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With a boiling temperature of -195.8 degrees celsius, nitrogen composes approximately 78 percent of the volume of the atmosphere.

A. nitrogen composes approximately 78 percent of the volume of the atmosphere
Beginning of the sentence (With blah blah) refers to nitrogen. Thus, proceeding noun should be the subject which is nitrogen.

B. nitrogen is composing the volume of 78 percent of the atmosphere
"is composing" is wrong since we don't literally refer to an ongoing action. Nitrogen's existence in atmosphere is a general situation and thus need to be expressed in simple present tense not present continuous tense.

C. the atmosphere is approximately 78 percent nitrogen , as measured by volume
Beginning of the sentence (With blah blah) refers to nitrogen. Thus, proceeding noun should be the subject which is nitrogen rather than atmoshere

D. nitrogen is composed of 78 percent of the atmosphere's volume
"is composed of" is a idiomatic usage but not in this sentence. In this sentences,we say that nitrogen contributes the percentage of atmosphere not vice versa.

E. the atmosphere is composed, in terms of volume, of 78 percent nitrogen
Beginning of the sentence (With blah blah) refers to nitrogen. Thus, proceeding noun should be the subject which is nitrogen rather than atmoshere.
"is composed of" is a idiomatic usage but not in this sentence. In this sentences,we say that nitrogen contributes the percentage of atmosphere not vice versa.
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chesstitans
With a boiling temperature of -195.8 degrees celsius, nitrogen composes approximately 78 percent of the volume of the atmosphere.

A. nitrogen composes approximately 78 percent of the volume of the atmosphere
B. nitrogen is composing the volume of 78 percent of of the atmosphere
C. the atmosphere is approximately 78 percent nitrogen , as measured by volume.
D. nitrogen is composed of 78 percent of the atmosphere's volume.
E. the atmosphere is composed, in terms of volume, of 78 percent nitrogen

This is a real question from Kaplan Gmat Prep 2018 book.
IMO A..its a fact about nitrogen ...for facts we have to follow present form..

Sent from my SM-J700F using GMAT Club Forum mobile app
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With a boiling temperature of -195.8 degrees celsius, nitrogen composes approximately 78 percent of the volume of the atmosphere.
1st split - modifier C and E - out
2nd ideom - according to meaning we need to use composes - B, D - out
A. nitrogen composes approximately 78 percent of the volume of the atmosphere
B. nitrogen is composing the volume of 78 percent of the atmosphere - no needs for present continuous
C. the atmosphere is approximately 78 percent nitrogen , as measured by volume.
D. nitrogen is composed of 78 percent of the atmosphere's volume. - wrong meaning
E. the atmosphere is composed, in terms of volume, of 78 percent nitrogen
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