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12 Days of Christmas GMAT Competition - Day 4: Although German Johann 17 Dec 2022, 23:04
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(A) Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng. Incorrect as the sentence misses the point that the Gutenberg bible was produced using this movable type printing press

(B) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe with his development of the printing press, using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible. Incorrect as 'it' in the modifier can have two referent i.e. movable type printing and printing press

(C) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe, developing the printing press and using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible. Correct as it clearly says how did Gutenberg introduced movable type printing to Europe i.e. by developing the printing press and by using the method to produce Gutenberg Bible.

(D) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg; although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China. Incorrect as 'this' can have many referent i.e. Bible or Printing Press.

(E) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg, although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China. Incorrect as two clauses are joined by comma
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12 Days of Christmas GMAT Competition - Day 4: Although German Johann 17 Dec 2022, 23:13
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Please correct me if I am wrong.
I went for D as it separates the independent sentences and conveys the meaning that Bi Sheng first invented movable type printing but German Johannes Gutenberg developed the printing press, produced the Gutenberg Bible and introduced movable type printing to Europe
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12 Days of Christmas GMAT Competition - Day 4: Although German Johann 17 Dec 2022, 23:40
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Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng.

(A) Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng.
Incorrect. it could refer to printing press of Bible. Meaning is changed

(B) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe with his development of the printing press, using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible.
Incorrect. Awkward structure - with his development of the printing press

(C) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe, developing the printing press and using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible.
Correct

(D) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg; although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China.
Incorrect. Uses passive voice. What does this refer to?

(E) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg, although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China.
Incorrect. Uses passive voice. What does this refer to? Run on sentence
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12 Days of Christmas GMAT Competition - Day 4: Although German Johann 18 Dec 2022, 02:33
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Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng.

(A) Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng.

The phrase << later introduced it to Europe >> is awkward. Also, the pronoun <<it>> has no clear referent. – INCORRECT

(B) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe with his development of the printing press, using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible.

While is generally used to demonstrate simultaneous actions. Here it is NOT required. Also, << in China>> is a squinting modifier. – INCORRECT

(C) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe, developing the printing press and using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible.

While is generally used to demonstrate simultaneous actions. Here it is NOT required. Also, << in China>> is a squinting modifier. – INCORRECT


(D) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg; although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China.

There are no obvious errors. The modifiers are correctly placed. Two independent clauses are united by a ; . This is likely the correct answer.

(E) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg, although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China.

Two independent clauses cannot be combined via comma. -INCORRECT.


Answer: OPTION D
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12 Days of Christmas GMAT Competition - Day 4: Although German Johann 18 Dec 2022, 03:55
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Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng.

(A) Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng.

changes the meaning by saying that printing press was introduced by Gutenberg to Europe, while it is the movable type printing that is being referred to, while mentioning that 'it' was introduced to Europe

(B) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe with his development of the printing press, using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible.

awkward structure for with 'his development of the printing press'

(C) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe, developing the printing press and using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible.

confusing antecedents for 'it' and two places

(D) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg; although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China.

meaning is evident, highlighting that the movable type printing was introduced In Europe by Gutenberg through development of printing press

(E) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg, although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China.

comma should be replaced by semi-colon here

IMO, (D) will be the answer
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12 Days of Christmas GMAT Competition - Day 4: Although German Johann 18 Dec 2022, 04:00
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Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng.

(A) Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng.

(B) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe with his development of the printing press, using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible.

(C) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe, developing the printing press and using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible.

(D) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg; although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China.

(E) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg, although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China.



 


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Explanation:
Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng.
The striked through portion is a modifier which correctly modifies and presents some more information about German Johannes Gutenberg who later introduced movable printing type to Europe after it was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng. This is the intended meaning of the sentence.

A) Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng.
This option aptly conveys the intended meaning of the sentence. CORRECT.

(B) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe with his development of the printing press, using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible.
This alters the intended meaning by stating that German Johannes Gutenberg introduced movable printing press with his development of printing press at the same time. OUT.

(C) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe, developing the printing press and using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible.
Here, "developing the printing press and using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible" modifies "German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe".
This alters the intended meaning of the sentence by stating that German Johannes Gutenberg introduced movable printing press by developing the printing press. OUT.

(D) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg; although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China.
This alters the intended meaning of the sentence by altering the sense of contrast. It states that although the act of developing printing press by German Johannes Gutenberg introduced movable printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it. Rather the intended meaning highlights the contrast that although German Johannes Gutenberg introduced movable printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it. OUT.

(E) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg, although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China.
In addition to the error in option (D), this has another error of joining two independent clauses by a comma. A semicolon is used to join two independent clauses.

ANSWER A.
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12 Days of Christmas GMAT Competition - Day 4: Although German Johann 18 Dec 2022, 04:11
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Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng.

(A) Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng. [color=#ed1c24]SV agreement is wrong. No SV pairs in second sentence
[/color]

(B) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe with his development of the printing press, using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible.Meaning error

(C) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe, developing the printing press and using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible. No errors

(D) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg; although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China. Pronoun ref error

(E) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg, although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China. Same as D


IMO C
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12 Days of Christmas GMAT Competition - Day 4: Although German Johann 18 Dec 2022, 04:15
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12 Days of Christmas GMAT Competition with Lots of Fun

Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng.

(A) Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng.

(B) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe with his development of the printing press, using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible.

(C) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe, developing the printing press and using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible.

(D) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg; although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China.

(E) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg, although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China.

 


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(A) Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng.
--> Suggests that Johannes Gutenberg developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible independently. The press was used to produce the Gutenberg Bible

(B) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe with his development of the printing press, using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible.
--> the clause starting with "using" is incorrect as it is usually written for "how" scenarios. "with his development" suggests that an eve happening rather than referring to an invention.

(C) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe, developing the printing press and using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible.
--> Looks ok but I'm not sure if the comma before "in China" is really required.

(D) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg; although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China.
--> Pronoun issues here. "this" should refer to the development of the printing press but this statement makes it look like a referent for "the printing press" or "the production of Gutenberg Bible". Even "it" after "invent" does not have a clear referent.

(E) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg, although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China.
--> Same as above. It is worse because of the removal of the semicolon

IMHO Option C
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12 Days of Christmas GMAT Competition - Day 4: Although German Johann 18 Dec 2022, 04:41
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Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng.

(A) Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng.

confusing antecedents to 'it' at two places

(B) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe with his development of the printing press, using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible.

confusing antecedent to 'it'. can't refer to the preceding clause


(C) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe, developing the printing press and using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible.

No cause - effect evident in the meaning..as referred to in the second part of this prompt


(D) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg; although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China.

Though a 'passive' structure, it conveys the intended meaning


(E) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg, although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China.

similar structure as (D)..omly error that comma has been wrongly used instead of a semi-colon

(D) is the correct option
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12 Days of Christmas GMAT Competition - Day 4: Although German Johann 18 Dec 2022, 05:05
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(A) Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng. - Incorrect becoz Although should has a clause

(B) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe with his development of the printing press, using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible. Incorrect Modifier Error

(C) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe, developing the printing press and using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible. - Correct

(D) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg; although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China. - Incorrect becoz Although should has a clause

(E) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg, although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China. - Incorrect becoz Although should has a clause
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12 Days of Christmas GMAT Competition - Day 4: Although German Johann 18 Dec 2022, 05:23
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(A) Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng. "It refer to the Gutenberg Bible which was not introduced in Europe". Incorrect

(B) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe with his development of the printing press, using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible. Correct

(C) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe, developing the printing press and using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible. Parallelism error at the end "developing the printing press and producing the Gutenberg Bible". Incorrect.

(D) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg; although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China. Incorrect "First movable type priniting to be invented and than it will later be introduced to other parts."

(E) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg, although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China. Incorrect "First movable type priniting to be invented and than it will later be introduced to other parts."

Hence IMO B.
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12 Days of Christmas GMAT Competition - Day 4: Although German Johann 18 Dec 2022, 06:00
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(A) Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng. - Modifier Placement is incorrect, Eliminate

(B) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe with his development of the printing press, using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible. - correct modifier reference, Correct

(C) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe, developing the printing press and using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible. - Incorrect modifier reference, Eliminate

(D) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg; although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China. - Modifier Placement is incorrect, Eliminate

(E) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg, although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China. - Modifier Placement is incorrect, Eliminate

Ans: B
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12 Days of Christmas GMAT Competition - Day 4: Although German Johann 18 Dec 2022, 06:45
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In this sentence, we need to identify the most parallel structure - that is, we should either contrast the presses, or their inventors, or the periods, or the geographical locations -
but in any case, the contrasting should only involve two identical, comparable items.
Also, a useful tool may be the following - if there's a clarifying construction in the sentence or a clause that is separated by commas on both sides, it can be 'eliminated' from the sentence without loss of meaning.

(A) Although German Johannes Gutenberg, who developed the printing press and produced the Gutenberg Bible, later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng.
This one already looks quite well, but let's omit the non-defining relative clause to see it better:
Although German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe, movable type printing was first invented in China, by Bi Sheng.
To be honest, this looks like a good option: we are contrasting the introduction of printing to Europe with its invention in China. For now, A looks like the right answer.

(B) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe with his development of the printing press, using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible.
Well, if we cross out 'in China' from the sentence (which we can do due to commas as extra information),
the whole meaning of contrasting the two inventions goes out the window - therefore, B is wrong.

(C) While Bi Sheng was the first to invent movable type printing, in China, German Johannes Gutenberg later introduced it to Europe, developing the printing press and using it to produce the Gutenberg Bible.
Here we have a similar problem - Europe is still included in Gutenberg's part, but China is excluded from Bi Sheng's. Therefore, C is wrong.

(D) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg; although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China.
This option is quite solid, because the parts are separated by a semi-colon, and there's agreement inside of both halves. A participle clause refers to the press,
and later we have the juxtaposition of Bi Sheng's invention to the introduction of the press into Europe. However, there's still a meaning error:
We don't compare Gutenberg to Bi Sheng, because they are divided by a semi-colon. We are apparently comparing Europe to China in the second half - and yet,
China is still separated by a coma. Unfortunately, D is wrong.

(E) Used to produce the Gutenberg Bible, the printing press was developed by German Johannes Gutenberg, although this introduced movable type printing to Europe, Bi Sheng was the first to invent it, in China.
Because 'although' has a comma before it, it is contrasted with the previous clause. Meaning-wise, it juxtaposes the development of the printing press
and its introduction to Europe - which is definitely an error in the meaning. So, E is wrong.

After considering options, I'm still thinking that A is correct.
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12 Days of Christmas GMAT Competition - Day 4: Although German Johann 01 Jan 2023, 09:38
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Bunuel
(2) Pronouns
In choices (D) and (E), the pronoun this has no sensible noun that could be the antecedent. The noun printing press cannot introduce movable type printing. The development of the printing press introduced movable type printing to Europe, but “development” does not exist as a noun in these choices. Eliminate choices (D) and (E).
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KarishmaB ExpertsGlobal5 DmitryFarber

IMO "this" may refer to the entire previous clause rather than a requirement to only refer to noun in the previous clause. Can you pls provide some official examples on usage of "this" as a pronoun?
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12 Days of Christmas GMAT Competition - Day 4: Although German Johann 04 Jan 2023, 02:28
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Kushchokhani
Bunuel
(2) Pronouns
In choices (D) and (E), the pronoun this has no sensible noun that could be the antecedent. The noun printing press cannot introduce movable type printing. The development of the printing press introduced movable type printing to Europe, but “development” does not exist as a noun in these choices. Eliminate choices (D) and (E).
KarishmaB ExpertsGlobal5 DmitryFarber

IMO "this" may refer to the entire previous clause rather than a requirement to only refer to noun in the previous clause. Can you pls provide some official examples on usage of "this" as a pronoun?
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Pronouns stand for nouns, not entire sentences. 'This' can stand for 'development of the printing press' if it is mentioned. 'This' cannot stand for 'the printing press was developed by GJG.' Hence, (D) and (E) do not work.
Though I have issues with option (A) too. It uses 'although' which shows contrast but I do not understand how and why the sentence depicts contrast and hence was not convinced with (A) either.
When something is first invented somewhere, it can be introduced to other places 'later' only. That is what is expected.

So I would expect one of the following two structures:
MTP was first invented in China by BiS and later GJG introduced it to Europe. (So person A invented it in China and person B introduced it later somewhere else - an expected sequence of events)
Although GJG introduced it to Europe, MTP was first invented in China by BiS. (BiS developed it in China but in Europe it was introduced by GJG, not by BiS - contrast regarding the people involved)

Also, in option (A), when I put 'who developed ...' etc as a non essential modifier of GJG, I am making it irrelevant to the structure of the rest of the sentence but it is relevant since GJG introduced MTP to Europe by developing the printing press etc.
I am also a bit perturbed by the comma before 'by BiS.'

All in all, I was thoroughly confused in the question and thought that none of the options work well here.
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