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505-555 Level|   Resolve Paradox|                           
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A certain species of desert lizard digs tunnels in which to lay its eggs. The eggs must must incubate inside the tunnel for several weeks before hatching, and they fail to hatch if they are disturbed at any time during this incubation period. Yet these lizard guard their tunnels for only a few days after laying their eggs.

Which of the following, if true, most helps explain why there is no need for lizards to guard their tunnels for more than a few days?

(A) The eggs are at risk of being disturbed only during the brief egg-laying season when many lizards are digging in a relatively small area.
(B) The length of the incubation period varies somewhat from one tunnel to another.
(C) Each female lizard lays from 15 to 20 eggs, only about 10 of which hatch even if the eggs are not disturbed at any time during the incubation period.
(D) The temperature and humidity within the tunnels will not be suitable for the incubating eggs unless the tunnels are plugged with sand immediately after the eggs are laid.
(E) The only way to disturb the eggs of this lizard species is by opening up one of the tunnels in which they are laid.

Note : Official answer will be provided once GMAT Official Guide 2018 Verbal Review released.
There is competition for real estate among lizards as there is relatively small area which they prefer to dig to lay eggs.
This competition is usually high during egg laying season.
Hence eggs are at high chances of being disturbed during this egg laying season as another lizard may accidentally dig up the same space which was used by other lizard.
Once this season is over , eggs are usually not disturbed.
So it makes sense to guard eggs until the egg laying season is over.

IMO answer A .­
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Step 1:- Read the question stem:- Which of the following, if true, most helps explain why there is no need for lizards to guard their tunnels for more than a few days?-----> identify the gap in logic!!

Step 2: Analyze the stimulus:-
1) A certain species of desert lizard digs tunnels in which to lay its eggs. ----> Lizards dig - tunnels - lay eggs
2) The eggs must incubate inside the tunnel for several weeks before hatching, -----> incubation period
3) and they fail to hatch if they are disturbed at any time during this incubation period. ------> don't disturb during incubation period
4) Yet these lizard guard their tunnels for only a few days after laying their eggs. -------> lizards don't guard for the entire length of incubation period

Step 2B: Read the question stem once again so that you can analyze in a better way. [Thanks jennpt -inserted this step after your feedback ]

Step 3: Analyze options, eliminate wrong ones and select the right one:-
Option (A) The eggs are at risk of being disturbed only during the brief egg-laying season when many lizards are digging in a relatively small area.---->tries to explain but is sounding slightly vague...read on!!

(B) The length of the incubation period varies somewhat from one tunnel to another.---->out of scope

Option (C) Each female lizard lays from 15 to 20 eggs, only about 10 of which hatch even if the eggs are not disturbed at any time during the incubation period.----> even if the eggs are not disturbed only 10 out of 15/20 hatch. But what if the tunnel is disturbed? why doesn't the female lizard safegaurd for the entire length of incubation duration?

(D) The temperature and humidity within the tunnels will not be suitable for the incubating eggs unless the tunnels are plugged with sand immediately after the eggs are laid.------>out of scope, does not explain why the female lizard leave early?

(E) The only way to disturb the eggs of this lizard species is by opening up one of the tunnels in which they are laid. .------>out of scope, does not explain why the female lizard leave early?

So we are down to A vs C, lets look more closely:-

Option (A) The eggs are at risk of being disturbed only during the brief egg-laying season when many lizards are digging in a relatively small area.----> makes much more sense now---you get the point---->notice the choice of words, "brief egg-laying season" -----> means many females get together to lays eggs. They dig the tunnels together. Some female lizards might dig early and some others might take more time. The ones who finish digging their tunnels early; enter the tunnel & lay their eggs but when they come outside they find some female lizards are still digging tunnels. They realize that these might cause disturbance to the eggs which they have themselves laid. They wait for all the females to finish digging their tunnels. Once everyone is done, they might leave early and not wait for the entire length of incubation period!! -----> BINGO---> makes much more sense now!!

Step 4:- Choose the correct answer choice!!
The problem with option (C) still remains...hence we can choose (A) over (C)---->Which happens to be the right answer :-)


jennpt - please consider reviewing or providing feedback!! Your comments are invaluable!!
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Hi AndrewN avigutman - i thought (A) was wrong because of the following reason

Quote:
(A) The eggs are at risk of being disturbed only during the brief egg-laying season when many lizards are digging in a relatively small area.

Lets say :
  • the egg-laying season is the month of March for all lizards. Some lizzards lay in week 1 | some lay in week 2 | some lay in week 3 | some lay in week 4.
  • Incubation period after you lay eggs eggs - 8 weeks.

With that thinking, I looked at the red specifically and marked (A) wrong. Reason -

To me, the words in the red --- reinforced the thinking that mother lizards SHOULD be around their tunnel for the entire month of March when lizzards come to lay their eggs

Why ? Beacuse every lizard is digging in a relatively small area. in order to lay their eggs.

So , if i am the mother lizard, I need to be around my tunnel for the entire month of March

Why ? To ensure, no other female lizard burrows and digs close enough to my tunnel that causes disturbance to my eggs (As my eggs are incubating)
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jabhatta2
Lets say :
  • the egg-laying season is the month of March for all lizards. Some lizzards lay in week 1 | some lay in week 2 | some lay in week 3 | some lay in week 4.
  • Incubation period after you lay eggs eggs - 8 weeks.
With that thinking, I looked at the red specifically and marked (A) wrong.

You're absolutely right, jabhatta2. If "the brief egg-laying season" is an entire month, A is absolutely wrong. But that's a very big if.
The question is, what made you operate under that assumption?

When I read the passage, I am surprised by the fact that the lizard stands guard for only a few days, given that the incubation period is several weeks long, and given that the eggs "fail to hatch if they are disturbed at any time during this incubation period"
There must be something that changes during the incubation period - not all days within the incubation period are equally risky.

So, I'm looking for an answer that indicates an important change taking place sometime during the incubation period, significantly decreasing the risk of disturbance to the incubating eggs. Answer choice A gives us exactly that.
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jabhatta2
Hi AndrewN avigutman - i thought (A) was wrong because of the following reason

Quote:
(A) The eggs are at risk of being disturbed only during the brief egg-laying season when many lizards are digging in a relatively small area.

Lets say :
  • the egg-laying season is the month of March for all lizards. Some lizzards lay in week 1 | some lay in week 2 | some lay in week 3 | some lay in week 4.
  • Incubation period after laying eggs - 8 weeks.

With that thinking, I looked at the red specifically and marked (A) wrong. Reason -

To me, the words in the red --- reinforced the thinking that mother lizards SHOULD be around their tunnel for the entire month of March when lizzards come to lay their eggs

Why ? Beacuse every lizard is digging in a relatively small area. in order to lay their eggs.

So , if i am the mother lizard, I need to be around my tunnel for the entire month of March

Why ? To ensure, no other female lizard burrows and digs close enough to my tunnel that causes disturbance to my eggs (As my eggs are incubating)
Hello, jabhatta2. You are getting into trouble right from the start here, with let's say. You cannot assume any particular duration for the brief egg-laying season. The term could apply to a few days only, perhaps even a span of hours within a single day. (The word season has broad applicability within such a context.) Rather, you have to consult the passage. There, the references to time pertain to the incubation period for the eggs and the few days the adults hang around to guard those eggs. In other words, there is no information to guide us into an interpretation of just how long the brief egg-laying season may entail, so we cannot speculate.

In paradox questions, there is some unseen factor or set of circumstances at work that can create a more cohesive picture between the disparate elements. What needs to be resolved is that these eggs seem so fragile, yet the parents abandon guarding them after a few days. Here is my take on each answer choice, in brief:

Quote:
(A) The eggs are at risk of being disturbed only during the brief egg-laying season when many lizards are digging in a relatively small area.
Analysis: Perhaps the presence of many [adult] lizards... in a relatively small area affords the eggs some mutual protection, and if the risk of disturbance is confined to a brief period only, the adults might be able, logically, to leave after a somewhat brief guard duty, and the paradox would be resolved.

Quote:
(B) The length of the incubation period varies somewhat from one tunnel to another.
Analysis: This variation of some provides no insight into why there would be an exodus of parent lizards. You cannot even conjure up a connection without creating one or two steps to make the information fit, and that is not what a correct answer choice will do in CR.

Quote:
(C) Each female lizard lays from 15 to 20 eggs, only about 10 of which hatch even if the eggs are not disturbed at any time during the incubation period.
Analysis: The type of association that might lead someone into choosing this trap is that the parents could figure that at best, half the eggs will hatch, so why bother sticking around to guard them? The passage tells us, however, that these lizards guard their tunnels for... a few days, so the question would remain: why do they stop standing guard after those few days (i.e. why guard the eggs at all)?

Quote:
(D) The temperature and humidity within the tunnels will not be suitable for the incubating eggs unless the tunnels are plugged with sand immediately after the eggs are laid.
Analysis: This is a condition for successful incubation, but the lizards would plug the tunnels with sand regardless, and this one behavior does not explain another—abandoning the incubating eggs. For this answer choice to be more reasonable, you would expect to encounter information on just how long it might take to plug the tunnels. (Perhaps if the parents took a few days to plug all the holes, they would no longer have anything to do but wait for the eggs to hatch, and they would be free to scurry off.)

Quote:
(E) The only way to disturb the eggs of this lizard species is by opening up one of the tunnels in which they are laid.
Analysis: Again, this fact provides information on the overall process of incubation, but it does not allow you to explain the behavior of the parent lizards any better than if it said that the lizards ate flies or some such.

If you think some other answer choice can be defended, jabhatta2, I would welcome the accompanying analysis. Just watch out for one- or two-step-removed logic that draws from an unfounded assumption.

- Andrew
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Hi avigutman -

avigutman
jabhatta2
Lets say :
  • the egg-laying season is the month of March for all lizards. Some lizzards lay in week 1 | some lay in week 2 | some lay in week 3 | some lay in week 4.
  • Incubation period after you lay eggs eggs - 8 weeks.
With that thinking, I looked at the red specifically and marked (A) wrong.

You're absolutely right, jabhatta2. If "the brief egg-laying season" is an entire month, A is absolutely wrong. But that's a very big if.
The question is, what made you operate under that assumption?
.

Why did i think of 1 month ? Because i thought 1 month was a reasonable possibility for the phrase brief egg laying season

How long did you think was brief egg laying season ? (Did you think about that at all ? I notice, you cannot infer that from the argument...)

What i find strange is (A) works ONLY IF ONE ASSUMES the brief egg laying season is SHORTER than a 'few days after laying their eggs'

If the brief egg laying season is LONGER than a "Few days" -- say the brief egg laying season is 1 week or a 4 weeks or 6 weeks... (A) cannot be the answer.

One can only pick (A) if we can definitely assume that the brief egg laying season is shorter than "few days after laying their eggs"

Normally in CR OA's - such assumptions dont have to be made when choosing an OA.
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jabhatta2

What i find strange is (A) works ONLY IF ONE ASSUMES the brief egg laying season is SHORTER than a 'few days after laying their eggs'

If the brief egg laying season is LONGER than a "Few days" -- say the brief egg laying season is 1 week or a 4 weeks or 6 weeks... (A) cannot be the answer.

One can only pick (A) if we can definitely assume that the brief egg laying season is shorter than "few days after laying their eggs"

Normally in CR OA's - such assumptions dont have to be made when choosing an OA.

I think what you're saying, jabhatta2, is that you don't feel comfortable picking an answer choice for this question type unless that answer choice guarantees a full and complete explanation for the surprising phenomenon.
But, the question asked us to pick the answer that "most helps explain why..."

I'm imagining a lizard expert telling me answer choice A when she sees that I'm surprised by the passage. And, if that expert told me A, I would probably ask some follow-up questions, something like "oh, I see, so I guess their egg-laying season is shorter than "a few days?"
And the conversation would continue from there. Answer choice A is a very reasonable beginning of an explanation, and I should point out two very powerful and meaningful words in that answer choice: "only" and "brief." Even if you know the meaning of those words, you may benefit from looking up their definitions all the same.

If another answer choice offered us a more robust and complete explanation, I would pick it. But we have to read answer choice A in the context of the other four answer choices, and it does do something to help explain the surprising phenomenon.
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