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11 Jul 2021, 21:00
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Question 1
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
89% (02:15) correct
11%
(02:30) wrong
based on 489
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
89% (00:23) correct 11%
(00:29) wrong
based on 448
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
68% (00:52) correct 32%
(00:59) wrong
based on 461
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
91% (00:35) correct 9%
(00:47) wrong
based on 434
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
A team of scientists needs to understand the impact of a nuclear explosion on a concrete bunker. Another team of engineers is trying to design an airplane that can withstand high wind shear while flying. It is not always possible to carry out direct experimentation or trial to test many real-life situations. Herein, lies the need for developing a modelling system that can incorporate all variables and data to produce a result that can help study the phenomenon at hand. This modelling system is what we call computer simulations. They were first designed as a tool to study the metrological phenomenon and nuclear physics. The list has steadily grown to incorporate many other areas of modern society like medical sciences, construction, economics, astrophysics etc.
A computer simulation is a computer programme or a model that tries to recreate a model of a particular system in a virtual world. For example, if you want to see the impact of a comet striking Earth, you do not want to wait for a real event, but you also do not want to be caught napping before such an event actually occurs. So, what you do is create a virtual system which resembles a real-world system with objects similar to Earth and the comet, along with parameters like speed, atmosphere, mass etc., as close to reality as possible. This may seem like some grandiose plan of science fiction, but even medical science benefits by using simulations to see the impact of new medicines, thereby helping to cut down risks associated with clinical trials. Architects use the same modelling approach before designing a new bridge or a skyscraper.
There are different types of simulation models. First is the discrete model in which the changes to the system occur at specifc times. Second is the continuous model in which the state of the system changes continuously over time. Third is the mixed model in which both discrete and continuous elements are contained. The type of data needed to build a computer simulation includes the overall process flow, what is being produced or acted on (entities), frequencies at which the entities arrive in the programme, the length of time individual steps in the process take, a probability distribution that characterise real-life uncertainties and variations in the process.
Computer simulations are also helpful in analysing “what if” scenarios. The advantages of computer simulations include gaining a greater understanding of the process; identifying any potential obstructions or flaws; being able to effectively evaluate processes that have changing variables and even help mitigate possible problems. Computer simulations have indeed provided an enormous impetus to how we do our research and planning.
A computer simulation is a computer programme or a model that tries to recreate a model of a particular system in a virtual world. For example, if you want to see the impact of a comet striking Earth, you do not want to wait for a real event, but you also do not want to be caught napping before such an event actually occurs. So, what you do is create a virtual system which resembles a real-world system with objects similar to Earth and the comet, along with parameters like speed, atmosphere, mass etc., as close to reality as possible. This may seem like some grandiose plan of science fiction, but even medical science benefits by using simulations to see the impact of new medicines, thereby helping to cut down risks associated with clinical trials. Architects use the same modelling approach before designing a new bridge or a skyscraper.
There are different types of simulation models. First is the discrete model in which the changes to the system occur at specifc times. Second is the continuous model in which the state of the system changes continuously over time. Third is the mixed model in which both discrete and continuous elements are contained. The type of data needed to build a computer simulation includes the overall process flow, what is being produced or acted on (entities), frequencies at which the entities arrive in the programme, the length of time individual steps in the process take, a probability distribution that characterise real-life uncertainties and variations in the process.
Computer simulations are also helpful in analysing “what if” scenarios. The advantages of computer simulations include gaining a greater understanding of the process; identifying any potential obstructions or flaws; being able to effectively evaluate processes that have changing variables and even help mitigate possible problems. Computer simulations have indeed provided an enormous impetus to how we do our research and planning.
1. What is the primary purpose of this passage?
(A) Refute the importance of computer simulation.
(B) Discuss simulation, their uses and advantages.
(C) Outline the developmental history of simulations.
(D) Debate the pros and cons of computer simulation.
(E) Describe one particular application of the simulation.
(A) Refute the importance of computer simulation.
(B) Discuss simulation, their uses and advantages.
(C) Outline the developmental history of simulations.
(D) Debate the pros and cons of computer simulation.
(E) Describe one particular application of the simulation.
2. Based on the passage, which of the following best describes the author’s tone when writing about computer simulations?
(A) Wry humour
(B) Bitter sarcasm
(C) Open optimism
(D) Veiled cynicism
(E) Forthright scepticism
(A) Wry humour
(B) Bitter sarcasm
(C) Open optimism
(D) Veiled cynicism
(E) Forthright scepticism
3. The author mentions all of the following EXCEPT:
(A) simulations have reduced the need for direct experimentation.
(B) simulations are able to account for changing variables in a system.
(C) simulations have a limited capacity to evaluate hypothetical scenarios.
(D) studying the effects of a new drug being developed can be aided by simulations.
(E) the amount of traffic a new bridge in the city can handle can be gauged with simulations.
(A) simulations have reduced the need for direct experimentation.
(B) simulations are able to account for changing variables in a system.
(C) simulations have a limited capacity to evaluate hypothetical scenarios.
(D) studying the effects of a new drug being developed can be aided by simulations.
(E) the amount of traffic a new bridge in the city can handle can be gauged with simulations.
4. Based on the given information, what can be inferred about the author’s opinion of the use of computer simulations in medicine?
(A) The author is sceptical.
(B) The author is circumspect.
(C) The author remains neutral.
(D) The author supports its use.
(E) The author is against its use.
(A) The author is sceptical.
(B) The author is circumspect.
(C) The author remains neutral.
(D) The author supports its use.
(E) The author is against its use.
13 Jul 2021, 03:01
Kudos
Bookmarks
Hi,
My analysis is as follows:
1. What is the primary purpose of this passage?
(A) Refute the importance of computer simulation. Author emphasizes the importance.
(B) Discuss simulation, their uses and advantages. CORRECT. All these points are discussed.
(C) Outline the developmental history of simulations. Developmental history is discussed at first, but it does not seem to be the purpose of the passage.
(D) Debate the pros and cons of computer simulation. I could not find any cons that have been discussed.
(E) Describe one particular application of the simulation. Many applications are discussed.
2. Based on the passage, which of the following best describes the author’s tone when writing about computer simulations?
(A) Wry humour CORRECT. This is a bit of a confusing point for me. I want to look at the official explanation for this question. IMO, I would agree that this is humour derived from mocking.
(B) Bitter sarcasm Looks correct as well, but I've noticed less sarcasm and more mockery, I feel. I may be wrong.
(C) Open optimism Doesn't sound like the author is optimistic about anything here.
(D) Veiled cynicism Cynicism is also not not visible
(E) Forthright scepticism I did not find the author to be doubtful of anything.
3. The author mentions all of the following EXCEPT:
(A) simulations have reduced the need for direct experimentation. Again, this question stumps me a bit. Author does not mention this explicitly but he does say this indirectly.
(B) simulations are able to account for changing variables in a system. Author does say this indirectly atleast.
(C) simulations have a limited capacity to evaluate hypothetical scenarios. Simulations are supposed to evaluate all scenarios so we can understand the process better. Author does say this as well.
(D) studying the effects of a new drug being developed can be aided by simulations. Author mentions this.
(E) the amount of traffic a new bridge in the city can handle can be gauged with simulations. CORRECT, IMO. Author does not explicitly talk about this.
4. Based on the given information, what can be inferred about the author’s opinion of the use of computer simulations in medicine?
(A) The author is sceptical. The author does not seem to be doubtful of anything.
(B) The author is circumspect. Doesn't seem cautious about this to me.
(C) The author remains neutral. The author seems to support it; neutral stance is not observed.
(D) The author supports its use. CORRECT. Author does support its use in the passage.
(E) The author is against its use.[color=#ff0000]I did not find any evidence that the author is against its use.
All suggestions are appreciated. Thank you.
My analysis is as follows:
1. What is the primary purpose of this passage?
(A) Refute the importance of computer simulation. Author emphasizes the importance.
(B) Discuss simulation, their uses and advantages. CORRECT. All these points are discussed.
(C) Outline the developmental history of simulations. Developmental history is discussed at first, but it does not seem to be the purpose of the passage.
(D) Debate the pros and cons of computer simulation. I could not find any cons that have been discussed.
(E) Describe one particular application of the simulation. Many applications are discussed.
2. Based on the passage, which of the following best describes the author’s tone when writing about computer simulations?
(A) Wry humour CORRECT. This is a bit of a confusing point for me. I want to look at the official explanation for this question. IMO, I would agree that this is humour derived from mocking.
(B) Bitter sarcasm Looks correct as well, but I've noticed less sarcasm and more mockery, I feel. I may be wrong.
(C) Open optimism Doesn't sound like the author is optimistic about anything here.
(D) Veiled cynicism Cynicism is also not not visible
(E) Forthright scepticism I did not find the author to be doubtful of anything.
3. The author mentions all of the following EXCEPT:
(A) simulations have reduced the need for direct experimentation. Again, this question stumps me a bit. Author does not mention this explicitly but he does say this indirectly.
(B) simulations are able to account for changing variables in a system. Author does say this indirectly atleast.
(C) simulations have a limited capacity to evaluate hypothetical scenarios. Simulations are supposed to evaluate all scenarios so we can understand the process better. Author does say this as well.
(D) studying the effects of a new drug being developed can be aided by simulations. Author mentions this.
(E) the amount of traffic a new bridge in the city can handle can be gauged with simulations. CORRECT, IMO. Author does not explicitly talk about this.
4. Based on the given information, what can be inferred about the author’s opinion of the use of computer simulations in medicine?
(A) The author is sceptical. The author does not seem to be doubtful of anything.
(B) The author is circumspect. Doesn't seem cautious about this to me.
(C) The author remains neutral. The author seems to support it; neutral stance is not observed.
(D) The author supports its use. CORRECT. Author does support its use in the passage.
(E) The author is against its use.[color=#ff0000]I did not find any evidence that the author is against its use.
All suggestions are appreciated. Thank you.
13 Jul 2021, 06:31
Kudos
Bookmarks
Passage Summary:
P1: motivation of computer simulation
P2: application of computer simulation
P3: detail & type
P4: benefits of computer simulation
Q1 Primary Purpose
(A) Refute the importance of computer simulation. (not refute: contradictory)
(B) Discuss simulation, their uses and advantages. (yes - KEEP)
(C) Outline the developmental history of simulations. (out of scope)
(D) Debate the pros and cons of computer simulation. (out of scope)
(E) Describe one particular application of the simulation. (too narrow)
My ans: B
Q2 tone about computer simulation
(A) Wry humour (negative)
(B) Bitter sarcasm (negative)
(C) Open optimism (positive)
(D) Veiled cynicism (negative)
(E) Forthright scepticism (negative)
The author's attitude is positive (or neutral at best), so the answer is C.
Q3 mentions all EXCEPT ...
(A) simulations have reduced the need for direct experimentation. (mentioned in P1)
(B) simulations are able to account for changing variables in a system. (mentioned in P4)
(C) simulations have a limited capacity to evaluate hypothetical scenarios. (limitations like cons, not mentioned)
(D) studying the effects of a new drug being developed can be aided by simulations. (mentioned in P2)
(E) the amount of traffic a new bridge in the city can handle can be gauged with simulations. (seems like in P2)
I am hesitating between C and E, but go with C because the author talks about designing the bridge while limited capacity of computer simulations is not mentioned
Q4 attitude toward use of computer simulation in medicine
(A) The author is sceptical. (negative - incorrect)
(B) The author is circumspect. (negative - incorrect)
(C) The author remains neutral.
(D) The author supports its use.
(E) The author is against its use. (negative - incorrect)
I have to decide between C and D, and go with D because the author cites the benefits to show that look, even medical applications could benefit with simulation because ...
P1: motivation of computer simulation
P2: application of computer simulation
P3: detail & type
P4: benefits of computer simulation
Q1 Primary Purpose
(A) Refute the importance of computer simulation. (not refute: contradictory)
(B) Discuss simulation, their uses and advantages. (yes - KEEP)
(C) Outline the developmental history of simulations. (out of scope)
(D) Debate the pros and cons of computer simulation. (out of scope)
(E) Describe one particular application of the simulation. (too narrow)
My ans: B
Q2 tone about computer simulation
(A) Wry humour (negative)
(B) Bitter sarcasm (negative)
(C) Open optimism (positive)
(D) Veiled cynicism (negative)
(E) Forthright scepticism (negative)
The author's attitude is positive (or neutral at best), so the answer is C.
Q3 mentions all EXCEPT ...
(A) simulations have reduced the need for direct experimentation. (mentioned in P1)
(B) simulations are able to account for changing variables in a system. (mentioned in P4)
(C) simulations have a limited capacity to evaluate hypothetical scenarios. (limitations like cons, not mentioned)
(D) studying the effects of a new drug being developed can be aided by simulations. (mentioned in P2)
(E) the amount of traffic a new bridge in the city can handle can be gauged with simulations. (seems like in P2)
I am hesitating between C and E, but go with C because the author talks about designing the bridge while limited capacity of computer simulations is not mentioned
Q4 attitude toward use of computer simulation in medicine
(A) The author is sceptical. (negative - incorrect)
(B) The author is circumspect. (negative - incorrect)
(C) The author remains neutral.
(D) The author supports its use.
(E) The author is against its use. (negative - incorrect)
I have to decide between C and D, and go with D because the author cites the benefits to show that look, even medical applications could benefit with simulation because ...
