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An effort to upgrade the health care of children begun two 27 Sep 2004, 22:37
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An effort to upgrade the health care of children begun two years ago is starting to save lives in dramatic numbers, according to the executive board of the United Nations Children's fund

A)to upgrade the health care of children begun two years ago
B)begun two years ago for upgrading the health care of children
C)begun two years ago to upgrade the health care of children
D)at upgrading the health care of children begun two years ago
E)that has begun two years ago to upgrade the health care of children

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An effort to upgrade the health care of children begun two 27 Sep 2004, 22:46
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E. 'that' is needed to join two part of sentences. All the other four (I think) are run on sentences.
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An effort to upgrade the health care of children begun two 27 Sep 2004, 22:52
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Agree .'that' is required.
But should 'has' be used in the sentence.

I feel C is right.
Well, I don't use much logic but go by what sounds right.
A bad habit that I have to rectify. :roll:
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An effort to upgrade the health care of children begun two 27 Sep 2004, 23:02
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hardworker_indian
E. 'that' is needed to join two part of sentences. All the other four (I think) are run on sentences.

:wall


i have issues with has begun. I feel it's a Present perfect begun should at a moment of time...it cannot continue...

I am going to get a beer
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An effort to upgrade the health care of children begun two 27 Sep 2004, 23:13
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NEWKID
But should 'has' be used in the sentence.

'has' is okay, I think. Use has for anything that started in the past, where a clear time of occurence is not known.

Apparently the effort has begun in the past, so they call it "has begun". There is even a clear hint on time - "two years ago".

"An effort that has begun two years ago. [/b]
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An effort to upgrade the health care of children begun two 28 Sep 2004, 04:46
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Hardworker Indian,

Quote:
'has' is okay, I think. Use has for anything that started in the past, where a clear time of occurence is not known.

Apparently the effort has begun in the past, so they call it "has begun". There is even a clear hint on time - "two years ago".

"An effort that has begun two years ago. [/b]


If the sentence was " an effort that began two years ago"...Would that have been correct?
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An effort to upgrade the health care of children begun two 28 Sep 2004, 05:18
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C is most concise. Although E is grammatically correct, introduction of relative pronoun "that", along with present perfect tense, makes it wordier
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An effort to upgrade the health care of children begun two 28 Sep 2004, 07:28
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Paul
C is most concise. Although E is grammatically correct, introduction of relative pronoun "that", along with present perfect tense, makes it wordier

May be I am missing something here, but I will explain why I chose E.

1) A and C are the same, except for word re-arrangment.

C = An effort begun two years ago to upgrade the health care of children is starting to save lives in dramatic numbers, according to the executive board of the United Nations Children's fund
I think there are two verbs here for the effort - begun and is starting - and may hence be a run on sentence like all the other three.

2)
E = An effort that has begun two years ago to upgrade the health care of children is starting to save lives in dramatic numbers, according to the executive board of the United Nations Children's fund.

that has begun two years ago - is the relative clause - we removed the double-verb error by sending one verb into the relative clause.


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Hardworker Indian,
Quote:
'has' is okay, I think. Use has for anything that started in the past, where a clear time of occurence is not known.
Apparently the effort has begun in the past, so they call it "has begun". There is even a clear hint on time - "two years ago".
"An effort that has begun two years ago.
If the sentence was " an effort that began two years ago"...Would that have been correct?


I will modify my explanation from the above quote:
Use present perfect (Eg: 'has begun') for anything that started in the past, and may continue to happen in the present.
Use past (began) for anything that happened in the past
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An effort to upgrade the health care of children begun two 28 Sep 2004, 07:46
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A and C are not the same for the reason that the participial phrase is placed after different nouns
A sounds as if it were the "health care of children" which "begun 2 years ago"
C corrects the mistake by putting the participial phrase after "effort" and makes it clear that it is the "effort" which "begun 2 years ago"
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An effort to upgrade the health care of children begun two 28 Sep 2004, 08:32
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For me issue was between B and C.. I picked C
But the answer given is B. Iam not sure if that is the right answer.
Paul any thought?? Again it's deadly between " to something" and " for something..ing"
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An effort to upgrade the health care of children begun two 28 Sep 2004, 09:14
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Paul
C is most concise. Although E is grammatically correct, introduction of relative pronoun "that", along with present perfect tense, makes it wordier


Hey Paul,
Is C not a run on sentence? I picked C but now...hmm...any insights?
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efforts to + infinitive:
https://www.nzherald.co.nz/storydisplay. ... ubsection=
efforts at + gerund
efforts in + gerund
above are all good
"efforts for + gerund" ... well, I could not find any example supporting this. Since effort to + infinitive is good, I would find no reason why C is wrong. Actually, B sounds very odd to the ear
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An effort to upgrade the health care of children begun two 28 Sep 2004, 11:28
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amitbalan
Paul
C is most concise. Although E is grammatically correct, introduction of relative pronoun "that", along with present perfect tense, makes it wordier

Hey Paul,
Is C not a run on sentence? I picked C but now...hmm...any insights?

An effort begun two years ago to upgrade the health care of children is starting to save lives in dramatic numbers, according to the executive board of the United Nations Children's fund
The portion in red is NOT an independent clause, it is a participial phrase(which cannot stand on its own). Remove it and keep the rest. You will see that it is just 1 smooth independent clause and no running on here :wink:
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An effort to upgrade the health care of children begun two 03 Oct 2004, 05:36
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C for me.
C : upgrading ..starting
E to upgrade + gerund
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An effort to upgrade the health care of children begun two 05 Jun 2013, 15:33
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Can any one explain what is wrong with E?
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An effort to upgrade the health care of children begun two 06 Jun 2013, 15:58
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summer101
Can any one explain what is wrong with E?

Hi summer101:

E: that has begun two years ago to upgrade the health care of children

Present perfect tense does not go with signal word - "ago".

Hope it helps.
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An effort to upgrade the health care of children begun two 07 Jun 2013, 00:27
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summer101
Can any one explain what is wrong with E?

Hi summer101:

E: that has begun two years ago to upgrade the health care of children

Present perfect tense does not go with signal word - "ago".

Hope it helps.

Hey,
Present perfect = something ongoing but which began in the past.

Two years ago signal the start, so why is "ago" wrong?
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An effort to upgrade the health care of children begun two 07 Jun 2013, 13:25
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summer101
Can any one explain what is wrong with E?

Hi summer101:

E: that has begun two years ago to upgrade the health care of children

Present perfect tense does not go with signal word - "ago".

Hope it helps.

Hey,
Present perfect = something ongoing but which began in the past.

Two years ago signal the start, so why is "ago" wrong?

Hi summer101:

The action "beginning" started 2 years ago, but the action-beginning cannot prolong for 2+ years. Only the effect of the action remains.
For example, you cannot say: I have begun studying GMAT for 2 years. The correct one is: I have studied GMAT for 2 years.

Moreover, in C, "an effort begun....", begun is Verb-ed modifier, not present perfect tense.

Hope it helps.
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