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­City Councilor Statement: The majority of urban flooding in Centerville is caused by improper disposal of waste, which clogs the city's drainage systems during heavy rainfalls. As most of this waste comes from disposable plastic products, the city proposes to ban the use of all single-use plastics. By implementing this ban, we believe that we will significantly reduce urban flooding incidents.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the claim that the proposal, if carried out, will have the announced effect?

(A) Centerville's waste management system efficiently processes non-plastic materials, which rarely contribute to drainage blockages. -> Seems like a trap option, it doesn't help us in connecting single-use plastics and blockage. 

(B) The disposal of single-use plastics in Centerville consumes more resources and energy than any other type of disposable products, thus if single-use plastics are banned, the city would have multiple benefits. -> Irrelevant, we aren't concerned with resource and energy consumption

(C) Cities that have banned single-use plastics have observed significant reductions in landfill waste and improvements in overall environmental quality. -> Irrelevant, we aren't concerned about environment quality

(D) The cost of cleaning the city's drainage systems after floods is significantly higher than the projected costs of enforcing the plastic ban. -> Irrelevant, we aren't concerned about costs

(E) On days following heavy rainfall, the majority of debris removed from Centerville’s drainage systems is identified as single-use plastic.­ -> This helps since it tells us that single plastic was the major reason of blockage of drainage. Answer
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Type of Question: Stregthen

Scenario: Plastic cloggs drainage.Hence waterlogged

Pre-thinking : We should prove plastic is the culprit.



A. Says non plastic doesn't clogg
Eliminate

B. & C. Both Focus on tangential benifits
Out

D. Talks Cost effectiveness of Plastic ban. Hence out


E. Says majority of blockage was plastic.

Perfect!!!

We found the culprit.

Ans.E


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Bsnnkintof more consumption of resources will lead to multiple benefits hence announced effect

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Bunuel
­City Councilor Statement: The majority of urban flooding in Centerville is caused by improper disposal of waste, which clogs the city's drainage systems during heavy rainfalls. As most of this waste comes from disposable plastic products, the city proposes to ban the use of all single-use plastics. By implementing this ban, we believe that we will significantly reduce urban flooding incidents.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the claim that the proposal, if carried out, will have the announced effect?

(A) Centerville's waste management system efficiently processes non-plastic materials, which rarely contribute to drainage blockages.

(B) The disposal of single-use plastics in Centerville consumes more resources and energy than any other type of disposable products, thus if single-use plastics are banned, the city would have multiple benefits.

(C) Cities that have banned single-use plastics have observed significant reductions in landfill waste and improvements in overall environmental quality.

(D) The cost of cleaning the city's drainage systems after floods is significantly higher than the projected costs of enforcing the plastic ban.

(E) On days following heavy rainfall, the majority of debris removed from Centerville’s drainage systems is identified as single-use plastic.

 


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­
­City Councilor Statement: The majority of urban flooding in Centerville is caused by improper disposal of waste, which clogs the city's drainage systems during heavy rainfalls. As most of this waste comes from disposable plastic products, the city proposes to ban the use of all single-use plastics. By implementing this ban, we believe that we will significantly reduce urban flooding incidents.

argument is about improper disposal of waste, which clogs the city's drainage systems during heavy rainfalls

As most of this waste comes from disposable plastic products, the city proposes to ban the use of all single-use plastics. By implementing this ban, we believe that we will significantly reduce urban flooding incidents


(A) Centerville's waste management system efficiently processes non-plastic materials, which rarely contribute to drainage blockages.
correct option as with the ban of disposable plastic products , there will be  reduction in urban flooding incidents.

(B) The disposal of single-use plastics in Centerville consumes more resources and energy than any other type of disposable products, thus if single-use plastics are banned, the city would have multiple benefits.
argument is about improper disposal ; so this is incorrect


(C) Cities that have banned single-use plastics have observed significant reductions in landfill waste and improvements in overall environmental quality.
irrelevant

(D) The cost of cleaning the city's drainage systems after floods is significantly higher than the projected costs of enforcing the plastic ban.
there is no co relation of cost with plastic ban..

(E) On days following heavy rainfall, the majority of debris removed from Centerville’s drainage systems is identified as single-use plastic.
this is reinstating argument

OPTION A is correct
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Bunuel
­City Councilor Statement: The majority of urban flooding in Centerville is caused by improper disposal of waste, which clogs the city's drainage systems during heavy rainfalls. As most of this waste comes from disposable plastic products, the city proposes to ban the use of all single-use plastics. By implementing this ban, we believe that we will significantly reduce urban flooding incidents.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the claim that the proposal, if carried out, will have the announced effect?

(A) Centerville's waste management system efficiently processes non-plastic materials, which rarely contribute to drainage blockages.

(B) The disposal of single-use plastics in Centerville consumes more resources and energy than any other type of disposable products, thus if single-use plastics are banned, the city would have multiple benefits.

(C) Cities that have banned single-use plastics have observed significant reductions in landfill waste and improvements in overall environmental quality.

(D) The cost of cleaning the city's drainage systems after floods is significantly higher than the projected costs of enforcing the plastic ban.

(E) On days following heavy rainfall, the majority of debris removed from Centerville’s drainage systems is identified as single-use plastic.

 


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­
­

GMAT Club Official Explanation:



CORRECT: (E) On days following heavy rainfall, the majority of debris removed from Centerville’s drainage systems is identified as single-use plastic.

By showing that these plastics make up the majority of debris, this answer choice strengthens the assumption that removing single-use plastics would reduce flooding.

INCORRECT. (A) does not support the claim that banning plastics will reduce flooding; it only implies that other materials are not the problem and is largely irrelevant to argument. Eliminate.

INCORRECT. (B) tells us that there are many benefits to ban single-use plastics but it does not prove that the single-use plastics ban will be effective for flood control. We still don’t know. Eliminate.

INCORRECT. (C) is also irrelevant when it comes to evaluating the argument and proving that the strategy will be effective. Eliminate.

INCORRECT. (D) is also an indirect argument why banning single-use plastics is good but it does not give us a reason why it will succeed. Just being good or positive is not good enough. Eliminate. ­
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To determine which statement most strongly supports the claim that banning single-use plastics will significantly reduce urban flooding in Centerville, we need to focus on evidence directly linking single-use plastics to the clogging of the city's drainage systems during heavy rainfall.

Let's analyze each option:

(A) Centerville's waste management system efficiently processes non-plastic materials, which rarely contribute to drainage blockages.

This statement supports the idea that non-plastic materials are not the primary cause of drainage blockages. However, it doesn't provide direct evidence that single-use plastics are the main contributors to the blockages.

(B) The disposal of single-use plastics in Centerville consumes more resources and energy than any other type of disposable products, thus if single-use plastics are banned, the city would have multiple benefits.

This statement highlights other benefits of banning single-use plastics but does not directly address their role in causing urban flooding.

(C) Cities that have banned single-use plastics have observed significant reductions in landfill waste and improvements in overall environmental quality.

While this statement suggests positive outcomes from banning single-use plastics, it does not specifically link the ban to a reduction in urban flooding.

(D) The cost of cleaning the city's drainage systems after floods is significantly higher than the projected costs of enforcing the plastic ban.

This statement addresses the economic aspect of the issue but does not provide evidence that single-use plastics are the primary cause of drainage system blockages leading to flooding.

(E) On days following heavy rainfall, the majority of debris removed from Centerville’s drainage systems is identified as single-use plastic.

This statement directly supports the claim by indicating that single-use plastics are the major contributors to the blockages in the drainage systems. It provides specific evidence linking the presence of single-use plastics to the problem of urban flooding in Centerville.

Therefore, the statement that most strongly supports the claim that banning single-use plastics will significantly reduce urban flooding is:(E)
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City Councilor Statement: The majority of urban flooding in Centerville is caused by improper disposal of waste, which clogs the city's drainage systems during heavy rainfalls. As most of this waste comes from disposable plastic products, the city proposes to ban the use of all single-use plastics.

By implementing this ban, we believe that we will significantly reduce urban flooding incidents.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the claim that the proposal, if carried out, will have the announced effect?
Quote:
 (A) Centerville's waste management system efficiently processes non-plastic materials, which rarely contribute to drainage blockages.
The majority of urban flooding in Centerville is caused by improper disposal of waste, which clogs the city's drainage systems during heavy rainfalls. As most of this waste comes from disposable plastic products, the city proposes to ban the use of all single-use plastics. Centerville's waste management system efficiently processes non-plastic materials, which rarely contribute to drainage blockages.  By implementing this ban, we believe that we will significantly reduce urban flooding incidents.
The statement completes the missing link in the argument regarding disposal of non-plastic materials.
Correct
Quote:
 (B) The disposal of single-use plastics in Centerville consumes more resources and energy than any other type of disposable products, thus if single-use plastics are banned, the city would have multiple benefits.
The argument is NOT concerned with consumption of resources. The statement, if true, DOES NOT support the claim that the proposal, if carried out, will have the announced effect.
Incorrect
Quote:
 (C) Cities that have banned single-use plastics have observed significant reductions in landfill waste and improvements in overall environmental quality.
The argument is NOT concerened with reduction in landfill waste and improvement in overall environmental quality but is concerned with waste clogging the city's drainage systems during heavy rainfalls leading to urban flooding.The statement, if true, DOES NOT support the claim that the proposal, if carried out, will have the announced effect.
Incorrect
Quote:
 (D) The cost of cleaning the city's drainage systems after floods is significantly higher than the projected costs of enforcing the plastic ban.
The argument is NOT concerned with the cost of cleaning the city's drainage systems after floods. It is concerned with improper disposal of waste, most of which is single-use plastics, which clogs the city's drainage systems during heavy rainfalls.
Incorrect
Quote:
 (E) On days following heavy rainfall, the majority of debris removed from Centerville’s drainage systems is identified as single-use plastic.
It is already stated in the argument that most of the waste, which clogs the city's drainage systems during heavy rainfalls, comes from disposable plastic products. Option A is a better choice since it completes the missing link in the argument regarding disposal of non-plastic materials.
Incorrect

IMO A
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City Councilor Statement: The majority of urban flooding in Centerville is caused by improper disposal of waste, which clogs the city's drainage systems during heavy rainfalls. As most of this waste comes from disposable plastic products, the city proposes to ban the use of all single-use plastics. By implementing this ban, we believe that we will significantly reduce urban flooding incidents.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the claim that the proposal, if carried out, will have the announced effect?

(A) Centerville's waste management system efficiently processes non-plastic materials, which rarely contribute to drainage blockages. [[b]This is our answer! Though most of the improperly disposed waste is plastic but we'll have to assume that it is causing the significant amount of blockage. Let's say plastic is 60% and non plastic is 40%. But what if 90% of the drainage problem is caused by this non plastic materials? This option strengthens this argument by removing this possibility.]

(B) The disposal of single-use plastics in Centerville consumes more resources and energy than any other type of disposable products, thus if single-use plastics are banned, the city would have multiple benefits.[ we don't care about other benefits]

(C) Cities that have banned single-use plastics have observed significant reductions in landfill waste and improvements in overall environmental quality. [A is much stronger than C]

(D) The cost of cleaning the city's drainage systems after floods is significantly higher than the projected costs of enforcing the plastic ban. [cost is not an issue]

(E) On days following heavy rainfall, the majority of debris removed from Centerville’s drainage systems is identified as single-use plastic.­[No impact: Given in the argument]
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City Councilor Statement: The majority of urban flooding in Centerville is caused by improper disposal of waste, which clogs the city's drainage systems during heavy rainfalls. As most of this waste comes from disposable plastic products, the city proposes to ban the use of all single-use plastics. By implementing this ban, we believe that we will significantly reduce urban flooding incidents.

IMO -E

(A) Centerville's waste management system efficiently processes non-plastic materials, which rarely contribute to drainage blockages. // Eliminate - Good trap choice if non plastic does not contribute and also processed by waste management system then it is kind of irrelevant to even discuss the non plastic materials.

(B) The disposal of single-use plastics in Centerville consumes more resources and energy than any other type of disposable products, thus if single-use plastics are banned, the city would have multiple benefits. // Eliminate other benefits are irrelevant to confirm the success of the plan , because we need to assure whether it will reduce the flooding

(C) Cities that have banned single-use plastics have observed significant reductions in landfill waste and improvements in overall environmental quality. // Eliminate - Just a general statement as we don't know whether this will be applicable in this case

(D) The cost of cleaning the city's drainage systems after floods is significantly higher than the projected costs of enforcing the plastic ban. // Eliminate - Irrelevant because we have to confirm whether the proposed action will have desired effect.

(E) On days following heavy rainfall, the majority of debris removed from Centerville’s drainage systems is identified as single-use plastic. // Correct as it confirms the hypothesis and provides the evidence which strengthens the argument.
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Bunuel
­City Councilor Statement: The majority of urban flooding in Centerville is caused by improper disposal of waste, which clogs the city's drainage systems during heavy rainfalls. As most of this waste comes from disposable plastic products, the city proposes to ban the use of all single-use plastics. By implementing this ban, we believe that we will significantly reduce urban flooding incidents.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the claim that the proposal, if carried out, will have the announced effect?

(A) Centerville's waste management system efficiently processes non-plastic materials, which rarely contribute to drainage blockages.

(B) The disposal of single-use plastics in Centerville consumes more resources and energy than any other type of disposable products, thus if single-use plastics are banned, the city would have multiple benefits.

(C) Cities that have banned single-use plastics have observed significant reductions in landfill waste and improvements in overall environmental quality.

(D) The cost of cleaning the city's drainage systems after floods is significantly higher than the projected costs of enforcing the plastic ban.

(E) On days following heavy rainfall, the majority of debris removed from Centerville’s drainage systems is identified as single-use plastic.

 


This question was provided by GMAT Club
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­
­Should be E

Premise: As most of this waste comes from disposable plastic products, the city proposes to ban the use of all single-use plastics
Conclusion: implementing this ban, we believe that we will significantly reduce urban flooding incidents

A. we are concerned with plastic materials, not non-plastic materials. Irrelevant.
B. we are not concerned with energy consumption. Irrelevant.
C. we are concerned with the drainage issue, not the environemental issue. Irrelevant.
D. we are not concerned with the costs. Irrelevant.
E. this options directly strenghthens the conclusion because it proves that the premise is likely true.
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(A) Centerville's waste management system efficiently processes non-plastic materials, which rarely contribute to drainage blockages: this clain is about disposable plastic products .

(B) The disposal of single-use plastics in Centerville consumes more resources and energy than any other type of disposable products, thus if single-use plastics are banned, the city would have multiple benefits: it does not directly address the issue of urban flooding caused by drainage blockages.

(C) Cities that have banned single-use plastics have observed significant reductions in landfill waste and improvements in overall environmental quality: it does not directly address the issue of urban flooding caused by drainage blockages.

(D) The cost of cleaning the city's drainage systems after floods is significantly higher than the projected costs of enforcing the plastic ban: cost is out of scope 

(E) On days following heavy rainfall, the majority of debris removed from Centerville’s drainage systems is identified as single-use plastic: since the majority of debris removed from Centerville’s drainage systems is identified as single-use plastic, this supports the ban.
Ans E
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Option E

Conclusion - significantly reduce urban flooding incidents by banning single use plastics

a premise that says , yes banning will help
the choice was between A and D
rest all can be easily eliminated.

(A) Centerville's waste management system efficiently processes non-plastic materials, which rarely contribute to drainage blockages. - this shows the others are not causing blockage, so if we ban plastic , we are good. but we are referring to items out of scope, also process - means -- proper disposal? idk this counter logic threw me off since I found E to be more strong I chose that. also it says non-plastic not single use so....

(E) On days following heavy rainfall, the majority of debris removed from Centerville’s drainage systems is identified as single-use plastic. - bang on, so single-use plastic blocks - so ban - it - reduce flooding
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Bunuel
­City Councilor Statement: The majority of urban flooding in Centerville is caused by improper disposal of waste, which clogs the city's drainage systems during heavy rainfalls. As most of this waste comes from disposable plastic products, the city proposes to ban the use of all single-use plastics. By implementing this ban, we believe that we will significantly reduce urban flooding incidents.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the claim that the proposal, if carried out, will have the announced effect?

(A) Centerville's waste management system efficiently processes non-plastic materials, which rarely contribute to drainage blockages.

(B) The disposal of single-use plastics in Centerville consumes more resources and energy than any other type of disposable products, thus if single-use plastics are banned, the city would have multiple benefits.

(C) Cities that have banned single-use plastics have observed significant reductions in landfill waste and improvements in overall environmental quality.

(D) The cost of cleaning the city's drainage systems after floods is significantly higher than the projected costs of enforcing the plastic ban.

(E) On days following heavy rainfall, the majority of debris removed from Centerville’s drainage systems is identified as single-use plastic.

 


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Analysing options:

A. Centerville's waste management system efficiently processes non-plastic materials, which rarely contribute to drainage blockages.
This option suggests that non-plastic materials are not a significant factor in drainage blockages. While this might support the idea that plastic is a major culprit, it does not directly link the flooding problem to single-use plastics.

B. The disposal of single-use plastics in Centerville consumes more resources and energy than any other type of disposable products, thus if single-use plastics are banned, the city would have multiple benefits.
This option points out additional benefits of banning single-use plastics but does not directly address the specific issue of urban flooding caused by drainage blockages.

C. Cities that have banned single-use plastics have observed significant reductions in landfill waste and improvements in overall environmental quality.
While this suggests positive outcomes from banning single-use plastics in other cities, it does not specifically address the issue of drainage blockages and urban flooding in Centerville.

D. The cost of cleaning the city's drainage systems after floods is significantly higher than the projected costs of enforcing the plastic ban.
This option compares costs but does not directly support the claim that banning single-use plastics will reduce urban flooding incidents.

E. On days following heavy rainfall, the majority of debris removed from Centerville’s drainage systems is identified as single-use plastic.
This option directly links single-use plastics to the drainage blockages that cause urban flooding. It provides evidence that the majority of the waste clogging the drainage systems is single-use plastic, thereby supporting the claim that banning these plastics would reduce flooding incidents.

Therefore, E most strongly supports the claim that the proposal, if carried out, will have the announced effect of reducing urban flooding incidents.
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­City Councilor Statement: The majority of urban flooding in Centerville is caused by improper disposal of waste, which clogs the city's drainage systems during heavy rainfalls. As most of this waste comes from disposable plastic products, the city proposes to ban the use of all single-use plastics. By implementing this ban, we believe that we will significantly reduce urban flooding incidents.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the claim that the proposal, if carried out, will have the announced effect?

(A) Centerville's waste management system efficiently processes non-plastic materials, which rarely contribute to drainage blockages.
Out of scope.
(B) The disposal of single-use plastics in Centerville consumes more resources and energy than any other type of disposable products, thus if single-use plastics are banned, the city would have multiple benefits. Irrelevant

(C) Cities that have banned single-use plastics have observed significant reductions in landfill waste and improvements in overall environmental quality. Overall environmental quality is out of scope.

(D) The cost of cleaning the city's drainage systems after floods is significantly higher than the projected costs of enforcing the plastic ban. Cost is irrelvant.

(E) On days following heavy rainfall, the majority of debris removed from Centerville’s drainage systems is identified as single-use plastic.

E is my answer.
If the majority of debris removed from Centerville’s drainage systems is identified as single-use plastic , then banning them will signifacantly reduce the urban flooding incident.
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We have to find the option which connects drainage problem with single use plastic and strengthens the announcement outcome.

Option A deals with Processing of plastic which is not directly linked with drainage problem

Option B Dismissal of single use plastic and conservation is not related to our reasoning directly.

Option C deals with environment quality and not directly related t our reasoning.

Option D It deals with Cost of cleaning rather than impact of Single use plastic on Drainange

Option E it appropriately deals with the issue by stating that most of the clogging of drains happens due to single use plastic, hence if we reduce the plastic, it will effectively reduce the problem as well.

Hence Option E is the correct answer
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The answer is E.
C is not better than E because it hasn't described drainage during heavy rainfall rather than it focuses on environmental impact.
B and D do not seem very relevant to me, as cost is not much of a driving factor.
A is less contribute than E.
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(A) Centerville's waste management system efficiently processes non-plastic materials, which rarely contribute to drainage blockages.
This supports the idea that banning plastics could be effective, but it doesn't directly link single-use plastics to flooding. 

(B) The disposal of single-use plastics in Centerville consumes more resources and energy than any other type of disposable products, thus if single-use plastics are banned, the city would have multiple benefits.
While this highlights additional benefits of banning plastics, it doesn't directly address the issue of drainage blockages and flooding.

(C) Cities that have banned single-use plastics have observed significant reductions in landfill waste and improvements in overall environmental quality.
This indicates positive outcomes from similar bans elsewhere but does not specifically connect the bans to reductions in urban flooding or drainage issues.

(D) The cost of cleaning the city's drainage systems after floods is significantly higher than the projected costs of enforcing the plastic ban.
Out of scope. This statement discusses the financial implications but doesn't provide direct evidence that banning plastics will reduce flooding

(E) On days following heavy rainfall, the majority of debris removed from Centerville’s drainage systems is identified as single-use plastic.
This directly links single-use plastics to the problem of drainage blockages during heavy rainfalls, supporting the claim that banning these plastics would reduce urban flooding incidents.

Answer E
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