Anton, Beatrice, Carl run a 30-km race at constant speeds a, b, c km/h.
Their times are 30/a, 30/b, 30/c hours.
Given: 30/a + 30/b = 30/c + 3. Did Carl win
(c > a, b)? Statements:
- (1) a, b, c ≤ 6 km/h.
- (2) Anton finished before Beatrice (a > b).Equation:
30/a + 30/b = 30/c + 3.
Let ta = 30/a, tb = 30/b, tc = 30/c, so ta + tb = tc + 3. Carl wins if tc < ta, tb (c > a, b).
- Statement 1: a, b, c ≤ 6, so ta, tb, tc ≥ 30/6 = 5. Then ta + tb ≥ 10, so tc + 3 ≥ 10, tc ≥ 7. If tc = 7, c = 30/7 ≈ 4.29. Try ta = tb = 5, then a = b = 6, c ≈ 4.29, all ≤ 6. Times: tc = 7, ta = tb = 5. Carl’s time (7) > Anton, Beatrice (5), so Carl loses. No case allows tc < 5 while ta + tb = tc + 3 and ta, tb ≥ 5. Sufficient: Carl didn’t win.
- Statement 2: a > b (ta < tb). Try c = 8.57, a = 12, b = 7.5: ta = 2.5, tb = 4, tc = 3.5. ta + tb = 6.5, tc + 3 = 6.5. Anton (2.5) < Carl (3.5) < Beatrice (4), Carl loses. Other cases allow c > a > b, so insufficient.
Statement 1 is sufficient: Carl did not win. Statement 2 is insufficient.
Bunuel
Anton, Beatrice, and Carl, each running at a constant rate, competed in a 30-kilometer race. The combined time Anton and Beatrice took to finish the race was exactly 3 hours longer than the time Carl took. Did Carl win the race?
(1) None of the three ran faster than 6 kilometers per hour.
(2) Anton finished before Beatrice.