Option C is the correct answer.
First of all we need to understand the meaning of the question to properly answer it. So here the question is basically asking us the maximum possible range of the number of distinct prime factors of n which would mean that range of number of distinct prime factors which the number n can have.
Lets understand this with an example of similar kind so that we can proper understand what exactly the question is asking of us.
Example:Question: Let say their is a positive integer x which has 4 positive factors, then what is the maximum possible range in the number of distinct prime factors that x can have?
Answer: Since we know the formula to calculate the total factors of a number is to just add (+1) to the maximum power of each distinct prime number that is the factor of that number and multiply all of them. example: the number 6 has two prime factors 2&3 and both have a maximum power of 1-1 each so to calculate total number of factors we will do (1+1)*(1+1) which will be equal to 4 factors. Now lets get back to the example question which we were solving.
So, as we know that x has 4 positive factors so we can get 4 by the two ways: (0+1)*(3+1) = 4, (1+1)*(1+1) = 4. And from here we get to know that x can have either only one prime number or two prime numbers atmost.
Now to answer the think which question asked we just need to do: 2-1 = 1 which will be the maximum possible range in the number of distinct prime factors that x can have.
Similarly we need to answer this question as well. It tells us that n is a positive number which have 24 factors.
First Case: Only one prime number - (0+1)*(23+1) = 24
Second Case: Two prime numbers - (1+1)*(11+1) = 24, (2+1)*(7+1) = 24 or (3+1)*(5+1) = 24
Third Case: Three prime numbers: (1+1)*(1+1)*(5+1) = 24 or (1+1)*(2+1)*(3+1) = 24
Fourth Case: Four prime numbers: (2+1)*(1+1)*(1+1)*(1+1) = 24
Now we cannot have more than these four cases so the maximum possible range of the number of distinct prime factors of n will be: 4-1 = 3
Bunuel
If a positive integer n has 24 positive factors, what is the maximum possible range in the number of distinct prime factors that n can have?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5