Bunuel
City Y has never hosted a major international sporting event. An analysis of the past five Olympic Games reveals that, without exception, each successful bid came from a city that had hosted at least one major sporting event within five years of its Olympic bid. Based on this observation, City Y’s bid committee believes it has very little chance of being selected to host the upcoming Games.
Which of the following best points out a flaw in the reasoning above?
A. It confuses the Olympic Committee’s selection criteria with the priorities of individual bid committees.
B. It incorrectly treats City Y’s lack of hosting experience as direct evidence that it will not be selected to host the Olympics.
C. It overlooks the mere possibility that City Y might still be selected even if it hasn’t hosted a major event before.
D. It relies on a similarity among previous outcomes without considering whether that similarity was essential to those outcomes.
E. It takes for granted that cities that haven’t hosted sporting events are automatically uninterested in doing so.
City Y has never hosted a major international sporting event. An analysis of the past five Olympic Games, without exception , each successful bid came from the city that has hosted at least one major sporting event within 5 yrs of the Olympic bid.
Based on the observation from the past, the city Y bid committee has very little chance of being selected to host the Olympic Games.
The flaw in the reasoning is : The author assumes that the history repeats , and that too repeats 100%. It fails to consider that even though, past events might have a similarity between them. That doesn’t mean, that the outcome is dependent on the past. The past cannot be the only deterministic factor leading to the outcome. So the reasoning is flawed on this scale.
A. It confuses the Olympic Committee’s selection criteria with the priorities of individual bid committees.
Comparing Criteria with Priorities is not necessary at this juncture. The flaw is not pertaining to this. Hence out of scope.
B. It incorrectly treats City Y’s lack of hosting experience as direct evidence that it will not be selected to host the Olympics.
This option resonates the pulse of the flaw in reasoning but it’s not the same. Hence, we eliminate it.
C. It overlooks the mere possibility that City Y might still be selected even if it hasn’t hosted a major event before.
This is another irrelevant option, hence eliminating it.
D. It relies on a similarity among previous outcomes without considering whether that similarity was essential to those outcomesThis is the exact flaw which we discussed earlier. Since, an event in the past has occured due to reason X, doesn’t Mean for the outcome to occur, X should occur seems illogical. There might be some other factor unknown or still unearthed but can still contribute to the outcome.
.
E. It takes for granted that cities that haven’t hosted sporting events are automatically uninterested in doing so.
This is a filler option. Hence, eliminating it.
Option D