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In despite of the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, nearly 5 million farm households are still in Japan out of a total population of some 116 million people.

(A) In despite of the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, nearly 5 million farm households are still in Japan -- 'In despite' is wrong

(B) In spite of the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, nearly 5 million farm households are still in Japan -- idiom error. Should be flow from rural areas 'to' urban clusters.

(C) Despite the steady population flow from rural areas into urban clusters, Japan’s farm households are still nearly 5 million -- idiom error. Should be flow from rural areas 'to' urban clusters.

(D) Despite the steady population flow from rural areas to urban clusters, there are still nearly 5 million farm households in Japan - Correct

(E) In Japan, despite the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, still there are nearly 5 million farm households -- idiom error. Should be flow from rural areas 'to' urban clusters. 'Still' is not needed when 'despite' is in the sentence.
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In despite of the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, nearly 5 million farm households are still in Japan out of a total population of some 116 million people.

(A) In despite of the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, nearly 5 million farm households are still in Japan

(B) In spite of the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, nearly 5 million farm households are still in Japan

(C) Despite the steady population flow from rural areas into urban clusters, Japan’s farm households are still nearly 5 million

(D) Despite the steady population flow from rural areas to urban clusters, there are still nearly 5 million farm households in Japan

(E) In Japan, despite the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, still there are nearly 5 million farm households


SC32561.01

"Despite of" is an incorrect idiom. The correct idiom is despite or in spite of. "Into" is used when something enters into some other thing. The right choice is going to the city not going into the city.
A, B, C, and E are out. D is the right answer.
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In this official question, despite is followed by a noun and a verb ,,,,,, the rule says despite needs to be followed only by noun. Can anyone please point out my mistake ?

Also, is flow out not redundant ?

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ShankSouljaBoi
The noun attached to "despite" is "flow," or "population flow." (In other words, a flow of/in population.) There is no clause or verb in that portion of the sentence.

The correct answer doesn't use "flow out." I agree that "out" is unneeded, since we have a flow from one place to another, but the phrase "flow out" isn't always wrong. I could say "I watched the water flow out of the tub."
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newyork2012 That's why it's important to start by eliminating answers that simply CANNOT work because they break a rule we can cite or because the meaning they create makes no sense. The GMAT will often present correct answers that don't feel quite right--think of that as the "protective camouflage" that prevents these answers from being spotted too easily.


Is the use of "flow out" not redundant? "from" rural "to" urban already shows this. What is the need for "out". We can simply use flow out no?

Please halp.
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DmitryFarber
Since our only fixed portion is at the end of the sentence, I started by looking for a way to connect our underlined portion to "out of a total population of . . . " We basically need a ratio statement: "There are 5 million out of a total population of 116 million."

A and B give us a verb phrase--"are still in Japan." This makes "out of . . . 116" a modifier for that verb phrase, and this makes no sense.
C says that the households *are* 5 million. Households can't be a number. Also, since 5 million is a number of households and not people, the comparison that follows ends up rather jumbled. It almost sounds like the households are 5 million people.
E's trouble is a bit more subtle. What the official explanation is getting at is that we don't want to say "Despite X, still Y happens." We should say "Despite X, Y happens" or "X happens, but still Y happens."


Hi Farber!
What do you mean by "Households can't be a number"? Can you please elaborate a bit more?

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Besides idioms,

A,B seem to mean, the 5 million are in Japan but the 111(116-5) million are not.
C should be corrected to "the number of Japan's farm households"
D is correct
E: "still there are" and "there are still" don't exactly describe the same intention.

Hi philwei!
Why should C be corrected to "the number of Japan's farm households"? What is wrong with using the verb "to be" with "households"?
Thanks !!

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Is C wrong purely from idiom perspective? I marked the correct choice too. But want to know is that the sole reason?

The only problem that I could see in C that makes it outright wrong is the use of "are" with "household". Any "be" verb is followed by a predicate that defines/describes the subject. Here "5 million" cannot define/describe "households".

Cheers!

Hi Godot!
Could you please explain more in detail why "5 million" cannot define/describe "households"?

Thanks!

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ERROR ANALYSIS -

1) 'In despite' - wrong
2) from - into - use is wrong, from - to is the correct combination

ANSWER CHOICE ANALYSIS -

A) INCORRECT
B) Use of 'from-into' - incorrect
C) Use of 'from-into' - incorrect
D) CORRECT
E) Use of 'from-into' - incorrect
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deep31993
Is C wrong purely from idiom perspective? I marked the correct choice too. But want to know is that the sole reason?

The only problem that I could see in C that makes it outright wrong is the use of "are" with "household". Any "be" verb is followed by a predicate that defines/describes the subject. Here "5 million" cannot define/describe "households".

Cheers!

Hi Godot!
Could you please explain more in detail why "5 million" cannot define/describe "households"?

Thanks!

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Hey louis3092
"Japan’s farm households are still nearly 5 million" is wrong because you cannot say that the farm households are 5 million. How can houses be 5 million? The farm households can be rich, poor, etc (basically any adjective that makes sense). If you want to portray the number of households, the construction needs to be different.

Think about this, if I want to tell you that I have 2 cars. Does this sentence make sense - "My cars are 2" ? No, it does not. This example is obviously much simpler and would probably never show up on the GMAT, but the point is still the same.
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In despite of the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, nearly 5 million farm households are still in Japan out of a total population of some 116 million people.

(A) In despite of the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, nearly 5 million farm households are still in Japan

(B) In spite of the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, nearly 5 million farm households are still in Japan

(C) Despite the steady population flow from rural areas into urban clusters, Japan’s farm households are still nearly 5 million

(D) Despite the steady population flow from rural areas to urban clusters, there are still nearly 5 million farm households in Japan

(E) In Japan, despite the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, still there are nearly 5 million farm households


SC32561.01

Hi Experts

GMATNinja VeritasKarishma EducationAisle ChrisLele mikemcgarry AjiteshArun egmat sayantanc2k RonPurewal DmitryFarber MagooshExpert avigutman EMPOWERgmatVerbal MartyTargetTestPrep ExpertsGlobal5 IanStewart
other experts AnthonyRitz

I opt out D because I thought , there is modifier issue in D
Despite the steady population flow from rural areas to urban clusters, there are still nearly 5 million farm households in Japan

I thought the bold face should be followed by "In Japan" and flowing out of people is happening in japan
So sentence should be

Despite the steady population flow from rural areas to urban clusters, In Japan there are still nearly 5 million farm households ...

And because of this reason I choose option E which says

In Japan, despite the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, still there are nearly 5 million farm households

Let's remove the bold face part so it becomes "In Japan still till there are nearly 5 million farm households"
Placement of still might not sound good but I thought this is the best option

Can you please help me?
Thanks
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Vatsal7794
BillyZ
In despite of the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, nearly 5 million farm households are still in Japan out of a total population of some 116 million people.

(A) In despite of the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, nearly 5 million farm households are still in Japan

(B) In spite of the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, nearly 5 million farm households are still in Japan

(C) Despite the steady population flow from rural areas into urban clusters, Japan’s farm households are still nearly 5 million

(D) Despite the steady population flow from rural areas to urban clusters, there are still nearly 5 million farm households in Japan

(E) In Japan, despite the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, still there are nearly 5 million farm households


SC32561.01

Hi Experts

GMATNinja VeritasKarishma EducationAisle ChrisLele mikemcgarry AjiteshArun egmat sayantanc2k RonPurewal DmitryFarber MagooshExpert avigutman EMPOWERgmatVerbal MartyTargetTestPrep ExpertsGlobal5 IanStewart
other experts AnthonyRitz

I opt out D because I thought , there is modifier issue in D
Despite the steady population flow from rural areas to urban clusters, there are still nearly 5 million farm households in Japan

I thought the bold face should be followed by "In Japan" and flowing out of people is happening in japan
So sentence should be

Despite the steady population flow from rural areas to urban clusters, In Japan there are still nearly 5 million farm households ...

And because of this reason I choose option E which says

In Japan, despite the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, still there are nearly 5 million farm households

Let's remove the bold face part so it becomes "In Japan still till there are nearly 5 million farm households"
Placement of still might not sound good but I thought this is the best option

Can you please help me?
Thanks

Hello Vatsal7794,

We hope this finds you well.

Having gone through the question and your query, we believe we can resolve your doubt.

There is no reason why the "Despite..." phrase must directly modify "in Japan", as the "Despite" phrase acts upon the following clause as a whole.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
Experts' Global Team
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Vatsal7794
BillyZ
In despite of the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, nearly 5 million farm households are still in Japan out of a total population of some 116 million people.

(A) In despite of the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, nearly 5 million farm households are still in Japan

(B) In spite of the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, nearly 5 million farm households are still in Japan

(C) Despite the steady population flow from rural areas into urban clusters, Japan’s farm households are still nearly 5 million

(D) Despite the steady population flow from rural areas to urban clusters, there are still nearly 5 million farm households in Japan

(E) In Japan, despite the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, still there are nearly 5 million farm households


SC32561.01

Hi Experts

GMATNinja VeritasKarishma EducationAisle ChrisLele mikemcgarry AjiteshArun egmat sayantanc2k RonPurewal DmitryFarber MagooshExpert avigutman EMPOWERgmatVerbal MartyTargetTestPrep ExpertsGlobal5 IanStewart
other experts AnthonyRitz

I opt out D because I thought , there is modifier issue in D
Despite the steady population flow from rural areas to urban clusters, there are still nearly 5 million farm households in Japan

I thought the bold face should be followed by "In Japan" and flowing out of people is happening in japan
So sentence should be

Despite the steady population flow from rural areas to urban clusters, In Japan there are still nearly 5 million farm households ...

And because of this reason I choose option E which says

In Japan, despite the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, still there are nearly 5 million farm households

Let's remove the bold face part so it becomes "In Japan still till there are nearly 5 million farm households"
Placement of still might not sound good but I thought this is the best option

Can you please help me?
Thanks

Hello Vatsal7794,

We hope this finds you well.

Having gone through the question and your query, we believe we can resolve your doubt.

There is no reason why the "Despite..." phrase must directly modify "in Japan", as the "Despite" phrase acts upon the following clause as a whole.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
Experts' Global Team

Thanks for the reply ExpertsGlobal5

It's always the case that Despite will modify whole clause?
And also the sentence has only one independent clause with no dependent clause
Subject is "there" and verb is "are" for the independent clause . But what there is referring? Is it "Japan"?
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Vatsal7794


Thanks for the reply ExpertsGlobal5

It's always the case that Despite will modify whole clause?
And also the sentence has only one independent clause with no dependent clause
Subject is "there" and verb is "are" for the independent clause . But what there is referring? Is it "Japan"?

Hello Vatsal7794,

We hope this finds you well.

"Despite" is used to indicate the contrast between two actions, so it will typically modify an entire clause, conveying that the action described in the clause occurred even though some other factor was present. Further, in this sentence, "there" is a placeholder pronoun; placeholder pronouns are those that do not refer directly to a noun in the sentence, rather they refer to "that/who/whether" clauses.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
Experts' Global Team
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You can rule out E because it talks about the "steady population flow out from rural areas" instead of just the "steady population flow from rural areas".

It can be useful at times to ignore parts of a sentence to better understand the sentence's structure, as you did with your boldfaced text, but when the boldfaced text contains an error, other structural considerations don't matter -- the answer is wrong.
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In despite of the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, nearly 5 million farm households are still in Japan out of a total population of some 116 million people.

(A) In despite of the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, nearly 5 million farm households are still in Japan
in despite is off colour and not the right idiom , in addition the population of 116 million have no reference as of whether it's indicating Japan or some other part of the world clubbed with Japan therefore out

(B) In spite of the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, nearly 5 million farm households are still in Japan
Idiom is fine , into rural areas is a issue along with the flaws of A therefore out

(C) Despite the steady population flow from rural areas into urban clusters, Japan’s farm households are still nearly 5 million
Right idiom usage , however the comparison of the population is off we have no clue as of to the population is that of Japan or someother region therefore out

(D) Despite the steady population flow from rural areas to urban clusters, there are still nearly 5 million farm households in Japan
THe meaning and idiom is perfect therefore let us hang on to it

(E) In Japan, despite the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters, still there are nearly 5 million farm households
flow out from is redudant therefore out

THerefore IMO D
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Hi GMATGuruNY -

you mentioned in this post here -- Expletive pronouns (aka - placeholder pronouns or dummy pronouns) have some kind of referrant.

On the GMAT -- referrants are normally 'THAT clauses' as seen in your examples in the post

In this question - in the OA - D -- isn't there a placeholder pronoun ?

If so, what is the referrant to there in option D, you think ?
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