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Premise: For resolving international conflicts victim nation should demand conditions that need to be met by defendant nation before negotiations begin.

Conclusion: If all countries behave in this manner no negotiation would begin between countries.

Argument basis is that negotiations could resolve conflicts but for that negotiations must start first.

A. No country truly acts in accordance with this method of international conflict resolution. – WRONG. This is close. If no country acts according to the method there’s no point in discussing the argument then. Irrelevant.

B. In conflict resolution, no country should announce conditions for negotiations. – WRONG. If countries don’t put conditions at first does argument says countries would be successful in starting negotiations. No, can’t be said.

C. International conflicts should be settled by an objective international third party. – WRONG. Irrelevant.

D. No country in conflict with another country will meet any of that country's demands in advance of beginning negotiations. – CORRECT. If countries meet the demands in advance than argument fails to hold true. Thus correct.

E. Countries place conditions on negotiation so that those negotiations might ultimately be successful. – WRONG. This might be true but it is irrelevant as assumption for argument still remain same.

IMO Answer (D).
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IMO it is D. Because it gives the reason that no country will meet conditions in advance and without that negotiations will not start.

Professor: in one method of international conflict resolution, a nation that perceives itself to have been wronged by another nation should demand that conditions be met by the wrongdoing nation before negotiations between both parties can begin. If all countries behaved according to this method, countries in conflict would never succeed in beginning negotiations.

D. No country in conflict with another country will meet any of that country's demands in advance of beginning negotiations.
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Bunuel

Competition Mode Question



Professor: in one method of international conflict resolution, a nation that perceives itself to have been wronged by another nation should demand that conditions be met by the wrongdoing nation before negotiations between both parties can begin. If all countries behaved according to this method, countries in conflict would never succeed in beginning negotiations.

The professor's argument relies on which of the following assumptions?

A. No country truly acts in accordance with this method of international conflict resolution.

B. In conflict resolution, no country should announce conditions for negotiations.

C. International conflicts should be settled by an objective international third party.

D. No country in conflict with another country will meet any of that country's demands in advance of beginning negotiations.

E. Countries place conditions on negotiation so that those negotiations might ultimately be successful.

Official Explanation



Reading the question: with a quasi-syllogistic argument, this prompt may succumb to term matching. The last sentence is the conclusion. What terms in there are not matched properly to the evidence?



"Beginning negotiations" is properly matched. "This method," while vague on its own, is well matched with a reference on the other side. But "countries at conflict" does not precisely match with "a nation that perceives itself to have been wronged." Those two things are not necessarily the same. For example, the argument appears to assume that all countries in conflict perceive themselves to have been wronged by another nation. We have our filter.

Applying the filter leaves us with (D), which is similar to our filter, as it involves nations being standoffish always.

Logical proof: we can use the negation test. What if countries generally do meet other countries' demands in advance of beginning negotiations? Well, then, the argument would be quite wrong--countries would generally meet each other's demands, and then they would, in fact, start negotiations. The argument breaks if (D) is false; therefore, the argument indeed assumes that (D) is true.

The correct answer is (D).

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