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24 Aug 2017, 06:24
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In many so-called "pro-drop" or "pronoun-drop" languages, verbs
inflect for number and person. In other words, by adding a prefix or suffix
or by changing in some other way, the verb itself indicates whether the
subject is singular or plural, as well as whether the subject is first person (/
or we), second person (you), or third person (he, she, it, or they). For example,
in Portuguese, which is at least partially a pro-drop language, the verb fato
means "I speak": the -o at the end of the word indicates first person, singular
subject (as well as present tense). As a result, the subject pronoun eu, which
means "I" in Portuguese, does not need to be used with falo except to emphasize
who is doing the speaking.
It should be noted that not every language that drops its pronouns
inflects its verbs. Neither Chinese nor Japanese verbs, for instance, change
form at all to indicate number or person; however, personal pronouns are
regularly omitted in both speech and writing, leaving the proper meaning
to be inferred from contextual clues. Moreover, not every language
that inflects its verbs drops subject pronouns in all non-emphatic contexts.
Linguists argue about the pro-drop status of the Russian language, but there
is no doubt that, although the Russian present-tense verb govoryu ("I speak")
unambiguously indicates a first person, singular subject, it is common for
Russian speakers to express "I speak" as ya govoryu, in which ya means "I,"
without indicating either emphasis or contrast.
Nevertheless, Russian speakers do frequently drop subject and object
pronouns; one study of adult and child speech indicated a pro-drop rate of
40-80%. Moreover, personal pronouns must in fact be dropped in some
Russian sentences in order to convey particular meanings. It seems safe to
conjecture that languages whose verbs inflect unambiguously for person
and number permit pronoun dropping, if only under certain circumstances,
in order to accelerate communication without loss of meaning. After all, in
these languages, both the subject pronoun and the verb inflection convey
the same information, so there is no real need both to include the subject
pronoun and to inflect the verb
inflect for number and person. In other words, by adding a prefix or suffix
or by changing in some other way, the verb itself indicates whether the
subject is singular or plural, as well as whether the subject is first person (/
or we), second person (you), or third person (he, she, it, or they). For example,
in Portuguese, which is at least partially a pro-drop language, the verb fato
means "I speak": the -o at the end of the word indicates first person, singular
subject (as well as present tense). As a result, the subject pronoun eu, which
means "I" in Portuguese, does not need to be used with falo except to emphasize
who is doing the speaking.
It should be noted that not every language that drops its pronouns
inflects its verbs. Neither Chinese nor Japanese verbs, for instance, change
form at all to indicate number or person; however, personal pronouns are
regularly omitted in both speech and writing, leaving the proper meaning
to be inferred from contextual clues. Moreover, not every language
that inflects its verbs drops subject pronouns in all non-emphatic contexts.
Linguists argue about the pro-drop status of the Russian language, but there
is no doubt that, although the Russian present-tense verb govoryu ("I speak")
unambiguously indicates a first person, singular subject, it is common for
Russian speakers to express "I speak" as ya govoryu, in which ya means "I,"
without indicating either emphasis or contrast.
Nevertheless, Russian speakers do frequently drop subject and object
pronouns; one study of adult and child speech indicated a pro-drop rate of
40-80%. Moreover, personal pronouns must in fact be dropped in some
Russian sentences in order to convey particular meanings. It seems safe to
conjecture that languages whose verbs inflect unambiguously for person
and number permit pronoun dropping, if only under certain circumstances,
in order to accelerate communication without loss of meaning. After all, in
these languages, both the subject pronoun and the verb inflection convey
the same information, so there is no real need both to include the subject
pronoun and to inflect the verb
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24 Aug 2017, 06:46
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Please follow the rules for posting in verbal section
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Archived Topic
Hi there,
This topic has been closed and archived due to inactivity or violation of community quality standards. No more replies are possible here.
Where to now? Join ongoing discussions on thousands of quality questions in our Reading Comprehension (RC) Forum
Still interested in this question? Check out the "Best Topics" block above for a better discussion on this exact question, as well as several more related questions.
Thank you for understanding, and happy exploring!
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