Reared apart from each other, a recent United States study showed

Question

Reared apart from each other, a recent United States study showed striking similarities in identical twins, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior .

(A) Reared apart from each other, a recent United States study showed striking similarities in identical twins, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior.
(B) Reared apart from each other, striking similarities between identical twins that include many idiosyncrasies of behavior were shown in a recent United States study.
(C) A recent United States study showed striking similarities in identical twins reared apart from each other that include many idiosyncrasies of behavior.
(D) According to a recent United States study, identical twins reared apart from each other showed striking similarities, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior.
(E) According to a recent United States study, identical twins showed striking similarities reared apart from each other, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior.

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Helium · Answer

This question is all about meaning. If one reads for meaning only D stands.

Ans : D

rraman · Answer

This question seems to be all about meaning, lets first try to understand the meaning: The statement is trying to say that in a recent study it has been found that he identical twins which are reared apart from each other shows many similarities which includes idio whatever behavior.

Reared apart from each other, a recent United States study showed striking similarities in identical twins, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior .

(A)  Reared apart from each other , a recent United States study showed striking similarities in identical twins, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior. -> modifier reared apart should modify the twins not the study
(B)  Reared apart from each other , striking similarities between identical twins that include many idiosyncrasies of behavior were shown in a recent United States study. -> modifier reared apart should modify the twins not the striking similarities
(C) A recent United States study showed striking similarities in identical twins reared apart from each other  that  include many idiosyncrasies of behavior.
(D) According to a recent United States study, identical twins  reared apart from each other  showed striking similarities,  including  many idiosyncrasies of behavior. ->  This is the correct on modifier reared apart is correctly modifying the twins and also -ING including is correctly referring to the modified action 'showed' and the correct noun 'twins' 
(E) According to a recent United States study, identical twins showed  striking similarities reared apart from each other , including many idiosyncrasies of behavior. -> modifier reared apart should modify the twins not the similarities

mbadream2020 · Answer

(A) Reared apart from each other, a recent United States study showed striking similarities in identical twins, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior. -  modifier placed wrong.Here 'reared apart from each other' modifier is compared to a study....incorrect option

(B) Reared apart from each other, striking similarities between identical twins that include many idiosyncrasies of behavior were shown in a recent United States study.

(C) A recent United States study showed striking similarities in identical twins reared apart from each other that include many idiosyncrasies of behavior.

Please guide if I am understanding this wrong. Option C is wrong because of ambiguity created due to "striking similarities". C is not wrong because of "that include" in the end.

Please help. Thanks is advance and kudos to follow

(D) According to a recent United States study, identical twins reared apart from each other showed striking similarities, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior. -  comma +ing modifier refers back to the striking similarities shown by the twins.....this is the best option and hence correct...

(E) According to a recent United States study, identical twins showed striking similarities reared apart from each other, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior. -  misplaced modifier and wrong placing of "reared apart" away from the noun it is meant to modify.....incorrect option

IMO D

Skywalker18 · Answer

Reared apart from each other, a recent United States study showed striking similarities in identical twins, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior .

(A) Reared apart from each other, a recent United States study showed striking similarities in identical twins, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior. - Modifier issue - a study was not reared apart from each other
(B) Reared apart from each other, striking similarities between identical twins that include many idiosyncrasies of behavior were shown in a recent United States study. - same as A
(C) A recent United States study showed striking similarities in identical twins reared apart from each other that include many idiosyncrasies of behavior. - That include is too far from striking similarities
(D) According to a recent United States study, identical twins reared apart from each other showed striking similarities, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior. - Correct
(E) According to a recent United States study, identical twins showed striking similarities reared apart from each other, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior. - modifier "reared apart from each other" should be near the modifier entity twins; including is far from the modified entity striking similarities

Answer D

Only1 · Answer

'Reared apart from each other ' modifies 'identical twins ' which is not the case in option A and B. Hence eliminated. Option C and E are the cases of misplaced Modifier ' include many idiosyncrasies of behavior.'. In both the options, it is modifying 'each other ' but not the ' striking similarities '. Hence eliminated. Correct option D. Give Kudos if you find this helpful. Happy to Help

warrior1991 · Answer

Modifier issue.  a recent United States study  is not reared apart from each other. Incorrect.

Modifier issue.  striking similarities   are not reared apart from each other. Incorrect.

Change in meaning.  That  has an incorrect reference.It incorrectly refers to twins reared apart. Incorrect.

This is correct structure.

similarities are not reared apart from each other

IMO D.

Kash2Smash · Answer

Reared apart from each other, a recent United States study showed striking similarities in identical twins, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior.

Misplaced modifier. IMO, you look at this and what immediately hits you is that the sentence isn't structured properly. "including many..." also seems like a run-on sentence to me here. I'd find this incorrect.

Same as A, the 'meaning' element is missing from this answer choice.

It starts with "A recent" and I think the sentence should be more in simple present. Not sure if 'showed' is correct here. Secondly, 'that' reference seems incorrect.

The best construction thus far, so let's keep this in the race. 'Reared apart' in this sentence is also correctly modifying the twins.

'Reared apart' is incorrectly modifying striking similarities. It should be modifying the twins though.

Correct Answer:  D

This is my first time posting a SC breakdown like this, especially on the Gmat Club. Do tell whether the thought process is correct. Thanks!

aragonn · Answer

Official Explanation: 
Choices A, B, C, and E all contain errors of modification. The phrase reared apart from each other is intended to describe the twins, but grammatically it modifies the nearest noun phrase. Thus, in A, it illogically describes a recent study, and, in B and E, it illogically describes striking simi larities. In C, the adjective clause that include many idiosyn crasies of behavior is awkwardly and confusingly separated from its antecedent, similarities. Only D, the best choice, presents a logical and clear statement.

jrk23 · Answer

i wanted to ask "what is the subject of action Verb " showed"....." i think its study not the twins ....but in "C" its correct .... i know we have other error in "c" but please let me know what is the subject for " Showed" ....

As per me its the study that showed the similarities...

Thanks in advance

#gmatninja

AdityaHongunti · Answer

jrk23

The intended meaning of the sentece suggests us that the study showed something !! what is that something?? IT IS THE PHENOMENON and not some particular. 
The study showed that IT reared part from each other actually have striking similarities..first of all why is the author saying that it is striking?? because if two beings are raised apart from each other we might expect different behaviorial tendencices but the study showed otherwise...now the study did not actually show the "Similarities" but it showed a finding/phenomenon that Identical twins reared apart from each other showed Similafrities...

(C) A recent United States study showed striking similarities in identical twins reared apart from each other that include many idiosyncrasies of behavior.
- IN this option the study actually shows similarities in IT ...by placing the noun (twins) and its modifiers reared apart from each other in a latter modifieeri part we are emphasizing on just the "Similarities" ..but we loose the main emphaisis " identical twins reared apart from each other" ...see " in identical twons....." is modifiying "striking similarities" ..so the latter part becomes additional info ..but this construtions downplays that actual emphaisis !

(D) According to a recent United States study, identical twins reared apart from each other showed striking similarities, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior.

This sentence promotes the main highlight of the study "identical twins reared apart from each other" and then tells us what they found..see by forst proiding context (IT reared apart) the author then provides the main info..by providing the context first we get to know why the study findings were acually great "Striking" ...

If this explanation does not suffice please let me know

PAVANIJOSHI374 · Answer

Hi,

I have a doubt regarding option D.
As i understand, -ing modifiers either modify preceding noun(w/o comma) or modify preceding clause( by either explaining the 'how' or the 'result' aspect of the sentence.
As per this choice, including should modify similiarities, but is rather modifying 'studies', hence I was hesitant in selecting this choice, although I can clearly see that the other choices are incorrect.
Is there any flaw in my understanding??
Any help would be appreciated.
Thanks!!

daagh · Answer

Pavan
Hi

We might notice a new dimension of the word 'including' here. We mostly see a verb+ing participle when preceded by a comma as an adverbial modifier modifying the subject and more importantly its action.

As per that tenet, 'including' in the given context of D does not modify the identical twins showing striking similarities. On the contrary, it is modifying the similarities.

However, the word 'including' may not modify 'studies' or 'study' and it doesn't mean much to say that the study included many idiosyncrasies.

The new dimension of the word 'including' is that it is acting as a preposition and the prepositional phrase acts as an adjectival modifier modifying the noun "similarities" in front. As per grammar, a prepositional modifier can be either adjectival or adverbial.

An adjectival prepositional modifier in such cases duly answers the question 'which' and in D, which answers the question 'similarities'.

For further info, please refer to this link

<https://www.thefreedictionary.com/including>

btrg · Answer

(C) A recent United States study showed striking similarities in identical twins reared apart from each other that include many idiosyncrasies of behavior.

Please guide if I am understanding this wrong. Option C is wrong because of ambiguity created due to "striking similarities". C is not wrong because of "that include" in the end.

Please help. Thanks is advance and kudos to follow

AjiteshArun · Answer

The ambiguity is due to the way  that include  has been positioned so far away from what it refers to ( striking similarities ).

C   A recent United States study showed  striking similarities  in identical twins reared apart from each other   that  include many idiosyncrasies of behavior .

D   According to a recent United States study, identical twins reared apart from each other showed  striking similarities ,   including  many idiosyncrasies of behavior .

The  including  is much closer to  striking similarities  in D than  that include  is to  striking similarities  in C.

btrg · Answer

Thanks for prompt reply. One query on your explanation that is we have seen some correct examples in gmat where pronouns refer to something which way back in the sentence. So is it in this case that it refers to something else also or just the distance between them is the issue.

Posted from my mobile device

AjiteshArun · Answer

That's a very good question, and it is one of the things that seem to call for different approaches in different questions. My recommendation is that we recognize that we shouldn't look at a  that  as being a  great  way to do something just because it  can  do something. Because we have to choose the  best  of the 5 options given to us, we should incorporate things like ambiguity as well.

Take a look at  this post.  It links to an official question in which a  that  makes exactly the kind of jump you mentioned. We need to be prepared for questions like that (although they aren't very common), but we should also recognize that in a  lot  of other questions, we'll have to remove an option for ambiguity.

rnn · Answer

is positioning of the "that include" the only reason this answer choice is incorrect? can you kindly share other examples where this would be incorrect please?

AjiteshArun · Answer

Possibly. It's acceptable to say things like "a study showed a connection between..." so even that is not really a split. It'd be good to get some more opinions on this though.

As for another example, maybe we could take a look at  this question , though it's not an exact match.

The World Wildlife Fund has declared that global warming,  a phenomenon  most scientists agree   that  is caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings , will create havoc among migratory birds by altering the environment in ways harmful to their habitats.

btrg · Answer

AjiteshArun  Thanks for examples. One more thing; Which one Can I take away from this discussion, or none.

1. "modifiers should be closest to the noun/noun phrase" they are modifying or 
2. "they should always be preceded by noun/noun phrase and cannot be placed anywhere else if there intended meaning was to modify that noun/noun phrase".

I understand that there are some cases such as "Standing at the gate, John was stung by a scorpion". Here Standing is far away from John but still it makes sense.

Reared apart from each other, a recent United States study showed

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GMAT Sentence Correction (SC - EA only) Questions

Reared apart from each other, a recent United States study showed

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