Irrespective of which food caused the sickness, someone doesn't like the food which had a distinctive flavor. The argument applies the rule to explain the reason for children to develop aversion towards some foods.
A. Children are more likely than adults to be given meals composed of foods lacking especially distinctive flavors. - Incorrect - Out of scope.
B. Children are less likely than adults to see a connection between their health and the foods they eat - Incorrect - Out of scope
C. Children tend to have more acute taste and to become sick more often than adults do - Correct - The argument talks about sickness and taste. This option strengthens the argument by stating that children have the ability to perceive taste and children fall sick.
D. Children typically recover more slowly than adults do from sickness caused by food - Incorrect - Out of scope
E. Children are more likely than are adults to refuse to eat unfamiliar foods. - Incorrect - Children may refuse to eat unfamiliar foods. But it does not strengthen the reason for taste aversion mentioned in the argument.
Answer: C