Let us look at the answer options -
A - Incorrect.
Note that coordinating conjunctions such as and/but require parallelism.
"The ‘lazy’ bees ... usually contribute little to the activities of the hive, but
working as hard as the remaining"
"working" is not parallel to anything on the left-hand-side of "but".
Also, note that we generally do not use commas to separate two phrases separated by a coordinating conjunction. We use commas to separate two clauses.
For example - she is smart
but lazy.
In many nations, criminal law does not apply to corporations
, but in the United Stated today, a corporation commits a crime whenever one of its employees commits a crime.
B - Incorrect.
there are two main verbs in the clause -
"The ‘lazy’ bees
account for almost 80 percent of the bee hive population usually
contribute little to the activities of the hive".
C - Incorrect.
"The ‘lazy’ bees ... usually contribute little to the activities of the hive, but
working as hard as the remaining"
"working" is not parallel to anything on the left-hand-side of "but".
D - Correct.
Note that a comma is used to separate two main clauses along with a conjunction.
"The ‘lazy’ bees ... usually contribute little to the activities of the hive
, but they work ..."
E - Incorrect.
Meaning Error.
"account for almost
80 percent of the bee hive population that usually contributes little to the activities of the hive"
this refers to 80% of those bees that contribute little, not 80% of the beehive population.