Dear Friends,
Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
AbdurRakib wrote:
The Life and Casualty Company hopes that by increasing its environmental fund revenues to $1.2 billion, that it has set aside enough to pay for environmental claims and no longer has to use its profits and capital to pay those claims bit by bit, year by year.
(A) that it has set aside enough to pay for environmental claims and no longer has
(B) enough has been set aside with which environmental claims can be paid and it will have no longer
(C) it has set aside enough for payment of environmental claims and thus no longer having
(D) enough has been set aside to pay for environmental claims, thus no longer having
(E) it has set aside enough to pay for environmental claims and will no longer have
Concepts tested here: Tenses + Parallelism + Awkwardness/Redundancy• The infinitive verb form (“to + base form of verb”) is the preferred construction for referring to the purpose/intent of an action.
• The simple future tense is used to refer to actions that will take place in the future.
• The simple present tense is used to indicate actions taking place in the current time frame, indicate habitual actions, state universal truths, and convey information that is permanent in nature.
• Any elements linked by a conjunction (“and” in this sentence) must be parallel.
A: This answer choice incorrectly uses the simple present tense verb “has” to refer to an action that will take place in the future; please remember, the simple future tense is used to refer to actions that will take place in the future, and the simple present tense is used to indicate actions taking place in the current time frame, indicate habitual actions, state universal truths, and convey information that is permanent in nature. Further, Option A redundantly uses the word “that”, rendering it awkward and needlessly wordy; this usage is redundant, as “that” can be deleted without a loss of clarity.
B: This answer choice uses the phrase “with which environmental claims can be paid” to refer to the purpose of the verb phrase “enough has been set aside”; remember, the infinitive verb form (“to + base form of verb”) is the preferred construction for referring to the purpose/intent of an action. Further, Option B uses the passive voice construction “enough has been set aside”, leading to awkwardness and redundancy.
C: This answer choice incorrectly uses the present participle (“verb+ing” – “having” in this sentence) to refer to an action that will take place in the future; please remember, the simple future tense is used to refer to actions that will take place in the future. Further, Option C fails to maintain parallelism between “it has set aside enough for payment of environmental claims” and “no longer having to to use its profits...by year”; remember, any elements linked by a conjunction (“and” in this sentence) must be parallel. Additionally, Option C uses the phrase “for payment” to refer to the purpose of the action “set aside”; remember, the infinitive verb form (“to + base form of verb”) is the preferred construction for referring to the purpose/intent of an action.
D: This answer choice incorrectly uses the present participle (“verb+ing” – “having” in this sentence) to refer to an action that will take place in the future; please remember, the simple future tense is used to refer to actions that will take place in the future. Further, Option D uses the passive voice construction “enough has been set aside”, leading to awkwardness and redundancy.
E: Correct. This answer choice correctly uses the simple future tense verb “will…have” to refer to an action that will take place in the future. Further, Option E maintains parallelism between “has set aside enough to pay for environmental claims” and “will no longer have to use its profits...by year”. Additionally, Option E uses the infinitive verb form (“to + base form of verb” – “to + pay” in this sentence) to refer to the purpose/intent of the action “set aside”. Besides, Option E is free of any awkwardness or redundancy.
Hence, E is the best answer choice.To understand the concept of "Simple Tenses" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~2 minutes):
All the best!
Experts' Global Team