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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 4): Urban Planner's Claim: The city plans

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Fido10

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11 Jul 2024, 16:00

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(A) Many drivers prefer to travel alone due to the flexibility and privacy it offers, even when financial incentives are offered for carpooling.
This is the correct answer choice, if the drivers are not attracted bythe only advantage offered which is financially, then the congestion will not be reduced even if the plan is implemented.

(B) The tax incentives provided for carpooling are structured to disproportionately benefit higher-income drivers, potentially leading to less participation among lower-income commuters.
In here, we do still have the commitment of the high-income people, so we still can have a decrease in congestion thanks to the carpooling plan . False

(C) Public transportation systems are likely to see an increase in use due to higher awareness of environmental issues, regardless of the carpooling initiative.
Answer is irrelevant, we're actually assessing the impact of the incentive on the congestion. False

(D) Most traffic congestion is due to commercial vehicles, which are not affected by carpooling incentives as they cannot realistically share vehicle space.
if most traffic congestion is due to commercial vehicles, we can still have improvement since not ALL traffic is caused by this category. False

(E) The tax incentives for carpooling will initially cost the city a significant amount in lost tax revenue, which could have been used for other traffic reduction measures.

Irrelevant, We're not interested in how to spend , but rather wether the incentive is going to help reducing congestion. False

Correct answer is A

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11 Jul 2024, 16:16

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Which of the following, if true, raises the most serious doubt regarding the effectiveness of the city's plan to decrease traffic congestion?

(A) Many drivers prefer to travel alone due to the flexibility and privacy it offers, even when financial incentives are offered for carpooling.
INCORRECT
the word many does not mean the mayority so it would not affect the city's plan to decrease traffic congestion

(B) The tax incentives provided for carpooling are structured to disproportionately benefit higher-income drivers, potentially leading to less participation among lower-income commuters.
INCORRECT
it does not explain how carpooling will not work. we do not have enough information about the amount of Lower-income commuters and if they now have car.

(C) Public transportation systems are likely to see an increase in use due to higher awareness of environmental issues, regardless of the carpooling initiative.
INCORRECT
we do not have enough information about how this increasing represents a decline in congestion by stop using cars to use public transportation.

(D) Most traffic congestion is due to commercial vehicles, which are not affected by carpooling incentives as they cannot realistically share vehicle space.
CORRECT
as commercial vehicles is the MOST responsable for the traffic congestion, any action taken by them will affect significantly the expected result as they can not share vehicle space due their nature.

(E) The tax incentives for carpooling will initially cost the city a significant amount in lost tax revenue, which could have been used for other traffic reduction measures.
INCORRECT
irrelevant with the focus on reducing traffic congestion

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Bunuel

Urban Planner's Claim: The city plans to reduce traffic congestion by implementing a carpooling initiative that encourages drivers to share rides by offering tax incentives. The plan is based on the assumption that by reducing the number of single-occupancy vehicles on the roads, overall traffic volume will decrease.

Which of the following, if true, raises the most serious doubt regarding the effectiveness of the city's plan to decrease traffic congestion?

(A) Many drivers prefer to travel alone due to the flexibility and privacy it offers, even when financial incentives are offered for carpooling.

(B) The tax incentives provided for carpooling are structured to disproportionately benefit higher-income drivers, potentially leading to less participation among lower-income commuters.

(C) Public transportation systems are likely to see an increase in use due to higher awareness of environmental issues, regardless of the carpooling initiative.

(D) Most traffic congestion is due to commercial vehicles, which are not affected by carpooling incentives as they cannot realistically share vehicle space.

(E) The tax incentives for carpooling will initially cost the city a significant amount in lost tax revenue, which could have been used for other traffic reduction measures.

A - 'many' can translate to a small percentage of people. This fraction of people might not be significant enough to cause a congestion.

B - We do not know what percentage of the congestion is by people from lower income groups.

C - irrelevant

D - This definitely weakens the claim. Most = more than 50%.

E - irrelevent

OPTION D

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(A) This directly challenges the assumption that drivers will choose to carpool if incentivized, suggesting that the plan may not significantly reduce single-occupancy vehicles.
(B) This raises concerns about equitable participation but does not fundamentally challenge the overall effectiveness of the plan to reduce traffic congestion.
(C) This could complement the carpooling initiative and actually support the goal of reducing traffic congestion.
(D) Correct. This is a strong challenge because it suggests that the plan might not address a significant portion of the traffic problem. If commercial vehicles are the main cause of congestion, the carpooling initiative will have limited impact.
(E) While this raises a valid point about the allocation of resources, it doesn't directly challenge the effectiveness of the plan in reducing traffic congestion.

Answer D

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Plan- The city plans to reduce traffic congestion by implementing a carpooling initiative

Assumption - By reducing the number of single-occupancy vehicles on the roads, overall traffic volume will decrease.
(X cause Y)

Something else causes by will raise doubts on the efficacy of the plan

Option-D say, most traffic congestion is due to commercial vehicles, which do not have space to share.

Ans-D

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Reducing single occupancy
Vehicle will reduce traffic jam. ← in the conclusion we will have to weaken.

Option (d) states that most of the jam is due to commercial vehicle not single occupancy vehicle, thus ever if we reduce single occupancy vehicles it might not solve problem and hence weakens the conclusion

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If people riding in commerical cars can not use carpol system, the plan fails. The number of vehicles on road will stay the same.

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A) Many drivers prefer to travel alone due to the flexibility and privacy it offers, even when financial incentives are offered for carpooling._they will not use it hence it won’t reduce the traffic

(B) The tax incentives provided for carpooling are structured to disproportionately benefit higher-income drivers, potentially leading to less participation among lower-income commuters._Trap answer, out

(C) Public transportation systems are likely to see an increase in use due to higher awareness of environmental issues, regardless of the carpooling initiative._OOS

(D) Most traffic congestion is due to commercial vehicles, which are not affected by carpooling incentives as they cannot realistically share vehicle space._OOS

(E) The tax incentives for carpooling will initially cost the city a significant amount in lost tax revenue, which could have been used for other traffic reduction measures._OOS

Posted from my mobile device

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The planner's claim is, the traffic congestion can be reduced by lowering the number of single-occupancy vehicles. For this s/he wishes to implement carpooling.

To weaken/ make the proposal seriously doubtful, we need to find the option where the proposal of carpooling will fail.

Let's analyze the options:

(A) Many drivers prefer to travel alone due to the flexibility and privacy it offers, even when financial incentives are offered for carpooling. - This should not affect much. Not most drivers (many doesn't mean majority or most) will let go of financial incentives.

(B) The tax incentives provided for carpooling are structured to disproportionately benefit higher-income drivers, potentially leading to less participation among lower-income commuters.
(E) The tax incentives for carpooling will initially cost the city a significant amount in lost tax revenue, which could have been used for other traffic reduction measures.
Not relevant as it mentions a difficulty and criticism, but doesn't make the proposal idea look doubtful. The main logic of reducing traffic still holds.

(C) Public transportation systems are likely to see an increase in use due to higher awareness of environmental issues, regardless of the carpooling initiative.
This kind of strengthens the proposal.

(D) Most traffic congestion is due to commercial vehicles, which are not affected by carpooling incentives as they cannot realistically share vehicle space.
This option directly affects the main logic behind the proposal. Carpooling can't be realistically implemented with commercial vehicles. Since the no of vehicles will remain mostly same, as most of the congestion is due to the commercial vehicles, this option if true will cast serious doubts on the proposal.

Correct Option: D

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11 Jul 2024, 19:18

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Inference question.
A --> Correct, because it will mean that people won't prefer to carpool, thus the plan not being efficient.
B --> Irrelevant, it does not talk about high and low income
C --> Out of scope, does not talk about public transport
D --> while tempting, the plan refers specifically to single occupation, so commercial vehicles does not matter for the plan
E --> Irrelevant

Answer is A

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11 Jul 2024, 19:29

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(A) Many drivers prefer to travel alone due to the flexibility and privacy it offers, even when financial incentives are offered for carpooling. - this directly challenges argument by providing alternative reason outside cost for driving alone, hence weakener. Correct

(B) The tax incentives provided for carpooling are structured to disproportionately benefit higher-income drivers, potentially leading to less participation among lower-income commuters. - kinda strengthens, plan still works even if for certain drivers.

(C) Public transportation systems are likely to see an increase in use due to higher awareness of environmental issues, regardless of the carpooling initiative. - if public transport use is going up regardless has no impact on traffic volume. Irrelevant.

(D) Most traffic congestion is due to commercial vehicles, which are not affected by carpooling incentives as they cannot realistically share vehicle space. - Although might be true, but argument is about single vehicle drivers not commercial. not relevant.

(E) The tax incentives for carpooling will initially cost the city a significant amount in lost tax revenue, which could have been used for other traffic reduction measures. - not relevant, it might still help achieve reduction in traffic volume.

Answer (A)

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11 Jul 2024, 20:20

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Stuck With Option A and D

Went with option D!

The primary motive of the Urban Planner is to reduce overall traffic volume.

(A) Many drivers prefer to travel alone due to the flexibility and privacy it offers, even when financial incentives are offered for carpooling.

i Have highlighted 'many' here. it means a significant (may or may not be majority) amount of drivers may not prefer carpooling. Therefore it may or may not be effective to implement this plan.

(D) Most traffic congestion is due to commercial vehicles, which are not affected by carpooling incentives as they cannot realistically share vehicle space.

Most means majority of traffic congestion is due to Commercial Vehicles. This implies that even if they implement this initiative, it still wont apply to commercial vehicles which is the major source of traffice congestion

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11 Jul 2024, 20:45

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Can't be D, that questions the assumption made. Not the effectiveness of the plan.
B and E talk about the tax incentives, not the plan per se.
C as well dodges the question of effectiveness, since public transport was never mentioend in the urban planner's statement.

A is the answer since it directly talks about why many drivers prefer travelling alone and will come onboard with this plan.

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(A) INCORRECT Even if many drivers prefer to travel alone, congestion can be reduced if enough people accept the carpooling initiative.
(B) INCORRECT As in (A), if enough people accept the carpooling initiative (higher-income drivers who are the most benefited and some middle or lower-income drivers), congestion can be reduced.
(C) INCORRECT We are evaluating the effectiveness of the carpooling initiative. Public transportation doesn't matter here.
(D) CORRECT If most traffic congestion is due to commercial vehicles, which are not affected by carpooling incentive, the carpooling initiative will fail to reduce traffic congestion.
(E) INCORRECT Cost of the carpooling initiative doesn't matter here, only its effectiveness.

IMO D

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11 Jul 2024, 21:14

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Bunuel

This question was provided by GMAT Club
for the GMAT Club Olympics Competition

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The most serious doubt regarding the effectiveness of the city's plan to decrease traffic congestion is raised by:

(D) Most traffic congestion is due to commercial vehicles, which are not affected by carpooling incentives as they cannot realistically share vehicle space.

This option directly challenges the core assumption of the plan—that reducing the number of single-occupancy vehicles (personal cars) will significantly reduce overall traffic congestion. If commercial vehicles are the primary cause of congestion, the carpooling initiative would not address the main source of the problem, thereby questioning the plan's overall effectiveness.

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11 Jul 2024, 21:19

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Bunuel

This question was provided by GMAT Club
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Option (D) suggests that most of the traffic jams in the city are caused by commercial vehicles like trucks and delivery vans, not by regular cars. These commercial vehicles cannot really share rides with others like regular cars can. So, even if the city encourages carpooling among regular drivers, it might not reduce the main source of traffic jams, which are these commercial vehicles.

Therefore, option (D) raises doubts about whether the city's plan to reduce traffic congestion by promoting carpooling will actually work, because it may not address the biggest cause of traffic jams in the first place.

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(A) Many drivers prefer to travel alone due to the flexibility and privacy it offers, even when financial incentives are offered for carpooling.
This directly undermines the plan's effectiveness, as it challenges the core assumption that incentives will lead to increased carpooling.

(B) The tax incentives provided for carpooling are structured to disproportionately benefit higher-income drivers, potentially leading to less participation among lower-income commuters.
Important, but it does not directly address the overall reduction of traffic volume.

(C) Public transportation systems are likely to see an increase in use due to higher awareness of environmental issues, regardless of the carpooling initiative.
Positive for traffic reduction, but doesn't challenge the carpooling initiative directly.

(D) Most traffic congestion is due to commercial vehicles, which are not affected by carpooling incentives as they cannot realistically share vehicle space.
Correct. If commercial vehicles are the main cause of congestion, the initiative won't significantly reduce traffic.

(E) The tax incentives for carpooling will initially cost the city a significant amount in lost tax revenue, which could have been used for other traffic reduction measures.
This addresses financial impact, not the plan’s effectiveness on traffic volume.

Conclusion:
(D) is the most serious doubt as it directly indicates the plan won't address the main source of congestion.

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11 Jul 2024, 21:44

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Urban Planner's Claim: The city plans to reduce traffic congestion by implementing a carpooling initiative that encourages drivers to share rides by offering tax incentives. The plan is based on the assumption that by reducing the number of single-occupancy vehicles on the roads, overall traffic volume will decrease.

Assumption: reducing the number of single-occupancy vehicles -> decrease in overall traffic volume

Which of the following, if true, raises the most serious doubt regarding the effectiveness of the city's plan to decrease traffic congestion?

(B) The tax incentives provided for carpooling are structured to disproportionately benefit higher-income drivers, potentially leading to less participation among lower-income commuters. [Irrelevant]

(C) Public transportation systems are likely to see an increase in use due to higher awareness of environmental issues, regardless of the carpooling initiative. [Irrelevant]

(E) The tax incentives for carpooling will initially cost the city a significant amount in lost tax revenue, which could have been used for other traffic reduction measures. [Irrelevant]

(A) Many drivers prefer to travel alone due to the flexibility and privacy it offers, even when financial incentives are offered for carpooling.[Direclty weakens the affectiveness of the plan to decrease congestion by providing tax incentives]

(D) Most traffic congestion is due to commercial vehicles, which are not affected by carpooling incentives as they cannot realistically share vehicle space.[This attacks the assumption that car pooling will help the traffic congestions]

Among A and D, D is a better choice as it directly negates the assumption

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Solution: The argument could be presented in the following way:

Premise: If the carpooling initiative is implemented, which will cause the number of single-occupancy cars on the road will decrease. . . .
Conclusion: . . . then the total volume of traffice will decrease

Note the question, which asks us to find a statement that challenges the "effectiveness of the city's plan." Now, we consider the choices:

(A) Many drivers prefer to travel alone due to the flexibility and privacy it offers, even when financial incentives are offered for carpooling. This is a red herring. The fact that many drivers will not buy the initiative does not mean that no one will participate in the initiative. And if people do participate, the number of cars will decrease and make the plan work.

(B) The tax incentives provided for carpooling are structured to disproportionately benefit higher-income drivers, potentially leading to less participation among lower-income commuters. We don't care if there are less rich people or poor people on the road—we just want less people on the road.

(C) Public transportation systems are likely to see an increase in use due to higher awareness of environmental issues, regardless of the carpooling initiative. Public transportation has nothing to do with the effectiveness of the carpooling initiative.

(D) Most traffic congestion is due to commercial vehicles, which are not affected by carpooling incentives as they cannot realistically share vehicle space. This matters. If this is the case, then the carpooling initiative will affect a small proportion of people and vehicles on the road, thus rendering the initiative as a tool of reducing traffic volume ineffective. Remember that we are asked to find something that raises doubt about the effectiveness of the carpooling initiative.

(E) The tax incentives for carpooling will initially cost the city a significant amount in lost tax revenue, which could have been used for other traffic reduction measures. First, we do not know how effective are "other traffice reduction measures" compared to the carpooling initiative. Second, the carpooling will only "initially" cost the city some money—in the long run, the initiative might not cost the city anything.

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11 Jul 2024, 22:48

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Bunuel

This question was provided by GMAT Club
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Need to find the option the seriously weakens the conclusion:

(A) Many drivers prefer to travel alone due to the flexibility and privacy it offers, even when financial incentives are offered for carpooling.Ok hold on, Seems -ve, So scheme has no impact.

(B) The tax incentives provided for carpooling are structured to disproportionately benefit higher-income drivers, potentially leading to less participation among lower-income commuters. So what, Irrelavant.

(C) Public transportation systems are likely to see an increase in use due to higher awareness of environmental issues, regardless of the carpooling initiative. OFS

(D) Most traffic congestion is due to commercial vehicles, which are not affected by carpooling incentives as they cannot realistically share vehicle space.Hmm, This also seems to have -ve effect.

(E) The tax incentives for carpooling will initially cost the city a significant amount in lost tax revenue, which could have been used for other traffic reduction measures. So what, Irr.

So battle is between A & D. D seems to highlight a bigger source of the pblm ,Hence plan may not be fruitful.

IMO D