Dr. Hegsted argues that just as polio vaccine is given to every person

Question

Dr. Hegsted argues that  just as polio vaccine is given to every person to protect the few who might actually contract polio , mass dietary change is needed to protect the significant number who are susceptible to the life-threatening effects of present eating habits.

(A) just as polio vaccine is given to every person to protect the few who might actually contract polio

(B) like polio vaccine, which is given to every person to protect the few who might contract polio

(C) similar to polio vaccine which is given to every person to protect the few who might actually contract polio

(D) while, to protect the few who might actually contract polio, polio vaccine is given to every person

(E) similar to the giving of polio vaccine to every person in order to protect the few who might contract polio actually

sayantanc2k · Accepted Answer

The idiom "just as.... so" is applicable when the second verb is the same as the first one used. The word "so" replaces the first verb.

Just as caffeine can boost arousal so too can vigorous walking. (example from Magoosh)
Here the word "so" replaces "boost".

However if the compared verbs are different, then "just as... so" is not applicable: The second verb needs to be mentioned specifically instead of "so".

In option A, since the verbs are different ("is given" and "is needed"), use of "so" would be wrong.

The sentence would then become:
Just as polio vaccine  is given  to every person to protect the few who might actually contract polio,  so  too is mass dietary change."

This sentence wrongly implies that mass dietary change is also given (rather than needed).

The structure of the option A is comparable to:
"(just) as + dependent clause, independent clause structure." "so" can be used within the dependent clause only if the verbs are the same.

sashikanth · Answer

'Like' is used to compare two nouns, that are quite similar
Ex: Like john, Mike has scored high
'AS' is used to compare the actions 
Here we are trying to compare the action of Polio vaccine and Mass dietary change. Hence we need to use 'as'.

x2suresh · Answer

OA should be A.

"Just as" it self is not wrong..

we are comparing clauses vs clause

in B.

Like Polio vaccine, mass dietary change is needed to protect the significant number who are susceptible to the life-threatening effects of  press eating habits .

It says  Polio vaccine  protects from .. threatening effect of  press eating habits

Clearly B is wrong.

Technext · Answer

Dr. Hegsted argues that just as polio vaccine is given to every person to protect the few who might actually contract polio, mass dietary change is needed to protect the significant number who are susceptible to the life-threatening effects of press eating habits.

Explanation :
------------------------
( A ) just as polio vaccine is given to every person to protect the few who might actually contract polio --->  IMO, ‘ just as ’ doesn’t always require ‘ so ’ . Also, ‘as’ is used correctly here for the reason mentioned below:

Like Vs. As 
 Like  – regulates noun/noun phrase/pronoun
 As  – introduces a clause

( B ) like polio vaccine, which is given to every person to protect the few who might contract polio --->  This option is totally wrong because it changes the meaning of the original sentence . This option is  actually  trying to say that “…like polio vaccine, mass dietary change is needed to protect the significant number who are susceptible to the life-threatening effects of press eating habits”.

Do you think it’s right? Obviously not!

( C ) similar to polio vaccine which is given to every person to protect the few who might actually contract polio ---> No comma before ‘which’.

( D ) while, to protect the few who might actually contract polio, polio vaccine is given to every person ---> The whole sentence looks awkward.

( E ) similar to the giving of polio vaccine to every person in order to protect the few who might contract polio actually ---> The whole sentence looks awkward.
------------------------

Hence, option  A .

Hope that helps.

Regards,
Technext

johnnymac · Answer

so the consensus is that A is correct then? B uses "like" incorrectly because it can only be used to compare nouns directly to other nouns?

BMindful · Answer

Exactly! "Like" is used to compare N. to N. "As" is used to compare clause (S+V) to clause. 
In this context, the sentence intends to compare the "polio vaccine" to "mass dietary change" in their action. 
A) Dr. Hegsted argues that just as  polio vaccine is given to every person  to protect the few who might actually contract polio,  mass dietary change is needed to protect the significant number  who are susceptible to the life-threatening effects of press eating habits.

B) Dr. Hegsted argues that  like polio vaccine , which is given to every person to protect the few who might contract polio,  mass dietary change is needed to protect the significant number  who are susceptible to the life-threatening effects of press eating habits.
If you use like in this context it implies that they are similar in terms of "polio vaccine and mass dietary change is needed to protect the significant number who are susceptible to the life-threatening ..."--> not intended meaning.

HTH

rojans · Answer

we use as in conjunction role too.
just as the men were late yesterday,the women are late today
just as ----------------------------,so too are they late today--in this we are talking about the same men.

this is the two example of comparison As in conjunction...
A--is absolutly right 
B-like is incorrect .can't follow clause
C,D,E too out

tuanquang269 · Answer

https://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/dr- ... t3605.html It's A. Choice B change the meaning of the sentence as Ron Purewal explain in Manhattan forum.

shonakshi · Answer

Is just as ----so not the correct form

so is missing in option A

CrackverbalGMAT · Answer

It is okay to skip the 'so' after 'just as'

Look at this example from GMAT -

Besides adding complementary flavors to many foods, hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's.

In this example 'just as' is used to compare two clauses - > 'exercise does' AND 'hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain'.

A is the correct answer because we are comparing two actions here - 'is given to protect the few who might contract polio' and 'is needed to protect the significant number who are susceptible ...'
B - A sentence must make perfect sense, even if the non-essential modifiers are removed. The sentence now reads -- like polio vaccine, mass dietary change is needed to protect the significant number who are susceptible to life threatening effects of poor eating habits. This option suggests that polio vaccine is needed to protect against the bad effects. Illogical.
C - 'which' is always used as non-essential modifier and thus must be separated by commas. Also, if we remove the non-essential 'which' modifier, the sentence does not make sense.
D - If we remove the non-essential modifier - 'to protect the few ...' , we get the sentence -> while polio vaccine is given to every person, mass dietary change is needed ... While can be used as - at the same time as Or whereas. Both do not make sense here.
E - 'the giving of polio vaccine' and 'mass dietary change' are not similar things.

Pasharma1 · Answer

D and E are awkward enough to just disregard.

There is a comma missing in C, before the word ‘which’.

B completely changes the meaning. Compares ‘polio vaccine’ to ‘mass dietary change’.

A is the right answer.

antartican · Answer

(D) is awkward. 
(E) is awkward and not parallel. 'Similar to the giving of..' is wordy . 'Actually' at the end of sentence is also not making sense.

Like is used for Nouns. So 'Polio Vaccine' could have been compared to 'Ketone Diet' but comparing 'Vaccine' to 'changes' is incorrect.

(B) if extra information(between 2 comma) is removed, the sentence should still make sense . 
In (B) , if the extra info is removed then the meaning will completely change. it will sound as Polio has fought against the bad eating habits.

(C) is also not parallel

SairamRamo · Answer

(A) just as polio vaccine is given to every person to protect the few who might actually contract polio
 As is used to compare verbs (polio vaccine is given vs mass dietary change)

(B) like polio vaccine, which is given to every person to protect the few who might contract polio
 like is used for nouns, LIKE A,B . But mass dietary change is not a noun

(C) similar to polio vaccine which is given to every person to protect the few who might actually contract polio
 and noun and verb cannot be compared (polio vaccine vs mass dietary change)

(D) while, to protect the few who might actually contract polio, polio vaccine is given to every person
 sentence structure is awkward

(E) similar to the giving of polio vaccine to every person in order to protect the few who might contract polio actually
 authors intent are not in parallel (i.e giving of polio & mass dietary change)

anbknaga · Answer

GMATNinja  please explain...

there are multiple explanations for "just as... so". When can I ignore the 'so' part?

Also D shows some kind of contrast, polio vaccine is is given to everyone event hough only few will get affected. So the usage of why is correct right?

ChiranjeevSingh · Answer

Here's the   official explanation   provided by the GMAC for this question:
 
The argument reported in this sentence is based on an analogy between two practices: the established practice of giving polio vaccine to people in general and the proposed practice of getting people in general to eat healthful diets. The doctor argues that because the proposed practice would fulfill a need similar to that fulfilled by the established practice, the proposed one should also become established. Parallel wording is needed to draw an effective analogy between the two. The phrasing should make it clear what is being compared to what, and in what respect.
 
 Option A:  Correct. This effectively expresses the analogy between the established practice and the proposed practice. It does so with relevantly parallel verb phrases,  polio vaccine is given  … and  mass dietary change is needed .

Option B:  With this structure, the sentence illogically indicates that polio vaccine is like mass dietary change in that both are needed to protect certain people from the effects of their eating habits.

Option C:  Without a comma after  vaccine , the ensuing phrase  which is given  appears to modify  polio vaccine  restrictively, delineating the subset of polio vaccine that is  given to every person . The intended function of  similar  is unclear. It could mean that mass dietary change is similar in some unspecified way to this subset of polio vaccine (or to polio vaccine in general) and that, furthermore, mass dietary change is needed for the mentioned purpose. Or perhaps it is mistakenly used as a synonym for  similarly . On that interpretation, the sentence illogically indicates that polio vaccine is like mass dietary change in that both are needed to protect certain people from the effects of their eating habits.

Option D:  In this usage,  while  is ambiguous. It could mean  although  or  during the time when . The commas around the phrase  to protect the few who might actually contract polio  make it function as a parenthetical bit of information about polio vaccine, so the core claim conveyed by this wording is equivalent to either (1)  although polio vaccine is given to every person, mass dietary change is needed to protect the significant number  … or (2)  during the time when polio vaccine is given to every person, mass dietary change is needed to protect the significant number . Either way, the sentence is not entirely coherent.

Option E:  This incoherently and ungrammatically draws a comparison between a noun phrase ( the giving ) and a clause ( mass dietary change is needed  … ). The placement of  actually  at the end of the phrase rather than adjacent to the verb  contract  is awkward and stilted; it would be better omitted.
 
The correct answer is A.

Please note that I'm not the author of this explanation. I'm just posting it here since I believe it can help the community.

Basshead · Answer

Dr. Hegsted argues that  just as polio vaccine is given to every person to protect the few who might actually contract polio , mass dietary change is needed to protect the significant number who are susceptible to the life-threatening effects of present eating habits.

(A) just as  polio vaccine is given  to every person to protect the few who might actually contract polio

-- Correct. We have two parallel verb phrases in 'polio vaccine is given' and 'mass dietary change is needed'.

(B)  like  polio vaccine, which is given to every person to protect the few who might contract polio

-- Like is used to compare nouns; 'mass dietary change' is not a noun.

(C) similar to polio vaccine  which  is given to every person to protect the few who might actually contract polio

-- There needs to be a comma before 'which'.

(D)  while , to protect the few who might actually contract polio, polio vaccine is given to every person

-- 'while' is not used correctly in this context.

(E) similar to  the giving of polio vaccine  to every person in order to protect the few who might contract polio actually

-- Noun phrase is not parallel to a clause (mass dietary change)

Answer is A.

sid0791 · Answer

egmat

In this question, I didn't choose A, because " might actually", "might" says probably were as "actually" says "fact/truth/really". Wouldn't using both words would create an error?

px96751 · Answer

I choose A incorrectly because of the same reasoning... Can anyone please explain why this is correct?

My process is that: use of "might actually" incorrect >>> ignored the meaning of A, so during exam, how do I avoid similar mistake happening?

Dr. Hegsted argues that just as polio vaccine is given to every person

Prep Toolkit

Top 5 GMAT Debrief Videos

615 to 715 in 15 Days (Ria's Strategies)

More than Quant/Verbal Abilities: Speed vs. Accuracy

745 with Only Self-Prep and GMAT Club

From 555 to 765: 210-point Improvement

Perfect 805 Score Debrief by Julia

My Rewards

GMAT Sentence Correction (SC - EA only) Questions

Dr. Hegsted argues that just as polio vaccine is given to every person

Prep Toolkit

615 to 715 in 15 Days (Ria's Strategies)

More than Quant/Verbal Abilities: Speed vs. Accuracy

745 with Only Self-Prep and GMAT Club

From 555 to 765: 210-point Improvement

Perfect 805 Score Debrief by Julia

My Rewards