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idinuv
Joined: 21 Mar 2013
Last visit: 05 Aug 2023
Posts: 31
Given Kudos: 56
Schools: INSEAD Jan '15 Stanford '17 HBS Haas '16 Kellogg 1YR '15
GMAT Date: 03-20-2014
Updated on: 01 Jul 2022, 11:08
Originally posted by idinuv on 19 Dec 2013, 02:37.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 01 Jul 2022, 11:08, edited 12 times in total.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 01 Jul 2022, 11:08, edited 12 times in total.
Updated complete topic (50).
Kudos
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Question 1
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
67% (02:20) correct
33%
(02:25) wrong
based on 3199
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
65%
(hard)
Question Stats:
46% (01:14) correct 54%
(01:25) wrong
based on 3110
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
78% (00:48) correct 22%
(01:04) wrong
based on 2868
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Source : GMATPrep Default Exam Pack
This passage was excerpted from material published in 1996.
When a large body strikes a planet or moon, material is ejected, thereby creating a hole in the planet and a local deficit of mass. This deficit shows up as a gravity anomaly: the removal of material that has been ejected to make the hole results in an area in slightly lower gravity than surrounding areas. One would therefore expect that all of the large multi-ring impact basins on the surface of earth's moon would show such negative gravity anomalies, since they are, essentially, large holes in lunar surface. Yet data collected in 1994 by the Clementine spacecraft show that many of these lunar basins have no anomalously low gravity and some even have anomalously high gravity. Scientists speculate that early in lunar history, when large impactors struck the moon's surface, causing millions of cubic kilometers of crustal debris to be ejected, denser material from the moon's mantle rose up beneath the impactors almost immediately, compensating for the ejected material and thus leaving no gravity anomaly in the resulting basin. Later, however, as moon grew cooler and less elastic, rebound from large impactors would have been only partial and incomplete. Thus today such gravitational compensation probably would not occur: the outer layer of moon is too cold and stiff.
When a large body strikes a planet or moon, material is ejected, thereby creating a hole in the planet and a local deficit of mass. This deficit shows up as a gravity anomaly: the removal of material that has been ejected to make the hole results in an area in slightly lower gravity than surrounding areas. One would therefore expect that all of the large multi-ring impact basins on the surface of earth's moon would show such negative gravity anomalies, since they are, essentially, large holes in lunar surface. Yet data collected in 1994 by the Clementine spacecraft show that many of these lunar basins have no anomalously low gravity and some even have anomalously high gravity. Scientists speculate that early in lunar history, when large impactors struck the moon's surface, causing millions of cubic kilometers of crustal debris to be ejected, denser material from the moon's mantle rose up beneath the impactors almost immediately, compensating for the ejected material and thus leaving no gravity anomaly in the resulting basin. Later, however, as moon grew cooler and less elastic, rebound from large impactors would have been only partial and incomplete. Thus today such gravitational compensation probably would not occur: the outer layer of moon is too cold and stiff.
1. According to the passage, the gravitational compensation referred to in the highlighted text is caused by which of the following?
(A) A deficit of mass resulting from the creation of hole in lunar surface
(B) The presence of material from the impactor in the debris created by its impact
(C) The gradual cooling and stiffening of the Moon's outer surface
(D) The ejection of massive amounts of debris from the moon's crust
(E) The rapid upwelling of material from the lunar mantle
(A) A deficit of mass resulting from the creation of hole in lunar surface
(B) The presence of material from the impactor in the debris created by its impact
(C) The gradual cooling and stiffening of the Moon's outer surface
(D) The ejection of massive amounts of debris from the moon's crust
(E) The rapid upwelling of material from the lunar mantle
2. The passage suggests that if the scientists mentioned in the highlighted text are correct in their speculations, the large multi-ring impact basins on the Moon with the most significant negative gravity anomalies probably
(A) were not formed early in the Moon's history
(B) were not formed by the massive ejection of crustal debris
(C) are closely surrounded by other impact basins with anomalously low gravity
(D) were created by the impact of multiple large impactors
(E) were formed when the moon was relatively elastic
(A) were not formed early in the Moon's history
(B) were not formed by the massive ejection of crustal debris
(C) are closely surrounded by other impact basins with anomalously low gravity
(D) were created by the impact of multiple large impactors
(E) were formed when the moon was relatively elastic
3. The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) analyzing data from a 1994 exploration of lunar surface
(B) reconciling two opposing theories about the origin of lunar impact basins
(C) presenting a possible explanation of a puzzling finding about lunar impact basins
(D) discussing how impact basins on the Moon's surface are formed
(E) examining the claim that the moon's impact basins show negative gravity anomalies
(A) analyzing data from a 1994 exploration of lunar surface
(B) reconciling two opposing theories about the origin of lunar impact basins
(C) presenting a possible explanation of a puzzling finding about lunar impact basins
(D) discussing how impact basins on the Moon's surface are formed
(E) examining the claim that the moon's impact basins show negative gravity anomalies
AdityaHongunti
Posts: 551
06 Nov 2018, 06:51
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idinuv
4 mins 46 seconds : including 2 min 10 sec reading
Divide passage in 2 paras
When a large body strikes a planet or moon, material is ejected, thereby creating a hole in the planet and a local deficit of mass. This deficit shows up as a gravity anomaly: the removal of material that has been ejected to make the hole results in an area in slightly lower gravity than surrounding areas. One would therefore expect that all of the large multi-ring impact basins on the surface of earth's moon would show such negative gravity anomalies, since they are, essentially, large holes in lunar surface. Yet data collected in 1994 by the Clementine spacecraft show that many of these Clementine basins have no anomalously low gravity and some even have anomalously high gravity.
(summary - An expected consequence of a phenomenon is challenged by recent findings.... prethinking - author may try to explain why such data was otained or he may try to put another thesis to explain the data obtained ...)
Scientists speculate that early in lunar history, when large impactors struck the moon's surface, causing millions of cubic kilometers of crustal debris to be ejected, denser material from the moon's mantle rose up beneath the impactors almost immediately, compensating for the ejected material and thus leaving no gravity anomaly in the resulting basin. Later, however, as moon grew cooler and less elastic, rebound from large impactors would have been only partial and incomplete. Thus today such gravitational compensation probably would not occur: the outer layer of moon is too cold and stiff.
(summary - an explanation to the unexpected findings... )
TOPIC - Lunar deficit.
PURPOSE- to explain the unexpected finding about a phenomenon...
Main idea - There is a possibilty that the unexpected finding may be the result of upwelling of mass from moon.
1. According to the passage, the gravitational compensation referred to in the highlighted text is caused by which of the following?
According to the passage, the gravitational compensation referred to in the highlighted text is caused by which of the following?
Relevant text - when large impactors struck the moon's surface, causing millions of cubic kilometers of crustal debris to be ejected, denser material from the moon's mantle rose up beneath the impactors almost immediately, compensating for the ejected material and thus leaving no gravity anomaly in the resulting basin. Later, however, as moon grew cooler and less elastic, rebound from large impactors would have been only partial and incomplete. Thus today such gravitational compensation probably would not occur
- When there is a hole ( deficit) , mantle rises up , and fills the void ..this phenomenon is COMPENSATION...
What causes the compensation?? - the rising of mantle...
(A) A deficit of mass resulting from the creation of hole in lunar surface
- this does not cause anything. This AC is telling about what happen when IMPACTORS collide...
(B) The presence of material from the impactor in the debris created by its impact
- The presence of material does not cause anything.. infact when the impactor makes an impact and the released debris has this material ...OOS
(C) The gradual cooling and stiffening of the Moon's outer surface
-This explains why compensation MAY not happen now
(D) The ejection of massive amounts of debris from the moon's crust
-ejection will result in debris in space... nothing else
(E) The rapid upwelling of material from the lunar mantle
- CORRECT ANSWER - rapid ( almost immediately - from passage) upwelling - see explanation...
2. The passage suggests that if the scientists mentioned in the highlighted text are correct in their speculations, the large multi-ringmpact basins on the Moon with the most significant negative gravity anomalies probably
The passage suggests that if the scientists mentioned in the highlighted text are correct in their speculations, the large multi-ring impact basins on the Moon with the most significant negative gravity anomalies probably
-relevant text - Scientists speculate that early in lunar history, when large impactors struck the moon's surface, causing millions of cubic kilometers of crustal debris to be ejected, denser material from the moon's mantle rose up beneath the impactors almost immediately, compensating for the ejected material and thus leaving no gravity anomaly in the resulting basin. Later, however, as moon grew cooler and less elastic, rebound from large impactors would have been only partial and incomplete. Thus today such gravitational compensation probably would not occur: the outer layer of moon is too cold and stiff.
speculation - impact >> deficit (void) >> mantle rises up >> NO GRAVITATIONAL ANAMOLY ...
so if this process is true what will be true??
(A) were not formed early in the Moon's history- CORRECT
Look carefully at the end of 2nd passage ( Later, however, as moon grew cooler and less elastic, rebound from large impactors would have been only partial and incomplete. Thus today such gravitational compensation probably would not occur: the outer layer of moon is too cold and stiff.) .. so this means[color=#ff0000] NOW MOON IS TOO STIFF AND COLD and hence gravitational compensation would not have happened .. if it would have happened it would be comoensated with mantle.. LOOK AT THE TIME PERIODS ... NOW - no compensation .. Earlier time - compensation possible... now the Q says there IS A LARGE DEFICIT ... so if there is a large deficit NOW then it wldnt have formed earlier , because if it did there would be compensation.. but now the moon is stiff and hence no compensation..[/color]
(B) were not formed by the massive ejection of crustal debris-
- There are many ways to form a deficit ... passage never says "only" impactors create
(C) are closely surrounded by other impact basins with anomalously low gravity- OOS
- NO IDEA
(D) were created by the impact of multiple large impactors
- There are many ways to form a deficit ... passage never says "only" impactors create
(E) were formed when the moon was relatively elastic
- MOST COMMON WRONG AC - why we fall for this AC?? because we read only the last part and think that now the moon is stiff and cold so deficits would not have formed but earlier, the moon was elastic so deficit was possible ... SO basically we just messed up the entire para .. the elasticity explanation is for GRAVITATIONAL COMPENSATION and not possible deficit.... the deficits can form all the time .. it is the compensation that cannot
30 Sep 2014, 06:54
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Hey!
Passages like these are tricky because they are so full of details that keeping track of the main idea can become disorienting.
And if you rely on memory of the passage from the first phase of reading alone - while answering the questions, chances are that you will probably pick some option that "sounds good" or "looks good" rather than the option that IS substantiated by the passage!
Let's look at the passage and see what parts were important and needed focus
When a large body strikes a planet or moon, material is ejected, thereby creating a hole in the planet and a local deficit of mass. This deficit shows up as a gravity anomaly: the removal of material that has been ejected to make the hole results in an area in slightly lower gravity than surrounding areas. One would therefore expect that all of the large multi-ring impact basins on the surface of earth's moon would show such negative gravity anomalies, since they are, essentially, large holes in lunar surface. Yet data collected in 1994 by the Clemenstine spacecraft show that many of these Clementine basins have no anomalously low gravity and some even have anomalously high gravity. Scientists speculate that early in lunar history, when large impactors struck the moon's surface, causing millions of cubic kilometers of crustal debris to be ejected, denser material from the moon's mantle rose up beneath the impactors almost immediately, compensating for the ejected material and thus leaving no gravity anomaly in the resulting basin. Later, however, as moon grew cooler and less elastic, rebound from large impactors would have been only partial and incomplete. Thus today such gravitational compensation probably would not occur: the outer layer of moon is too cold and stiff.
The passage talks about a phenomenon ; shows an example where this does not hold good - and gives explanation for that.
That's pretty much all the passage is concerned about
Ajeeth
CrackVerbal - Verbal Expert
Passages like these are tricky because they are so full of details that keeping track of the main idea can become disorienting.
And if you rely on memory of the passage from the first phase of reading alone - while answering the questions, chances are that you will probably pick some option that "sounds good" or "looks good" rather than the option that IS substantiated by the passage!
Let's look at the passage and see what parts were important and needed focus
When a large body strikes a planet or moon, material is ejected, thereby creating a hole in the planet and a local deficit of mass. This deficit shows up as a gravity anomaly: the removal of material that has been ejected to make the hole results in an area in slightly lower gravity than surrounding areas. One would therefore expect that all of the large multi-ring impact basins on the surface of earth's moon would show such negative gravity anomalies, since they are, essentially, large holes in lunar surface. Yet data collected in 1994 by the Clemenstine spacecraft show that many of these Clementine basins have no anomalously low gravity and some even have anomalously high gravity. Scientists speculate that early in lunar history, when large impactors struck the moon's surface, causing millions of cubic kilometers of crustal debris to be ejected, denser material from the moon's mantle rose up beneath the impactors almost immediately, compensating for the ejected material and thus leaving no gravity anomaly in the resulting basin. Later, however, as moon grew cooler and less elastic, rebound from large impactors would have been only partial and incomplete. Thus today such gravitational compensation probably would not occur: the outer layer of moon is too cold and stiff.
The passage talks about a phenomenon ; shows an example where this does not hold good - and gives explanation for that.
That's pretty much all the passage is concerned about
Ajeeth
CrackVerbal - Verbal Expert
