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Updated on: 22 Sep 2019, 10:03
Originally posted by misterJJ2u on 19 Jun 2007, 15:44.
Last edited by Bunuel on 22 Sep 2019, 10:03, edited 3 times in total.
Last edited by Bunuel on 22 Sep 2019, 10:03, edited 3 times in total.
Renamed the topic, edited the question and added the OA.
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E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
65%
(hard)
Question Stats:
51% (01:31) correct
49%
(01:38)
wrong
based on 8053
sessions
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Not Attempted Yet
A natural response of communities devastated by earthquake or flood is to rebuild on the same site, overlooking the possibility that the forces that caused it could be repeated.
(A) overlooking the possibility that the forces that caused it could be repeated
(B) overlooking the possibility that the forces causing it could be repeated
(C) overlooking that the forces that caused the disaster could also cause another one
(D) without considering that the forces causing the disaster could be repeated
(E) without considering that the forces that caused the disaster could also cause another such disaster
SC17561.01
(A) overlooking the possibility that the forces that caused it could be repeated
(B) overlooking the possibility that the forces causing it could be repeated
(C) overlooking that the forces that caused the disaster could also cause another one
(D) without considering that the forces causing the disaster could be repeated
(E) without considering that the forces that caused the disaster could also cause another such disaster
SC17561.01
Updated on: 06 Jan 2020, 03:35
Originally posted by JonShukhrat on 04 Jan 2020, 08:18.
Last edited by JonShukhrat on 06 Jan 2020, 03:35, edited 2 times in total.
Last edited by JonShukhrat on 06 Jan 2020, 03:35, edited 2 times in total.
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daagh
Dear daagh,
(Sorry for such a long post. I tried to be as much precise as I can so that beginners could benefit from it.)
Today I’ve had enough time to reflect on this question. And, with your permission, I’d like to share with you some findings.
A. I think we need to modify too widespread but not always correct notion: “comma + verbing must modify the subject and the action of that subject in the preceding clause”.
Let’s use more precise description from GMATGuruNY and RonPurewal: “COMMA + VERBing serves to refer to the nearest preceding action and the performer of that action.” This precision is indeed important because the performer of the action is NOT always the subject of the preceding clause. Below are two examples:
B. Mitch Hunt gives a good explanation of how comma+verbing works here: https://gmatclub.com/forum/?href=-map-eart ... 84515.html
- Geologists use a network of seismometers to chart seismic waves that originate in the earth's crust and ricochet around its interior, travelling most rapidly through cold, dense regions and more slowly through hotter rocks.
Here, the subject of the main sentence is “geologists”, and the action of this subject is “use”. So, according to widespread notion, comma+travelling should refer to “geologist” and “use”. But that’s incorrect because geologists are not travelling through hotter rocks. Actually, comma + travelling here refers to the nearest preceding action “ricochet” and its performer “seismic waves”. And it’s perfectly logical to say that seismic waves ricochet while travelling through certain regions of earth’s crust. We can also note that “waves” is not the subject of the sentence, and “ricochet” is not the main verb. That’s why we need a more precise description.
C. Another good example comes from Ron. He says: Note that i've been careful to say that these modifiers describe "actions". i.e., I’m careful NOT to say "verbs". For example:
- I peeked into the workshop and saw the master watchmaker leaning over the table, squinting at the tiny parts of an old Rolex.
Ron: here, comma + "squinting..." describes the action of "leaning over the table".
"leaning" isn't technically a verb, but it still represents an action (and is ultimately derived from a verb).
Once again, comma + squinting is not referring to the subject of the sentence “I” and its action “peeked” or “saw”, but referring to the nearest action “squinting” and its performer “the master watchmaker”.
Small conclusion: COMMA + VERBing serves to refer to the nearest preceding action and the performer of that action. And that performer is not always the subject of the sentence.
Considering all the above, we can finally dissect our original question:
- A natural response of communities devastated by earthquake or flood is to rebuild on the same site, without considering that the forces that caused the disaster could also cause another such disaster.
Here, “without considering” refers to “to rebuild” because “to rebuild” is the nearest preceding action. And it’s logical to say that someone fails to consider a danger while rebuilding the communities. So “without considering” makes sense with “to rebuild”. However, “without considering” doesn’t necessarily have to make sense with the subject of the sentence “a response of communities” - because “a response of communities” is not the performer of the action “to rebuild”. The performer of “rebuild” is implied but not clearly shown here.
Let me, please, try to be a bit more precise so that I can explain what I mean. the construction “a natural response is to rebuild” is similar to “A is B” in which both A and B are nouns. “to rebuild” is a noun here, and “to rebuild” is equal to “a natural response”. So, “a response” is not the performer of “to rebuild”, and hence “without considering” doesn’t have to modify “a response”.
There is a similar example:
- The main rule of bungee jumping is to jump with wide open arms, without looking down.
Here, neither “main rule” nor “bungee jumping” performs the action “jump”. The actual performer (people) is implied but not explicitly shown. “without looking down" makes sense with “to jump” and its implied performer (people), but doesn’t necessarily have to make sense with the subject of the sentence “main rule”. The same is true for the original sentence.
Main conclusion: “without considering” does make sense with the nearest action “to rebuild” and its implied performer (people), but doesn’t necessarily have to make sense with the subject of the sentence “a natural response”.
There is a similar official example here, with GMATGuruNY 's detailed explanation: https://gmatclub.com/forum/?href=.html#831859
Thank you for your patience. Your comments are welcome.
12 Jan 2017, 07:31
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rishit1080
On re-examining the question, I could understand a solid reason (which I missed in my previous post) that option E is the best answer.
Comma + present participle modifier should refer to the subject of the previous clause or the effect of the entire clause. Here "Overlooking .... " wrongly suggests that "A natural response" (subject of the previous clause) overlooks, not the "communities". Hence option A, B And C can be eliminated.
The intended meaning is that the disaster, not the forces, would be repeated. Hence option A, B AND D can be eliminated.
Option E is the correct answer.
usaidmandvia Previously I missed the modifier problem as mentioned above in this post - why C is incorrect is explained above.
