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An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall he

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Re: An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall he [#permalink] New post   Updated on: 27 Jul 2019, 04:29
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An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.


analysis: this question is testing the parallalism along with the idiom usage,,

Things to know are

1)Not only ……………………….... But also is the correct idiom..

2)not only influenced by…………..But also influenced by (are parallel)
3)not only by …………… But also by (are parallel)

Whereas
4)not only by…………… But also (are not parallel)
5)not only by…………… But also are by (are not parallel)




POE

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by
not only is mapped to but also so idiom is fine but not only influenced by should be paralled with but also influenced by . here the influenced is missing. So parallelism error. This is wrong

(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also
similar to a, not only influenced by should be paralled with but also influenced by .here both the influenced and by are missing. So parallelism error. This is also wrong

(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by
influenced not only by should be paralleled with but also by . Here it is but also are by. here are is extra . Hence parallelism error. This is also wrong

.
(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by

1) Perfect parallelism of not only by to but also by
2) Idiom also correct of not only to but also.
Hence this is perfect choice.

(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also
influenced not only by should be paralled with but also by . Here it is just but also . By is missing here. Hence parallelism error. This is also wrong

So ans is D

Originally posted by ccheryn on 26 Jul 2019, 22:07.
Last edited by ccheryn on 27 Jul 2019, 04:29, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall he [#permalink] New post   26 Jul 2019, 23:12
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IMO D.

An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.

A sentence with NOT ONLY[phrase 1]...BUT ALSO[phrase 2], the phrases 1 and 2 need to be parallel. In the above sentence, "not only influenced by......but also are by" is incorrect. "are by" is not parallel to"influenced by".

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by --> "are by" is not parallel to "influenced by"
(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also--> a "influenced by" is needed after but also to make it parallel to "not only influenced by".
(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by-->"are by" is not parallel to "by"
(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by-->This is correct. NOT ONLY by...BUT ALSO by. Both the sentences are parallel.
(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also--> a "by" is needed after but also to make it parallel to "not only by"
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Re: An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall he [#permalink] New post   26 Jul 2019, 23:24
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This question tests us on parallelism concept. We need both sides of idiom "Not only X but also Y" parallel not only in form but also in logic. With this said, elements X and Y must be parallel to each other. Now that we have some basic understanding, let's jump on to options.

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by, - let's remove the fluff "not only INFLUENCED ... but also ARE BY". Here, the option tries to present INFLUENCED (a proper working verb) and ARE (a linking verb) parallel. But no, working verb cannot be parallel to a linking verb. Another issue here is the second element "the overall health of the human microbiome is ARE BY behavioral factors" - does not make much sense, right? Eliminate

(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also - in B we have "not only INFLUENCED ... but also BEHAVIOR FACTORS". In other words, not only VERB (influenced) but also NOUN (behavior factors). But verb and noun cannot be parallel. Moreover, second element, as in A, does not make a lot of sense to me "the overall health of the human microbiome is behavioral factors", huh? I hope you agree that this is nonsense, eliminate.

(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by - we have "not only BY DIET.... but also ARE BY" OR "not only prepositional phrase but also linking verb". No way can prepositional phrase be parallel to linking verb, nope. Besides, we again have nonsensical meaning in second element "the overall health of the human microbiome is influenced ARE BY behavioral factors". For whatever reason, we can safely get rid of C

(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by - we have "not only BY DIET...but also BY BEHAVIOR FACTORS", this one looks pretty good. It parallels prepositional phrase to prepositional phrase. Besides, the second element makes perfect sense now "the overall health of the human microbiome is influenced BY behavioral factors". Keep D

(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also - ok, let's see "not only BY DIET but also BEHAVIOR FACTORS". Can we parallel prepositional phrase to noun? Certainly, no. Besides, again the second element of little sense "the overall health of the human microbiome is influenced behavioral factors", does not really work. Eliminate

D is the best option.
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Re: An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall he [#permalink] New post   27 Jul 2019, 00:25
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An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.

Idiom : Not only X but also Y , X and Y should be parallel

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by-Incorrect
X and Y here are not parallel , so idiom is not used properly , parallelism error

(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also- Incorrect
here also X and Y are not parallel influenced is not repeating and but also require a by to be parallel

(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by-Incorrect
Use of are is not necessary , to be parallel we need only but also by

(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by-Correct
idiom used correctly and no parallelism error ,conveys meaning correctly

(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also - Incorrect
idiom requires a by after but also for X and Y to be parallel
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Re: An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall he [#permalink] New post   27 Jul 2019, 00:32
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An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by - incorrect, because "not only influenced" implies but ... and here we need a verb (for example, ... formed). Besides, "are" is incorrect.
(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also - the same mistake as in A.
(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by - "are" is wrong here, because the sentence is about the overall health. Besides, "are" here sounds flawed.
(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by - correct parallel structure
(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also - -we need "by" here.
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Re: An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall he [#permalink] New post   27 Jul 2019, 01:55
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An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.

Original sentence uses not only .. but also idiom so we check proper usage in all options.

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by – WRONG. ‘Influenced’ and ‘are’ are not parallel. ‘Is’ followed by a verb is much better.
(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also – WRONG. After not only influenced by should be parallel to something after but also. Also, ‘by’ is missing before Behavioral factors.
(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by – WRONG. Using ‘are’ after but also is proper and kills parallelism.
(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by – CORRECT. This one properly uses idiom ‘not only by X …. But also by Y.
(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also – WRONG. ‘By’ is missing leading to improper parallelism.

IMO Answer (D).
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Re: An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall he [#permalink] New post   27 Jul 2019, 03:38
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An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by --> Incorrect. Subject-Verb error. Health is singular but 'are' is used in the 'but also' section here.

(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also --> Incorrect. Since the verb in the second part is not given, 'not only' should be after influenced in the first part.

(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by --> Incorrect. Subject-Verb error. Health is singular but 'are' is used in the 'but also' section here.

(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by --> Correct. All the errors in the other sentences are corrected here.

(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also --> Incorrect. Meaning error. Subject - Verb error. The 'but also' part doe not have an error. Moreover the second part is incomplete as it does not indicate what behavioral factors do.
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Re: An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall he [#permalink] New post   27 Jul 2019, 04:15
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An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.

underlined portion is not following the parallelism for not only A .... but also B...
As per the sentence health is influenced by 1) diet and alcohol consumption and 2) behavioral factors.
Therefore influenced should come before not only or should come after both not only and but also.

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by --> Error as identified. Incorrect.
(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also --> but also is not followed by influenced by. Incorrect.
(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by --> influenced correctly used before not only. parallelism is not maintained. but also are by is not parallel to not only by. Incorrect.
(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by --> influenced correctly used before not only. not only by is parallel to but also by. Correct.
(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also --> influenced correctly used before not only. not only by is not parallel to but also. Incorrect.

Answer Choice: D
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Re: An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall he [#permalink] New post   27 Jul 2019, 04:50
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An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by—> wrong: not only <-Ed been> but also <are by>
(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also—> wrong: not only <-Ed been> but also <adjective...> construction
(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by—> wrong: not only <by...>but also <are by>
(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by—> correct: not only <by ....> but also <by....> construction
(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also—> wrong: not only <by ....>but also <adjective>

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Re: An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall he [#permalink] New post   27 Jul 2019, 04:52
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An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.

Elements used under the idiom not only but also must be parallel and the sentence should convey the correct meaning.

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by- Incorrect. Not Only influenced But also are behavior factors is not parallel. As per the meaning the health of microbiome is influenced by two factors that are diet and alchohol consumption and behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene. Also the usae of plural "are" is incorrect. it cannot refer back to health
(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also-Incorrect. What ever is followed by Not only must also be followed by But also to maintain the parallel structure. This distorts the meaning of the sentence as explained in A
(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by- Incorrect. The verb are in this sentence distorts the parallel structure and is not needed. besides it's wrong. plural verb "are" cannot refer back to singular Health .
(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by- Correct. This conveys the correct meaning and maintain the parallelism.
(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also -Incorrect. Same as explained in C. "By" is missing after but also
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Re: An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall he [#permalink] New post   27 Jul 2019, 06:06
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An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.

Error Analysis and Solution

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by-- There are 2 errors in this sentence :
1)- The overall health of the human microbiome is influenced by diet and alcohol consumption and also by by behavioral factors and other things. So, the word INFLUENCED should act as an umbrella word for all the influencing the overall health of the human microbiome. In short, there is a parallelism error in the statement around not only-but also.
2)- There is a S/V error in the sentence as well, The overall health of something is a singular subject, so the use of verb "are" creates a S-V agreement error in the sentence.

(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also-- There are 2 errors in this sentence :
1)- The overall health of the human microbiome is influenced by diet and alcohol consumption and also by by behavioral factors and other things. So, the word INFLUENCED should act as an umbrella word for all the influencing the overall health of the human microbiome. In short, there is a parallelism error in the statement around not only-but also.
2)- For the parallelism to work, there is a need of using "BY" after but-also as well.

(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by--
Now in this sentence, the first error of parallelism has been fixed but the S/V agreement has been introduced by the use of "Are"


(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by--

Correct



(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also--
For the parallelism to work, there is a need of using "BY" after but-also as well.

IMO D

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Re: An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall he [#permalink] New post   27 Jul 2019, 06:20
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There should be Parallelism in "not only..., but also..."

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by
Incorrect. 'to be' verb is already used before '...not only..' form. Also, '...Influenced..., are by...' are not parallel here.

(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also
Incorrect. "...influenced" ---"...behavioral factors" are not parallel (...verb--...noun)

(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by
Incorrect. There shouldn't be 'are' after 'but also' to be parallel with 'by diet.'

(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by behavioral factors
Correct. '...by diet,...by behavioral factors' are parallel

(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also
Incorrect. There should be 'by' after 'but also...'

The answer choice is D.
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Re: An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall he [#permalink] New post   27 Jul 2019, 07:51
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An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by - Incorrect parallelism is not correct. Not only..but also form should be parallel
(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also - Incorrect parallelism is not correct.Not only..but also form should be parallel
(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by - Incorrect verb form are.
(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by - Correct. Parallelism is correct here
(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also - Incorrect parallelism is not correct.Not only..but also form should be parallel

Answer = D
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Re: An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall he [#permalink] New post   27 Jul 2019, 09:33
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check for parallesim
by must be there

influenced must be out of not only but also close

option d
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Re: An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall he [#permalink] New post   27 Jul 2019, 10:24
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Shahalikhan wrote:
check for parallesim
by must be there

influenced must be out of not only but also close

option d


Hi Shahalikhan,

Let’s first figure out why the spokesperson uses the first boldface. I hope you agree that he tells about the changes that are likely to happen in 12 years (such as government change, etc) in order to criticize the CURRENT strategy, NOT the new one. The following are step by step explanation why A is incorrect.

1. The spokesperson thinks that the TIMING of the current strategy is its biggest flaw.

2. Later he shows WHY this timing is a biggest flaw. The REASONS he gives against the current strategy are in the first boldface.

3. His main GOAL in showing those reasons (in the first boldface) IS to explain why the state needs a NEW strategy.

So you can see that the spokesperson uses the first boldface to create basis (to explain why) for a course of action (new strategy) that he ENDORSES (wants), but NOT criticizes.

To create a basis for a strategy means – to show some solid reasons why this strategy is important. Thus the first boldface is the basis (reason) for the ENDORSED strategy, but NOT the criticized one. That’s why A is incorrect.

If A were as follows, it would be correct:

A. The first is an assumption that forms the basis for a course of action that the argument criticizes endorses.
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