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Bunuel
Shakespeare’s Hamlet was based on a style of morality plays, wherein personifications of vice and virtue fight over a man’s soul; Shakespeare’s originality lay in the fact that he integrated these personifications into the internal psyche of the protagonist.

(A) lay in the fact that he integrated these
(B) lay in the fact of his integrating these
(C) laid in the fact of his integrating these
(D) lay in his integration of these
(E) laid in his integration of these


 


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(A) lay in the fact that he integrated these
Incorrect. While this is grammatically correct, we need to check if any other option is more concise

(B) lay in the fact of his integrating these
Incorrect. The sentence is awkward. The phrase "the fact of his integrating these" is less common and less clear than "the fact that he integrated these".

(C) laid in the fact of his integrating these
Incorrect. This option is incorrect because "laid" is the past tense of "lay". We are looking for lay.

(D) lay in his integration of these
Correct. Grammatically correct and more concise than A

(E) laid in his integration of these
Incorrect. This option is incorrect because "laid" is the past tense of "lay". We are looking for lay.
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Shakespeare’s Hamlet was based on a style of morality plays, wherein personifications of vice and virtue fight over a man’s soul; Shakespeare’s originality lay in the fact that he integrated these personifications into the internal psyche of the protagonist.

(A) lay in the fact that he integrated these
(B) lay in the fact of his integrating these
(C) laid in the fact of his integrating these
(D) lay in his integration of these
(E) laid in his integration of these

Explanation:
Intended meaning of the sentence: The second sentence means that the reason for Shakespeare's originality was that he integrated the personifications of vice and virtue into the internal psyche of the protagonist.
(A) Clearly conveys the intended meaning. CORRECT.
(B) "his integrating these" changes the meaning. OUT.
(C) laid means it existed only in the past and doesn't exist in the present. This is incorrect as the sentence intends to state a fact. OUT.
(D) "his integration of these" changes the intended meaning. OUT.
(E) Mistakes of (C) and (D) combined. OUT.

ANSWER A
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originality requires singular verb - lays. We have lay in A,B and D. So remove them.
Now C vs E. laid - the past form of Lay
E is better as it is concise. Originality laid on the integration of these personification.
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A B and D start with lay whereas here laid seems proper since the sentence uses past tense in the beginning "was".
C - the fact of his integrating sounds wrong
Answer E

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Shakespeare’s Hamlet was based on a style of morality plays, wherein personifications of vice and virtue fight over a man’s soul; Shakespeare’s originality lay in the fact that he integrated these personifications into the internal psyche of the protagonist.

(A) lay in the fact that he integrated these
(B) lay in the fact of his integrating these
(C) laid in the fact of his integrating these
(D) lay in his integration of these
(E) laid in his integration of these
_______________________________________
Meaning is crucial to solve the question. Answer choices can be easily split between ''lay'' and ''laid''. All the choices have ''these'', so there is no point of worrying about pronoun ambiguity (at least with ''these''). First sentence ends with semicolon, so, there should be an independent clause after semicolon. So, lets take a look at answer choices.

A - ''He'' cant refer to ''Shakespear's hamlet or Shakespear's originality''. Besides , '' in the fact that'' looks redundant - lets keep it untill we find a better option.
B - '' in the fact of his integrating''. Between ''his integrating'' and ''his integration'', the latter is better. In this context, use of '' his integrating'' is not logical. B is out.
C - use of past simple, it means that originaliy laid in the past and it is not valid anymore. Intended meaning is distorted. C is out.
D - the answer choice does not distort the intended meaning and it is to the point. Lets keep it.
E - The same use of ''past simple'' as in C. E is out.

Between A and D , D gives more concise meaning. So, D is our winner.

Hope it helps.
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Shakespeare's originality is singular. Hence we can cross out A,b, and D
C is redundancy by using in the fact of.
Hence it is E
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Shakespeare’s Hamlet was based on a style of morality plays, wherein personifications of vice and virtue fight over a man’s soul; Shakespeare’s originality lay in the fact that he integrated these personifications into the internal psyche of the protagonist.

(A) lay in the fact that he integrated these
(B) lay in the fact of his integrating these
(C) laid in the fact of his integrating these
(D) lay in his integration of these
(E) laid in his integration of these


I'll give it a try:
Meaning: It says that the originality of Shakespeare is evident when internal psyche of the protagonist is integrated with these personifications.

(A) lay in the fact that he integrated these

A non-possessive pronoun can't refer to a possessive antecedent noun. Hence eliminated.

(B) lay in the fact of his integrating these

Integrating here is not in the verb form. It has to be either modifier or noun.
If modifier then the sentence is incomplete without verb.
If noun, there's a better way of expressing this -- We can use integration.
Hence idiom error.
Also what does "fact of" even mean?

(C) laid in the fact of his integrating these

Since we're stating the general facts, it is better we use simple present tense.
Integrating here is not in the verb form. It has to be either modifier or noun.
If modifier then the sentence is incomplete without verb.
If noun, there's a better way of expressing this -- We can use integration.
Hence idiom error.


(D) lay in his integration of these
Looks perfect, this solves verb issue and presents integration in the correct form as a noun. Correct

(E) laid in his integration of these
Since we're stating the general facts, it is better we use simple present tense.
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Bunuel
Shakespeare’s Hamlet was based on a style of morality plays, wherein personifications of vice and virtue fight over a man’s soul; Shakespeare’s originality lay in the fact that he integrated these personifications into the internal psyche of the protagonist.

(A) lay in the fact that he integrated these
(B) lay in the fact of his integrating these
(C) laid in the fact of his integrating these
(D) lay in his integration of these
(E) laid in his integration of these


 


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The correct answer is (D) lay in his integration of these.


(A) lay in the fact that he integrated these - This option is not grammatically incorrect, but it is unnecessarily wordy. It uses "the fact that" to introduce the reason for Shakespeare's originality, which makes the sentence less concise.

(B) lay in the fact of his integrating these - This option is awkward and not idiomatic. The use of "the fact of his integrating" is not a natural way to express the idea.

(C) laid in the fact of his integrating these - This option is incorrect because it changes the verb tense. The past participle "laid" does not fit with the present tense of the sentence.

(D) lay in his integration of these - This option is the correct one. It uses the simple past tense "lay" to maintain consistency with the verb tense in the sentence. The phrase "his integration of these" is clear and concise, expressing the idea that Shakespeare's originality was in how he integrated the personifications of vice and virtue into the internal psyche of the protagonist.

(E) laid in his integration of these - This option is incorrect for the same reason as option (C). The past participle "laid" is not appropriate here since the sentence is in the present tense.

In conclusion, option (D) is the right answer because it is grammatically correct and conveys the intended meaning in a clear and concise manner.
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Shakespeare’s Hamlet was based on a style of morality plays, wherein personifications of vice and virtue fight over a man’s soul; Shakespeare’s originality lay in the fact that he integrated these personifications into the internal psyche of the protagonist.

(A) lay in the fact that he integrated these - plural verb "lay" results in an SV error (originality is singular)
(B) lay in the fact of his integrating these - same as A.
(C) laid in the fact of his integrating these - "in the fact of" is idiomatically incorrect.
(D) lay in his integration of these - same as A.
(E) laid in his integration of these - correct!
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sentence is using past perfect tense , we have 2/3 split lay vs laid
laid is correct
eliminate option A,B , D
(C) laid in the fact of his integrating these meaning issue

(E) laid in his integration of these correct option

OPTION E is correct

Bunuel
Shakespeare’s Hamlet was based on a style of morality plays, wherein personifications of vice and virtue fight over a man’s soul; Shakespeare’s originality lay in the fact that he integrated these personifications into the internal psyche of the protagonist.

(A) lay in the fact that he integrated these
(B) lay in the fact of his integrating these
(C) laid in the fact of his integrating these
(D) lay in his integration of these
(E) laid in his integration of these


 


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Bunuel
Shakespeare’s Hamlet was based on a style of morality plays, wherein personifications of vice and virtue fight over a man’s soul; Shakespeare’s originality lay in the fact that he integrated these personifications into the internal psyche of the protagonist.

(A) lay in the fact that he integrated these
(B) lay in the fact of his integrating these
(C) laid in the fact of his integrating these
(D) lay in his integration of these
(E) laid in his integration of these


 


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As per question:

(A) lay in the fact that he integrated these-- correct sentence, no worries!
(B) lay in the fact of his integrating these-- of his is used incorrectly here
(C) laid in the fact of his integrating these-- Laid here refers to it was in the past, but Shakespeare’s originality can not be referred to in the past, hence, eliminated.
(D) lay in his integration of these-- this sentence makes no sense
(E) laid in his integration of these-- same reason as C

IMO: A
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Quote:
Shakespeare’s Hamlet was based on a style of morality plays, wherein personifications of vice and virtue fight over a man’s soul; Shakespeare’s originality lay in the fact that he integrated these personifications into the internal psyche of the protagonist.

(A) lay in the fact that he integrated these
(B) lay in the fact of his integrating these
(C) laid in the fact of his integrating these
(D) lay in his integration of these
(E) laid in his integration of these


(A) lay in the fact that he integrated these -> Wordy
(B) lay in the fact of his integrating these -> Wordy
(C) laid in the fact of his integrating these -> Changes the meaning
(D) lay in his integration of these -> Correct
(E) laid in his integration of these -> Changes the meaning
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The answer is D
Statement A uses he whereas the correct tense would be his
Statement B uses his integration incorrectly. It is ungrammatical and the tense use is incorrect
Statement C uses fact of his integrating these- is unidiomatic
Statement D uses his and lay which is the correct past tense usage here, hence correct.
Statement E uses laid which is incorrect tense usage.
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Looking at the answer choices, the split of "lay in" and "laid in" is a good starting point for eliminating choices. In this instance, the correct one to use is "Shakespeare’s originality lay". This eliminates answer choices (C) and (E)

(A) lay in the fact that he integrated these
Wordy and the intended meaning is slightly blurred. His originality was in the integration itself and not, as this choice states, in the fact that he integrated the personifications.

(B) lay in the fact of his integrating these
Wordy and very grammatically incorrect.

(D) lay in his integration of these
Corrects the initial error by removing 'the fact that' to convey the intended meaning.

ANSWER D
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Shakespeare’s Hamlet was based on a style of morality plays, wherein personifications of vice and virtue fight over a man’s soul; Shakespeare’s originality lay in the fact that he integrated these personifications into the internal psyche of the protagonist.

Quote:
(A) lay in the fact that he integrated these
Concise and correct in meaning.

Quote:
(B) lay in the fact of his integrating these
Usage of of his integrating is incorrect

Quote:
(C) laid in the fact of his integrating these
Usage of laid is incorrect
Usage of of his integrating is incorrect
Incorrect

Quote:
(D) lay in his integration of these
Usage of in his integration of these is incorrect
Option A is more concise and correct

Quote:
(E) laid in his integration of these
Usage of laid is incorrect
Usage of in his integration of these is incorrect
Incorrect

IMO A
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Shakespeare’s Hamlet was based on a style of morality plays, wherein personifications of vice and virtue fight over a man’s soul; Shakespeare’s originality lay in the fact that he integrated these personifications into the internal psyche of the protagonist.

(A) lay in the fact that he integrated these - "lay" is the incorrect tense

(B) lay in the fact of his integrating these - "lay" is the incorrect tense

(C) laid in the fact of his integrating these - laid + in the fact = redundant; "of his" is also not correct

(D) lay in his integration of these - "lay" is the incorrect tense

(E) laid in his integration of these - CORRECT
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The original sentence is grammatically correct, but it is not idiomatic. The phrase "lay in the fact that" is not commonly used in English. The idiomatic way to express this idea is "lay in his integration of these."

The other answer choices are incorrect for various reasons.

(A) is the same as the original sentence and is therefore not idiomatic.
(B) and (C) use the past tense "laid" instead of the present tense "lay." The present tense is correct because the sentence is about a general characteristic of Shakespeare's work, not a specific event that happened in the past.
(E) also uses the past tense "laid," and it changes the meaning of the sentence by making it sound like Shakespeare's originality was something that he did in the past. The original sentence is about the fact that Shakespeare's originality is something that is inherent in his work.

Therefore, the correct answer is (D).
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