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Hi there,

Im not GMATNinja, but this is my understanding of the "who" vs "that" debate.

As a general rule, "who" refers to people, and "that" can refer to things and people.

Ex.
"There are people who wear blue swimsuits at the beach"
or
"There are people that wear blue swimsuits at the beach"


- In this second example "that" and "who" are both grammatically correct, and I would not confidently make a decision based on the who vs that. If there are any other aspects of the sentence which you could use to logically reason why one is more correct than the other I would do this. If referring to a person and this is the only decision point, pick who.

Hope this helps!

Thank you very much!

Here is an example that confused me a little bit

https://gmatclub.com/forum/the-use-of-lie-detectors-is-based-on-the-assumption-that-lying-produce-83581.html
Thanks ZucchiniGMAT for jumping in!

And Genoa2000, I think you've answered your own question by referencing that OG question! There are very few black and white rules that we can apply consistently on the GMAT. And right when we think we've come up with a "rule" based past questions, the GMAT tends to break that rule. And then it laughs at us. :twisted:

So if we have an official answer in which "that" is used for people ("an individual", in this case), then we know that we can't safely eliminate an option just because it uses "that" for people.

I hope that helps a bit!

There may be official questions in which "that" is used for people, but the question about lie detectors is not one of them.
In this particular question, "that" refers to "emotional reactions" (not to an "an individual")
"... lying produces emotional reactions ... that ... create unconscious physiological responses."
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Yes that can be used for people and things
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Genoa2000
That "that" (sorry for the repetition) refers to the individual (horrible I know)
Hi Genoa2000, that refers to emotional reactions.

The easiest way to find this is: If that had referred to individual (single), then the correct verb would have been creates (and not create).
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Hi,

On the usage of 'that' v/s 'who'.

can 'that' refer to a member of committee or board etc.

or 'who' is the apt usage?

for e.g, - The board has at least one member that holds a leadership position.
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Anshul1223333
On the usage of 'that' v/s 'who'.

can 'that' refer to a member of committee or board etc.

or 'who' is the apt usage?

for e.g, - The board has at least one member that holds a leadership position.
'Who' may be better than 'that', but this is a GMAT preference. It's not a hard-and-fast rule, and your sentence is fine too, perhaps even in the GMAT.

This is what Merriam-Webster says on the topic:
'The notion that that should not be used to refer to persons is without foundation; such use is entirely standard.'
https://www.merriam-webster.com/diction ... learn-more

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Anshul1223333
Hi,

On the usage of 'that' v/s 'who'.

can 'that' refer to a member of committee or board etc.

or 'who' is the apt usage?

for e.g, - The board has at least one member that holds a leadership position.

Might be worth going through Official Questions to get a sense of what is preferable. If you are sensitive to this issue, chances are better you'll choose the correct THAT/WHO in the SC.
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vv65

That was quite insightful! Thanks a lot!


vv65
Anshul1223333
On the usage of 'that' v/s 'who'.

can 'that' refer to a member of committee or board etc.

or 'who' is the apt usage?

for e.g, - The board has at least one member that holds a leadership position.
'Who' may be better than 'that', but this is a GMAT preference. It's not a hard-and-fast rule, and your sentence is fine too, perhaps even in the GMAT.

This is what Merriam-Webster says on the topic:
'The notion that that should not be used to refer to persons is without foundation; such use is entirely standard.'
https://www.merriam-webster.com/diction ... learn-more

Posted from my mobile device
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