Despite scientists may agree that global warming is a key

My guess is that it should have been underlined. Correct gmatbull?

Yup... 'that' should have been underlined.

Sorry, it was an error on my part.

+1 C

A: ... - Despite is for phrases (segment fragments that don't have a verb), not for clauses.
B: However much scientists may agree - THAT is necessary.
C: Even though scientists may agree that - CORRECT. The sentence fragment is a clause and THAT is used.
D: Agreement exists among scientists that - Ackward.
E: Although scientists agree - THAT is necessary.

I think I deserve kudos

Here are some notes I compiled:

•"Even though" is an conjuction. It is used as following "We held our picnic even though it rained". If we want to start a sentence, then we use "Althoug"such as "Although it rained, we went on with our picnic".

•Though and Although mean the same and Even though is more emphatic than Although....

Even though -- when the condition given is negative but the outcome/result is positive
eg -- Even though Ram hadn't studied, he passed the exam.
Although -- when the condition given is positive but the outcome/result is negative
Although Ram had studied very hard, he did not score well.

•In spite of - used to express the idea of contrast.
A). In spite of - is used as a preposition. In spite of + noun means almost same as although + clause.
e.g - We went out in spite of the rain. ( = .... although it was raining.)

B). In spite of is the opposite of because of .
e.g - She passed her exams in spite of her teacher. => (She had a bad teacher)
She passed her exams because of her teacher. => (She had a good teacher).

C). In spite of cannot be followed directly by a that - clause. Instead we can use in spite of the fact that
e.g - He is a good company in spite of the fact that he talks all the time.
Note - In formal English, despite can be used in the same way as in spite of.
e.g

Sita went on working in spite of feeling unwell.-- Correct
Sita went on working despite feeling unwell.-- Correct

If 'that' is part of underline then E is ruled out and we have to select only between A, C and D. C wins.

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