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(1) The force that affects quarks but not leptons is the __________ force.

As shown in diagram, Quarks is connected with Photon, W , Z and Gluon, but Lepton is connected with only Photon, W and Z
but as given in statement
Photons carry the electromagnetic force;
W and Z bosons carry the weak nuclear force;
and gluons carry the strong nuclear force

as only difference in quarks and leptons is connection with gluons, which carry strong nuclear force, so the answer is
A. strong nuclear
B. weak nuclear
C. electromagnetic
D. gravitational

(2) A boson that cannot carry a force between other bosons of precisely the same type is a __________ .

A boson that carry a force between other bosons of precisely the same type is connected by a close blue line with itself, and all other are A boson that cannot carry a force between other bosons of precisely the same type
W, Gluons and Higgs is connected with itself by closed blue lines, while Photon and Z are not, so either photon or Z should be the answer
A. W boson
B. Z boson
C. gluon
D. Higgs boson
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Official Explanation

Statement 1: strong nuclear. You are told that bosons carry particular forces, and that the blue lines show what interactions are possible. You are asked to identify the force that affects quarks but not leptons. Since the bosons correspond to forces, you can rephrase the problem: what boson “touches” quarks but not leptons via a blue line?

Following the blue lines, you can see that the only boson that touches quarks but not leptons is the gluon. The notes indicate that the gluon carries the strong nuclear force.

Statement 2: Z boson. Some bosons have a loop back to themselves, indicating that they can interact with other particles of precisely the same type. Which bosons do not have a loop back to themselves? Only two: photons and Z bosons, either of which would be possible answers.
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