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605-655 Level|   Non-Math Related|         
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 3): Organic chemist: Streptomycin and 10 Jul 2024, 23:09
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Vancomycin is effective against a narrower range of bacteria than streptomycin and oxytetracycline are.
--- Weaken the argument of disease specialist, If V is not effective against majority range, then its better to use S & O.

Streptomycin and oxytetracycline present in livestock further accumulate in humans who consume animal products.
--- Strengthen the argument of disease specialist. If S & O doens't break down and goes to humans then it can risk their health. On the other side, V breaks easily and do not accumulate.
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 3): Organic chemist: Streptomycin and 10 Jul 2024, 23:28
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Most Strengthen - Vancomycin is effective against a narrower range of bacteria than streptomycin and oxytetracycline are.
Most Weaken - Streptomycin and oxytetracycline present in livestock further accumulate in humans who consume animal products.
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 3): Organic chemist: Streptomycin and 10 Jul 2024, 23:32
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To strengthen the disease specialists position, we need to weaken the argument where Streptomycin and oxytetracycline use is advocated, thus we can select "Streptomycin and oxytetracycline present in livestock further accumulate in humans who consume animal products.".

To weaken the disease specialists position, we need to strenghten the argument where Streptomycin and oxytetracycline use is advocated (or weaken where Vanacomycin is advocate), thus we can select "Vancomycin is effective against a narrower range of bacteria than streptomycin and oxytetracycline are."
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 3): Organic chemist: Streptomycin and 10 Jul 2024, 23:53
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Oh yeah.. Day 3 and counting.
We got a really tough challenge with the Orange Team.
But we will make it. We will win, I'm sure.
Let's get started with our explanation for this topic on day three:

Rephrase the Question:
We can see we are dealing here with CR question. 
One solution is Strengthening and the other is Weakening.
Ok let handle that question as we do in CR.

Deconstruct the argument:
Organic chemist: Streptomycin and oxytetracycline are two anti-bacterial agents used in commercial farming - Background
and may pose a serious public health risk down the line. - Premise
These anti-bacterial agents are liberally applied to crops grown for animal feed and, as a result, it is common to find livestock with a build up of the chemicals in their bodies. - Background
In fact, levels of the antibiotics in livestock have been found to be up to 100 times what is needed to break down the natural bacterial eco-system of the animal - Premise
an outcome that leads to poor health outcomes for the animal and increases the risk of anti-biotic resistant bacterial strains evolving within them. -  Conclusion

 State the goal:
​​​​​​​We are looking for Strengthening and Weakening the argument.
I can think of some:
              Strengthening  (+)        |               Weakening  (-)            
advantages of using "V"               |   disadvantages using "V"
disadvantages of using "S&O"       |   advantages of using "S&O" 

Our Answer Choices table:
              Strengthening               |               Weakening                                     X                         |                     X                        - No tie, This have nothing to do with our stated goal of (+)/(-) "V" or "S&O" 
                      X                         |                     X                        - UnclearImpact, So what? if it's cheaper what impact does it have? 
                      X                         |                     X                        - No tie, This have nothing to do with our stated goal of (+)/(-) "V" or "S&O"
                      X                         |                     V                        - as we stated, disadvantage of "V" = Weakening :)
                      V                         |                     X                        - as we stated, advantage of "V" = Strengthening


THE END
I hope you liked the explanation, I have tried my best here.
Let me know if you have any questions about this question or my explanation.
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 3): Organic chemist: Streptomycin and 11 Jul 2024, 00:49
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Bunuel
­Organic chemist: Streptomycin and oxytetracycline are two anti-bacterial agents used in commercial farming, and may pose a serious public health risk down the line. These anti-bacterial agents are liberally applied to crops grown for animal feed and, as a result, it is common to find livestock with a build up of the chemicals in their bodies. In fact, levels of the antibiotics in livestock have been found to be up to 100 times what is needed to break down the natural bacterial eco-system of the animal, an outcome that leads to poor health outcomes for the animal and increases the risk of anti-biotic resistant bacterial strains evolving within them.

A disease specialist intends to use the chemist’s observations to argue that vancomycin, a compound that breaks down much faster than streptomycin and oxytetracycline, should replace them in the production of livestock feed, reducing the build-up of anti-biotic agents in livestock. Select the information that, if true, would most strengthen the disease specialists’ position, and that which, if true would most weaken it. Make only two selections, one in each column.

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­Oragnic chemist: level of antibiotics build up is upto 100 times what is needed to break natural bacterial ecosystem
will lead to poor health outcome for animal and increase risk of antibiotic resistant bacterial strain evolving with them

Disease specialist: Vancomycin should be used in livestock feed, reducing buiild up of antibiotic agents. 
so it does not deny that Streptomycin and oxytetracycline  cause build up of antibiotics in animal body

1. A high number of crop failures are attributed to bacterial infections each year: it neither supports nor weakens disease specialist argument

2. Streptomycin and oxytetracycline are fairly cheap to produce -- it talks about production aspect of the antibiotic and hence out

3. Streptomycin and oxytetracycline runoff can damage water bodies. -- It is another reason why they should not be used and antibiotic strains will be evolving with them. So it supports disease specialist argument to use Vancomycin to repalce it. Support the argument

4. Vancomycin is effective against a narrower range of bacteria than streptomycin and oxytetracycline are.--As it is effective against narrower range than streptomycin and oxytetracycline and objective is to have antibacterial agent...so this weaken the argument

5. Streptomycin and oxytetracycline present in livestock further accumulate in humans who consume animal products-- it is possible that humans could get them from animal products but we do not know about vancomycin. It reduces buildup of antibiotic agents but do not eliminate hence we are not sure. Hence out
 
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 3): Organic chemist: Streptomycin and 11 Jul 2024, 00:54
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Answer A is right for strengthening the premise. It gives more evidence that using streptomycin causes harm and losses
Answer D weakens the premise­. It gives evidence that the new antibiotic isnt a propert replacement and would'nt work
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 3): Organic chemist: Streptomycin and 11 Jul 2024, 00:57
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We have to find a statement that talks about the disease specialist position which is V should replace S & O
­Most strengthen: Streptomycin and oxytetracycline present in livestock further accumulate in humans who consume animal products.
Explanation: If it is true, than it is an issue for humans, and V would be welcomed because it breaks down faster.
Most weaken: A high number of crop failures are attributed to bacterial infections each year.
Explanation: If it is true, than reducing the strongness would result in more failures and less crop, which is no good.
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 3): Organic chemist: Streptomycin and 11 Jul 2024, 01:15
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IMO:
Most strengthen : Streptomycin and oxytetracycline present in livestock further accumulate in humans who consume animal products.
if this is the case then the accumulation in animals is more serious problem, since its indirectly affecting humans too, so we need to have something that reduces this build-up
hence its a strengthener

Most Weaken: Vancomycin is effective against a narrower range of bacteria than streptomycin and oxytetracycline are. Vancomycin is effective against a narrower range of bacteria than streptomycin and oxytetracycline are.
if this is the case then whole purpose of keeping the farm safe is defeated. hence weakener
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 3): Organic chemist: Streptomycin and 11 Jul 2024, 01:33
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Bunuel
­Organic chemist: Streptomycin and oxytetracycline are two anti-bacterial agents used in commercial farming, and may pose a serious public health risk down the line. These anti-bacterial agents are liberally applied to crops grown for animal feed and, as a result, it is common to find livestock with a build up of the chemicals in their bodies. In fact, levels of the antibiotics in livestock have been found to be up to 100 times what is needed to break down the natural bacterial eco-system of the animal, an outcome that leads to poor health outcomes for the animal and increases the risk of anti-biotic resistant bacterial strains evolving within them.

A disease specialist intends to use the chemist’s observations to argue that vancomycin, a compound that breaks down much faster than streptomycin and oxytetracycline, should replace them in the production of livestock feed, reducing the build-up of anti-biotic agents in livestock. Select the information that, if true, would most strengthen the disease specialists’ position, and that which, if true would most weaken it. Make only two selections, one in each column.

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­strengthen --> if the anti-bacterial agents are accumulated further in humans, it will lead to further damage which the new drug can prevent by breaking down faster

weaken--> if only few bacterial strains are affected by new drug, it might be counter intutive to use it to prevent bacterias from attacking crops
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 3): Organic chemist: Streptomycin and 11 Jul 2024, 02:09
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A high number of crop failures are attributed to bacterial infections each year. 
This argument simply shows that it is necessary to use anti-bacterial agents, but doesn't favour any agent over others. 

Streptomycin and oxytetracycline are fairly cheap to produce
It is an argument that could potentially weaken the position, but we don't have information about the costs of producing vancomycin. 

Streptomycin and oxytetracycline runoff can damage water bodies.
It could strengthen the position, but vancomycin can also have the same effect (we don't have information)

Vancomycin is effective against a narrower range of bacteria than streptomycin and oxytetracycline are.
It is an argument that would most weaken the position, because it shows that vancomycin has narrower range of action than two other anti-bacterial agents

Streptomycin and oxytetracycline present in livestock further accumulate in humans who consume animal products.
This is an argument that would most strenghten the positionm because streptomycin and oxytetracycline accumulate inhumans, while vancomycin breaks down quickly. 
­
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 3): Organic chemist: Streptomycin and 11 Jul 2024, 02:43
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Bunuel
­Organic chemist: Streptomycin and oxytetracycline are two anti-bacterial agents used in commercial farming, and may pose a serious public health risk down the line. These anti-bacterial agents are liberally applied to crops grown for animal feed and, as a result, it is common to find livestock with a build up of the chemicals in their bodies. In fact, levels of the antibiotics in livestock have been found to be up to 100 times what is needed to break down the natural bacterial eco-system of the animal, an outcome that leads to poor health outcomes for the animal and increases the risk of anti-biotic resistant bacterial strains evolving within them.

A disease specialist intends to use the chemist’s observations to argue that vancomycin, a compound that breaks down much faster than streptomycin and oxytetracycline, should replace them in the production of livestock feed, reducing the build-up of anti-biotic agents in livestock. Select the information that, if true, would most strengthen the disease specialists’ position, and that which, if true would most weaken it. Make only two selections, one in each column.

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­Most Strengthen:
  • Streptomycin and oxytetracycline present in livestock further accumulate in humans who consume animal products.
    • Directly links antibiotic use in livestock to potential human health risks, emphasizing the need for a safer alternative like vancomycin.


Most Weaken:
  • Vancomycin is effective against a narrower range of bacteria than streptomycin and oxytetracycline are.
    • Raises concerns about the efficacy of vancomycin in protecting livestock from a wide array of bacterial infections, potentially compromising its suitability as a replacement.
­
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 3): Organic chemist: Streptomycin and 11 Jul 2024, 02:47
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Bunuel
­Organic chemist: Streptomycin and oxytetracycline are two anti-bacterial agents used in commercial farming, and may pose a serious public health risk down the line. These anti-bacterial agents are liberally applied to crops grown for animal feed and, as a result, it is common to find livestock with a build up of the chemicals in their bodies. In fact, levels of the antibiotics in livestock have been found to be up to 100 times what is needed to break down the natural bacterial eco-system of the animal, an outcome that leads to poor health outcomes for the animal and increases the risk of anti-biotic resistant bacterial strains evolving within them.

A disease specialist intends to use the chemist’s observations to argue that vancomycin, a compound that breaks down much faster than streptomycin and oxytetracycline, should replace them in the production of livestock feed, reducing the build-up of anti-biotic agents in livestock. Select the information that, if true, would most strengthen the disease specialists’ position, and that which, if true would most weaken it. Make only two selections, one in each column.

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­Most Strengthening Information:

Streptomycin and oxytetracycline present in livestock further accumulate in humans who consume animal products.Reason :  This strengthens the disease specialist’s position by highlighting the public health risk to humans from the accumulation of these antibiotics, supporting the need for an alternative like vancomycin that breaks down faster.

Most Weakening Information:


  1. Vancomycin is effective against a narrower range of bacteria than streptomycin and oxytetracycline are.
Reason: This information weakens the disease specialist’s position by suggesting that vancomycin may not be as effective in controlling bacterial infections in crops, potentially leading to more crop failures and undermining its utility as a replacement.
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 3): Organic chemist: Streptomycin and 11 Jul 2024, 02:52
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­From question stem we can understand,

Streptomycin and oxytetracycline - 
1. anti-bacterial agents used in commercial farming
2. may pose a serious public health risk down the line.
3. common to find livestock with a build up of the chemicals in their bodies.
4. could lead to poor health outcomes for the animal and increases the risk of anti-biotic resistant bacterial strains evolving within them.

vancomycin
1. breaks down much faster than streptomycin and oxytetracycline
2. reduces the build-up of anti-biotic agents in livestock

And suggestion is to replace Streptomycin and oxytetracycline with vanomycin

So we can guess that strengthen should provide additional support for vancomycin and weaken would provide additional support for Streptomycin and oxytetracycline.

Looking at the options - 
1. A high number of crop failures are attributed to bacterial infections each year.
Neither weaken nor strengthen. Even if they are statement provide no additional support for why one of agent should be used.
Eliminate

2. Streptomycin and oxytetracycline are fairly cheap to produce.
Could weaken the argument. But my guess is we should ignore it. No information is provided about weather vancomycin is cheap or costly to produce. Even if streptomycin and oxy are cheap, vanco could be cheaper.
Eliminate

3. Streptomycin and oxytetracycline runoff can damage water bodies. 
Could strengthen the argument. But it is weak. We do not know if vancomycin does same or not.
Eliminate

4. Vancomycin is effective against a narrower range of bacteria than streptomycin and oxytetracycline are.
This statement weakens the suggestion of using vancomycin. If it has narrower range effectiveness then that's a con and advantage for Streptomycin and oxytetracycline usage.
select Most Weaken 

5. Streptomycin and oxytetracycline present in livestock further accumulate in humans who consume animal products.
Passage did mention for streptomycin and oxytetracycline that they may pose a serious public health risk down the line. This statement provides additional support for it. If it affects human, then we should be using vancomycin. This strengthens the case.
select Most Strengthen

Option 2 and 3 are also candidates for answer but we are looking for most weaken and most strengthen. ­
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 3): Organic chemist: Streptomycin and 11 Jul 2024, 03:04
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1. The two anti-bacterial agents, S and O, may pose a serious public health risk down the line.
2. Elevated levels of S and O in livestock increases the risk of anti-biotic resistant bacterial strains evolving within the animals.
3. Compound V, which breaks down much faster than S and O, should replace them. This will reduce the build-up of anti-biotic agents in livestock.

Strengthens: Streptomycin and oxytetracycline present in livestock further accumulate in humans who consume animal products.
This statement addresses point 1 directly.

Weakens: Vancomycin is effective against a narrower range of bacteria than streptomycin and oxytetracycline are.
This might deter farmers from making the switch.­
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 3): Organic chemist: Streptomycin and 11 Jul 2024, 03:16
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Quote:
Organic chemist: Streptomycin and oxytetracycline are two anti-bacterial agents used in commercial farming, and may pose a serious public health risk down the line. These anti-bacterial agents are liberally applied to crops grown for animal feed and, as a result, it is common to find livestock with a build up of the chemicals in their bodies. In fact, levels of the antibiotics in livestock have been found to be up to 100 times what is needed to break down the natural bacterial eco-system of the animal, an outcome that leads to poor health outcomes for the animal and increases the risk of anti-biotic resistant bacterial strains evolving within them.
A disease specialist intends to use the chemist’s observations to argue that vancomycin, a compound that breaks down much faster than streptomycin and oxytetracycline, should replace them in the production of livestock feed, reducing the build-up of anti-biotic agents in livestock. Select the information that, if true, would most strengthen the disease specialists’ position, and that which, if true would most weaken it. Make only two selections, one in each column.Most StrengthenMost Weaken A high number of crop failures are attributed to bacterial infections each year.Streptomycin and oxytetracycline are fairly cheap to produce.Streptomycin and oxytetracycline runoff can damage water bodies.Vancomycin is effective against a narrower range of bacteria than streptomycin and oxytetracycline are.Streptomycin and oxytetracycline present in livestock further accumulate in humans who consume animal products.
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­1. This statement neither strengthen nor weakens. Irrelevant
2. Even if they are fairly cheap to produce, it does not weaken the specialist's position.
3. Can is the key word here. Even if it can damage we don't know that it does happen.
4. Weaken: This seems to weaken the specialist's position since Vancomycin does not work on some bacteria that the other two drugs work on.
5. Strengthen: This further makes the case in favor of Vancomycin since the harmful effects can accumulate in humans thus increasing the need to have a compound that breaks down easily.
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 3): Organic chemist: Streptomycin and 11 Jul 2024, 03:16
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­
1. A high number of crop failures are attributed to bacterial infections each year 
neither strengthens nor weakens disease specialists’ position, 

2. Streptomycin and oxytetracycline are fairly cheap to produce.
But the author's position is about replacing S and O with V in the production of livestock feed, reducing the build-up of anti-biotic agents in livestock. Cost is not the factor or reason that the speacialist is concerned with. (rather he was looking at the ability to break down faster)

3. Streptomycin and oxytetracycline runoff can damage water bodies.
From the given information in the passage, we don't know about whethere these repercussions are vital to consider the decision of choosing V over S & O. 

4. Vancomycin is effective against a narrower range of bacteria than streptomycin (S) and oxytetracycline (O) are.
Weakens disease specialists’ position as V is at a disadvantage compared to S and O. 

5. Streptomycin and oxytetracycline present in livestock further accumulate in humans who consume animal products.­

Strengthens disease specialists’ position as S and O have downsides as mentioned in the choice. ­
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 3): Organic chemist: Streptomycin and 11 Jul 2024, 03:39
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­Strengthen: Streptomycin and oxytetracycline present in livestock further accumulate in humans who consume animal products.

This information supports the argument that replacing streptomycin and oxytetracycline with vancomycin would reduce the accumulation of these antibiotics in livestock and, consequently, in humans. This reduction would likely decrease the risk of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.


Weaken: Vancomycin is effective against a narrower range of bacteria than streptomycin and oxytetracycline are.

This information weakens the disease specialist's argument because it suggests that vancomycin might not be as effective in protecting crops and livestock from bacterial infections, which could lead to less effective bacterial control and potentially more significant health risks.
 
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 3): Organic chemist: Streptomycin and 11 Jul 2024, 04:03
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 high number of crop failures are attributed to bacterial infections each year. Unrelated.
Streptomycin and oxytetracycline are fairly cheap to produce. We are not talking about its price but its effectiveness and accumulation.
Streptomycin and oxytetracycline runoff can damage water bodies. Same as above.
Weakens: Vancomycin is effective against a narrower range of bacteria than streptomycin and oxytetracycline are. It does not provide complete cover against bacteria.
Strengthens: Streptomycin and oxytetracycline present in livestock further accumulate in humans who consume animal products. The drugs are not only harmful to animals but humans too. There alternate should be used.
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 3): Organic chemist: Streptomycin and 11 Jul 2024, 04:20
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Most Strengthen:
Streptomycin and oxytetracycline present in livestock further accumulate in humans who consume animal products.
This information strengthens the argument by highlighting an additional public health risk of streptomycin and oxytetracycline, emphasizing the importance of reducing these antibiotics in livestock.
Most Weaken:
Vancomycin is effective against a narrower range of bacteria than streptomycin and oxytetracycline are.
This information weakens the argument by suggesting that vancomycin may not be as effective as streptomycin and oxytetracycline in preventing bacterial infections in crops, potentially leading to increased crop failures or other issues.
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 3): Organic chemist: Streptomycin and 11 Jul 2024, 04:45
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The disease specialists’ position- vancomycin (V) should replace streptomycin (S) and oxytetracycline (O) in the production of livestock feed.

Most Strengthen -
Streptomycin and oxytetracycline present in livestock further accumulate in humans who consume animal products.
Potential Problem with S and O. Since it is already leading to potential health problem in animals.If human consume animal prodcuts, than human are also at risk of anti-biotic resistant strains evolving with them.

Most Weakens
Vancomycin is effective against a narrower range of bacteria than streptomycin and oxytetracycline are.
If this is the case, than the basic intended funcion of the antibody to fight against the broad range of bacteria is not fullfilled. It is not good to replace S and O in the livestock feed with V.­
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