The following is the prompt that came in the exam:
The following appeared in an article in a health–and–fitness magazine:
“Laboratory studies show that Saluda Natural Spring Water contains several of the minerals necessary for good health and that it is completely free of bacteria. Residents of Saluda, the small town where the water is bottled, are hospitalized less frequently than the national average. Even though Saluda Natural Spring Water may seem expensive, drinking it instead of tap water is a wise investment in good health.”
Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counter examples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.
the following is my answer:
The health-and-fitness- magazine's article talks about some laboratory studies that show that Saluda Natural Spring Water contains several of the minerals necessary for good health and that it is completely free of bacteria to demonstrate that drinking Saluda Natural Spring Water is more beneficial than drinking tap water and thus a wise investment. This argument is flawed in various spectrums, especially that it is not detail oriented in the research it brings forward, and that it assumes a lot of factors that lack any ground in reality. Thus, this argument is faulty, unreliable and does not have any legs to stand on.
Coming to the first statement of the argument stating that some laboratory studies show that Saluda Spring Water is full of necessary minerals and devoid of any bacteria. This statement, although looking strong when stated in this way lacks a lot of details such as the reliability of the study concerning the scope of its samples, and the scientific methods used to test these samples. If the laboratory tested only for the good minerals, but ignored the presence of other minerals and their quantities which could be detrimental to health, then the whole argument regarding health benefits falls down. Additionally, if the scientific methods used to test the water were not advanced enough, there is a chance of presence of bacteria in the water which the tests couldn't conclusively find.
Coming to the second and third statement, wherein it is stated that just because the people of Saluda are hospitalized less frequently than the national average, it points to the fact that Saluda Natural Spring water is healthier than tap water. This statement essentially assumes the causality between the spring water and the health of people of Saluda. There could very well be other factors that are proving beneficial for the people of Saluda such as, availability of good healthcare services, healthy well-balanced diets and active lifestyle of the people.
The last statement advises to drink Natural spring water rather than tap water without providing any details regarding the composition of the tap water. If there aren't many differences in the mineral composition between those two, then it would not make economical sense for the people to pay significantly more for the spring water.
Based o all these points, the stated argument loses any realistic ground. This article would've been much more reliable if it would've included some details regarding the lab studies as well as some survey details regarding the lifestyle of the people of Saluda.
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bb Sajjad1994