Marian Anderson, the famous contralto, did not take success for grante

OFFICIAL EXPLANATION

The structure of the argument is:

Premise: Anyone who has to struggle early in life is able to keep a good perspective on the world.
Premise: Anderson had to struggle early in life.
Conclusion: Marian Anderson, the famous contralto, did not take success for granted. A mechanistic analysis reveals that “Anderson” is common to the conclusion and a premise, and “struggle early in life” is common to the two premises. Thus, we would not expect to see either in the correct answer. New elements that should be in the correct answer are “able to keep a good perspective on the world” and “did not take success for granted.” Only answer choices (B) and (E) contain both elements.

Since (B) and (E) are Reversals of each other, let us look at the conditional relationship present in the stimulus:

Premise: Struggle early in life able to keep a good perspective on the world.
Premise: Struggle early in life Anderson.
Conclusion: Did not take success for granted Anderson.

Clearly, we need a connection that moves from “able to keep a good perspective on the world” to “did not take success for granted,” such as the following: able to keep a good perspective on the world did not take success for granted. This relationship, which is the same as that presented in answer choice (B), ultimately creates a chain that can be used to prove the conclusion: struggle - keep a good perspective - did not take success for granted. The addition of the premise “Anderson struggled early in life” to the chain above yields the conclusion “Anderson did not take success for granted.” Hence, answer choice (B) is correct.

Answer choice (E) is a Mistaken Reversal of the correct answer.