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Dear Friends,

Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
brothers
Part of the proposed increase in state education spending is due to higher enrollment, since the number of students in public schools have grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at a record high.


(A) enrollment, since the number of students in public schools have grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at

(B) enrollment, with a number of students in public schools growing steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, reaching

(C) enrollment: since students in public schools have grown steadily in number since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, have reached

(D) enrollment: the number of students in public schools has grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, has reached

(E) enrollment: students in public schools have grown steadily in number, since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at

Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:
Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended meaning of the crucial part of this sentence is that the number of students in public schools has grown steadily since the mid-1980s and has reached a record high of 47 million.

Concepts tested here: Subject-Verb Agreement + Meaning + Grammatical Construction + Awkwardness/Redundancy

• Semicolons and the “comma + conjunction” construction are used to link two independent clauses; commas are used to link an independent clause with a dependent one; commas cannot be used to join two independent clauses.
• Colons are used to join two independent clauses when the second explains or illustrates the first.

A: This answer choice incorrectly refers to the singular noun "number" with the plural verbs "have reached" and "are".

B: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "with a number of students in public schools growing steadily"; the construction of this phrase illogically implies that the students themselves have been growing steadily; the intended meaning is that the students have been growing steadily in number.

C: This answer choice incorrectly uses the construction "colon + conjunction ("since" in this case)" to join the independent clauses "Part of the proposed increase...enrollment" and "students in public schools have grown steadily in number...high"; remember, semicolons and the “comma + conjunction” construction are used to link two independent clauses. Further, Option C uses the needlessly wordy and indirect phrase "students in public schools have grown steadily in number", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.

D: Correct. This answer choice correctly refers to the singular noun "number" with the singular verbs "has reached" and "have reached". Further, Option D uses the phrase "the number of students"; the construction of this phrase conveys the intended meaning - that the students have been growing steadily in number. Additionally, Option D correctly uses a colon to join the independent clauses "Part of the proposed increase...enrollment" and "the number of students in public schools has grown steadily...high"; remember, colons are used to join two independent clauses when the second explains or illustrates the first. Besides, Option D is free of any awkwardness or redundancy.

E: This answer choice uses the needlessly wordy and indirect phrase "have grown steadily in number", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.

Hence, D is the best answer choice.

To understand the use of punctuation on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~10 minutes):



All the best!
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in the above question we have verb agreement and parallelism error

choice a is out since the number doesn't agree with plural verb have
choice d is parallel has grown vs has reached and also concise when compared with other choices

so my choice is D
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brothers
Part of the proposed increase in state education spending is due to higher enrollment, since the number of students in public schools have grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at a record high.
(A) enrollment, since the number of students in public schools have grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at
(B) enrollment, with a number of students in public schools growing steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, reaching
(C) enrollment: since students in public schools have grown steadily in number since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, have reached
(D) enrollment: the number of student in public schools has grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, has reached
(E) enrollment: students in public schools have grown steadily in number, since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at

Option D has a serious error, students should be plural with an s appended to the end, instead it is presented in a singular form, making the sentence more awkwardly sounding. I seriously don't think this is the kind of a common GMAT trap, if so, GMAT is stooping low. Anyhow, if this is just a human error by the person who posed the question, then it is fine and D should be the answer.

Otherwise, if that's how the option is, then E should be the answer.
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brothers
Part of the proposed increase in state education spending is due to higher enrollment, since the number of students in public schools have grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at a record high.
(A) enrollment, since the number of students in public schools have grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at
(B) enrollment, with a number of students in public schools growing steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, reaching
(C) enrollment: since students in public schools have grown steadily in number since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, have reached
(D) enrollment: the number of student in public schools has grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, has reached
(E) enrollment: students in public schools have grown steadily in number, since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at

Option D has a serious error, students should be plural with an s appended to the end, instead it is presented in a singular form, making the sentence more awkwardly sounding. I seriously don't think this is the kind of a common GMAT trap, if so, GMAT is stooping low. Anyhow, if this is just a human error by the person who posed the question, then it is fine and D should be the answer.

Otherwise, if that's how the option is, then E should be the answer.

There is no mistake in D as it is.
"The number of" is Singular. So it needs a singular "Student".
If it was "a number of" then "students" will be the correct usage.
Hence D is correct.
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sang5650

There is no mistake in D as it is.
"The number of" is Singular. So it needs a singular "Student".
If it was "a number of" then "students" will be the correct usage.
Hence D is correct.

Note this rule -

We use a singular verb with the phrase "the number of".
e.g -- The number of club members has increased this year.

We use a plural verb with the phrase "a number of".
e.g -- A number of students were absent today.

As you see, "the number of students" is the correct form.
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there is obvious mistake of "the number of student" ...
but there is another mistake..which is a typo in the ques itself.. please see the link at MGMAt forums for the same ques...the correct ans is D.. :)

https://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/par ... t2450.html

PS: kudos please of you like my post... :)
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brothers
Part of the proposed increase in state education spending is due to higher enrollment, since the number of students in public schools have grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at a record high.

(A) enrollment, since the number of students in public schools have grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at
(B) enrollment, with a number of students in public schools growing steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, reaching
(C) enrollment: since students in public schools have grown steadily in number since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, have reached
(D) enrollment: the number of student in public schools has grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, has reached
(E) enrollment: students in public schools have grown steadily in number, since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at

regarding choice B.
whenever we see , doing, we have to give it a tense. in this case, growing takes tense of main clause "is" so, growing has present tense. this is not logic because present tense can not go with since.
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I have a doubt in D: shouldn't there be "and" between two "has" to make the sentence parallel and correct ??
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amalganatra
I have a doubt in D: shouldn't there be "and" between two "has" to make the sentence parallel and correct ??


Hello amalganatra,

I will be glad to help resolve your doubt. :-)

Following is the structure of this official sentence with Choice D:

Part of the proposed increase in state education spending is due to higher enrollment:
the number of student in public schools
    has grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and,
    at nearly 47 million, has reached a record high.


I hope now you can spot the connector and between the two verbs.


Hope this helps. :-)
Thanks.
Shraddha
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Hi,

Can someone explain what's the subject of "has reached" in option D? I couldn't connect the verb with any subject here. Many thanks
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beatgmat2016
Hi,

Can someone explain what's the subject of "has reached" in option D? I couldn't connect the verb with any subject here. Many thanks
Hi beatgmat2016, the subject is the number of students.
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VeritasKarishma what is problem with opt B ?
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VeritasKarishma what is problem with opt B ?


In (B), "a number of students" is wrong. It means "many students". Many students are not growing steadily. The number (of students) is growing steadily.

Note the difference between the use of
a number of X - many X
A number of people will come to the party.

the number of - tells us how many X there are
At the party, the number of people was 52.
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brothers
Part of the proposed increase in state education spending is due to higher enrollment, since the number of students in public schools have grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at a record high.


(A) enrollment, since the number of students in public schools have grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at

(B) enrollment, with a number of students in public schools growing steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, reaching

(C) enrollment: since students in public schools have grown steadily in number since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, have reached

(D) enrollment: the number of students in public schools has grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, has reached

(E) enrollment: students in public schools have grown steadily in number, since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at

Pre-thinking -
1. What has grown steadily? -> The number of students
2. What is at a record high? The same number identified above

Now to eliminate answers -
A : the number of students - Subject needs a singular verb. Also tense is incorrect
enrollment, since the number of students in public schools have grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at

B : Keep in mind what the subject is. This sentence wrongly considers the students as the subject and not the number of students.

"with a number of students in public schools growing steadily" > What this is implying is that the students are growing and not the number itself.

C : This option again considers students as the subject but changes the context of the statement. Follow the role of the subject as you read C -

enrollment: since students in public schools have grown steadily in number since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, have reached

Students have reached a record high? Or the number of students have reached a record high?

D : enrollment: the number of students in public schools has grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, has reached
Subject - Number of students
Correct

E : enrollment: students [Subject] in public schools have grown steadily in number, since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at

Students have grown in number - Correct
Students are at a record high? - Incorrect, wrong subject
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brothers
Part of the proposed increase in state education spending is due to higher enrollment, since the number of students in public schools have grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at a record high.


(A) enrollment, since the number of students in public schools have grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at

(B) enrollment, with a number of students in public schools growing steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, reaching

(C) enrollment: since students in public schools have grown steadily in number since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, have reached

(D) enrollment: the number of students in public schools has grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, has reached

(E) enrollment: students in public schools have grown steadily in number, since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at

This question is based on Subject-Verb Agreement and Construction.

In Option A, the plural verbs ‘have’ and ‘are’ do not agree with the subject “the number of students”. "The number" is always considered a singular subject. So, Option A can be eliminated.

“A number of students”, meaning ‘many students’, cannot grow or reach a record high. The meaning conveyed by Option B is illogical. So, B can be eliminated.

The same error in meaning is present in Option C. So, C can be eliminated.

In Option D, the verbs ‘has grown’ and ‘has reached’ agree with the subject “the number of students”. So, D is the best of all the options.

“Students” cannot be said to grow or be at a record high. So, Option E can also be eliminated.

Therefore, D is the most appropriate option.

Jayanthi Kumar.
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Why is B wrong here? Is the construction of 'with+noun+ing' always wrong? generis
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Why is B wrong here? Is the construction of 'with+noun+ing' always wrong? generis


Adding my few cents:

Why I choose D?


Meaning wise:
B says -- > Something is due to X, with Y happening ( not always wrong but depends on context)
D says -- > something is due to X: what is X (Y)
Because Y seems more like explanation of X ; not a separate idea.


2.) A number vs the number
What I want to say :
Enrollment is growing: and has reached a record high
Seems some number
In B I get a number of students (means many students) vs in D I get the number (
D indicates number that has reached a record high instead of B that indicates many students enrolling and many students a record high
Many students reaching a record high- actually doesn’t seem to make sense

I hope you would agree now for D over B.
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