Economist wrote:
The percentage of households with an annual income of more than $40,000 is higher in Merton County than in any other county. However, the percentage of households with an annual income of $60,000 or more is higher in Sommer County.
If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true?
(A) The percentage of households with an annual income of $80,000 is higher in Sommer County than in Merton County.
(B) Merton County has the second highest percentage of households with an annual income of $60,000 or more.
(C) Some households in Merton County have an annual income between $40,000 and $60,000.
(D) The number of households with an annual income of more than $40,000 is greater in Merton County than in Sommer County.
(E) Average annual household income is higher in Sommer County than in Merton County.
Source : OG2017, Diagnostic Test, V72, P35
Merton County
Step 1: Identify the QuestionThe question asks which of the answers must also be true, so this is an Inference question.
Step 2: Deconstruct the Argument>40K: M highest %
>60K: S % > M %
Step 3: Pause and State the GoalOn
Inference questions, the answer is something that
must be true based on the information in the argument. If any part of an answer is not supported by the given information, then that answer is not correct.
Step 4: Work from Wrong to Right(A) The argument confirms that the percentage of households in Sommer County with incomes above $60,000 is higher than the percentage in Merton County, but no information is provided about incomes over $80,000.
This answer might not be true if many households in Sommer County have incomes between $60,000 and $80,000.
(B)
No other counties are mentioned in the argument. Merton County could be the county with the second highest percentage of incomes over $60,000 (after Sommer County), but there could be other counties above Merton.
(C)
CORRECT. For Merton County to have the highest percentage of households with income over $40,000 but not the highest percentage with income over $60,000, some households must be in the first group (over $40,000) but not the second group (over $60,000). These households are those with income between $40,000 and $60,000.
(D) The argument provides information only about percentages of households in each county with certain income levels. The number of households with these income levels depends on the size of the county. If Merton County has many fewer households than Sommer County, this answer might not be true.
(E) The argument provides information only about the percentage of households exceeding particular income thresholds; this information is
not sufficient to calculate averages. Consider what might happen to average income if one household with an annual income of $10B moved from one county to the other.
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