Last visit was: 18 Nov 2025, 23:35 It is currently 18 Nov 2025, 23:35
Close
GMAT Club Daily Prep
Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.

Customized
for You

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History

Track
Your Progress

every week, we’ll send you an estimated GMAT score based on your performance

Practice
Pays

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History
Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.
Close
Request Expert Reply
Confirm Cancel
555-605 Level|   Parallelism|   Subject Verb Agreement|                     
User avatar
AbdurRakib
Joined: 11 May 2014
Last visit: 08 Nov 2025
Posts: 465
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 220
Status:I don't stop when I'm Tired,I stop when I'm done
Location: Bangladesh
Concentration: Finance, Leadership
GPA: 2.81
WE:Business Development (Real Estate)
Posts: 465
Kudos: 42,843
 [451]
44
Kudos
Add Kudos
405
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Most Helpful Reply
User avatar
egmat
User avatar
e-GMAT Representative
Joined: 02 Nov 2011
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 5,108
Own Kudos:
32,884
 [85]
Given Kudos: 700
GMAT Date: 08-19-2020
Expert
Expert reply
Active GMAT Club Expert! Tag them with @ followed by their username for a faster response.
Posts: 5,108
Kudos: 32,884
 [85]
69
Kudos
Add Kudos
15
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
User avatar
GMATNinja
User avatar
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
Joined: 13 Aug 2009
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 7,445
Own Kudos:
69,780
 [42]
Given Kudos: 2,060
Status: GMAT/GRE/LSAT tutors
Location: United States (CO)
GMAT 1: 780 Q51 V46
GMAT 2: 800 Q51 V51
GRE 1: Q170 V170
GRE 2: Q170 V170
Products:
Expert
Expert reply
GMAT 2: 800 Q51 V51
GRE 1: Q170 V170
GRE 2: Q170 V170
Posts: 7,445
Kudos: 69,780
 [42]
29
Kudos
Add Kudos
13
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
User avatar
GMATNinja
User avatar
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
Joined: 13 Aug 2009
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 7,445
Own Kudos:
69,780
 [32]
Given Kudos: 2,060
Status: GMAT/GRE/LSAT tutors
Location: United States (CO)
GMAT 1: 780 Q51 V46
GMAT 2: 800 Q51 V51
GRE 1: Q170 V170
GRE 2: Q170 V170
Products:
Expert
Expert reply
GMAT 2: 800 Q51 V51
GRE 1: Q170 V170
GRE 2: Q170 V170
Posts: 7,445
Kudos: 69,780
 [32]
25
Kudos
Add Kudos
5
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
adkikani
Hi GMATNinja,
My query is regarding option D.
Does not attest means : to provide evidence of .. ?
As per my understanding, findings make more sense than waterlogged balls.
Can you please elaborate what I missed?
WR,
Arpit.

I'd still argue that the "balls... and representations of players" are much better evidence for "the fact that the Mesoamerican ballgame was well established" than "the finding of balls..." and "the painting of representations..." It's the balls and representations that provide the actual evidence -- not the fact that they were found and painted.

But you know what? I also made (D) much harder than it needed to be! As Sahil01 pointed out, "the finding... and the painting... attests" is totally wrong in (D). So I'd argue that my rant about meaning is still correct... but it's an unnecessarily painful and inefficient way to eliminate (D). Oops.

-10 kudos points for me!
User avatar
ExpertsGlobal5
User avatar
Experts' Global Representative
Joined: 10 Jul 2017
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 5,195
Own Kudos:
4,762
 [18]
Given Kudos: 43
Location: India
GMAT Date: 11-01-2019
Expert
Expert reply
Active GMAT Club Expert! Tag them with @ followed by their username for a faster response.
Posts: 5,195
Kudos: 4,762
 [18]
9
Kudos
Add Kudos
9
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Dear Friends,

Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
AbdurRakib
While most of the earliest known ball courts in Mesoamerica date to 900–400 b.c., waterlogged latex balls found at El Manati and representations of ballplayers painted on ceramics found at San Lorenzo attest to the fact that the Mesoamerican ballgame was well established by the mid-thirteenth century b.c.


(A) waterlogged latex balls found at El Manati and representations of ballplayers painted on ceramics found at San Lorenzo attest

(B) waterlogged latex balls found at El Manati and the painting of representations of ballplayers on ceramics found at San Lorenzo attests

(C) waterlogged latex balls found at El Manati and ceramics painted with representations of ballplayers found at San Lorenzo attests

(D) the finding of waterlogged latex balls at El Manati and the painting of representations of ballplayers on ceramics found at San Lorenzo attests

(E) the finding of waterlogged latex balls at El Manati and of representations of ballplayers painted on ceramics at San Lorenzo attest

Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:
Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended core meaning of this sentence is that waterlogged latex balls found at El Manati and representations of ballplayers painted on ceramics found at San Lorenzo attest to the fact that the Mesoamerican ballgame was well established by the mid-thirteenth century b.c.

Concepts tested here: Subject-Verb Agreement + Meaning

A: Correct. This answer choice correctly refers to the plural noun phrase "waterlogged latex balls...and representations of ballplayers painted on ceramics" with the plural verb "attest". Further, Option A uses the phrase "waterlogged latex balls found at El Manati and representations of ballplayers painted on ceramics found at San Lorenzo attest", conveying the intended meaning - that waterlogged latex balls and representations of ballplayers that were painted on ceramics attest to the fact that the Mesoamerican ballgame was well established by the mid-thirteenth century b.c.

B: This answer choice incorrectly refers to the plural noun phrase "waterlogged latex balls...and the painting..." with the singular verb "attests"; please remember, two singular elements joined by "and" function as a single plural noun phrase. Further, Option B alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "the painting of representations of ballplayers"; the construction of this phrase incorrectly implies that the act of painting representations of ballplayers on ceramics found at San Lorenzo attests to the fact that the Mesoamerican ballgame was well established by the mid-thirteenth century b.c; the intended meaning is that the ceramics found at San Lorenzo were painted with representations of ballplayers and the representations attest to the fact that the Mesoamerican ballgame was well established by the mid-thirteenth century b.c.

C: This answer choice incorrectly refers to the plural noun phrase "waterlogged latex balls...and the ceramics..." with the singular verb "attests"; please remember, two singular elements joined by "and" function as a single plural noun phrase.

D: This answer choice incorrectly refers to the plural noun phrase "the finding...and the painting..." with the singular verb "attests"; please remember, two singular elements joined by "and" function as a single plural noun phrase. Further, Option D alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "the finding...and the painting..."; the construction of this phrase incorrectly implies that the act of finding waterlogged latex balls at El Manati and the act of painting representations of ballplayers on ceramics found at San Lorenzo attest to the fact that the Mesoamerican ballgame was well established by the mid-thirteenth century b.c; the intended meaning is that the waterlogged latex balls and the representations themselves attest to the fact that the Mesoamerican ballgame was well established by the mid-thirteenth century b.c.

E: This answer choice incorrectly refers to the singular noun "the finding" with the plural verb "attest". Further, Option E alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "the finding of"; the construction of this phrase incorrectly implies that the act of finding waterlogged latex balls at El Manati and representations of ballplayers painted on ceramics at San Lorenzo attest to the fact that the Mesoamerican ballgame was well established by the mid-thirteenth century b.c; the intended meaning is that the waterlogged latex balls and the representations themselves attest to the fact that the Mesoamerican ballgame was well established by the mid-thirteenth century b.c.

Hence, A is the best answer choice.

All the best!
Experts' Global Team
General Discussion
User avatar
pushpitkc
Joined: 26 Feb 2016
Last visit: 19 Feb 2025
Posts: 2,803
Own Kudos:
6,063
 [16]
Given Kudos: 47
Location: India
GPA: 3.12
Posts: 2,803
Kudos: 6,063
 [16]
13
Kudos
Add Kudos
3
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
The sentence is correct as is.
The two items of the list, waterlogged latex balls.... and representations of ballplayers..... Attest(Plural verb)

In Option B,C and D, the singular verb 'attests' makes the answer choices incorrect.

The other option E, which uses plural verb has an imperfect list(items in the list are not grammatically parallel) and has awkward formation.
avatar
dabhishek87
Joined: 19 Aug 2015
Last visit: 02 Oct 2017
Posts: 62
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 24
Location: India
GMAT 1: 650 Q49 V30
GMAT 1: 650 Q49 V30
Posts: 62
Kudos: 14
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Between A and E, I chose E.
Can someone please explain why E is wrong? Is it just because of concision?
I did not fully understood that in E, two phrases are not grammatically parallel as mentioned by @pusphitkc
User avatar
TheMechanic
Joined: 19 Oct 2012
Last visit: 05 Jul 2018
Posts: 219
Own Kudos:
583
 [3]
Given Kudos: 103
Location: India
Concentration: General Management, Operations
GMAT 1: 660 Q47 V35
GMAT 2: 710 Q50 V38
GPA: 3.81
WE:Information Technology (Computer Software)
3
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Eliminating option D took a while. Besides D being wordier than A, is there any thing else in D which renders it incorrect?
User avatar
adkikani
User avatar
IIM School Moderator
Joined: 04 Sep 2016
Last visit: 24 Dec 2023
Posts: 1,236
Own Kudos:
1,343
 [2]
Given Kudos: 1,207
Location: India
WE:Engineering (Other)
Posts: 1,236
Kudos: 1,343
 [2]
2
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
GMATNinja
Hm, they found waterlogged latex balls in Mesoamerica from 900-400 b.c.?!? Wow, the 2018 OG is more interesting than I expected. (My copy of it is looking at me right now. I've barely had time to open it. :( )

TheMechanic
Eliminating option D took a while. Besides D being wordier than A, is there any thing else in D which renders it incorrect?
I think we could also argue that (D) doesn't really convey the meaning of the sentence as clearly as (A). In each answer choice, what is it that "attests to the fact that the Mesoamerican ballgame was well established..."? In (A), it's the waterlogged balls themselves and the representations of the ballplayers that give us information about the ballgame -- and that makes a lot of sense. In (D), it's "the finding" (of the balls) and "the painting" (of the representations) that tells us about the history of the ballgame -- and that makes much less sense to me.

I'm not 100% sure that (D) would be absolutely wrong in isolation, but it conveys the meaning much less clearly than (A).

I hope this helps!

Hi GMATNinja,
My query is regarding option D.
Does not attest means : to provide evidence of .. ?
As per my understanding, findings make more sense than waterlogged balls.
Can you please elaborate what I missed?
WR,
Arpit.
avatar
Sahil01
Joined: 24 May 2017
Last visit: 22 Jul 2017
Posts: 13
Own Kudos:
32
 [14]
Given Kudos: 1
Posts: 13
Kudos: 32
 [14]
13
Kudos
Add Kudos
1
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
While most of the earliest known ball courts in Mesoamerica date to 900–400 b.c., waterlogged latex balls found at El Manati and representations of ballplayers painted on ceramics found at San Lorenzo attest to the fact that the Mesoamerican ballgame was well established by the mid-thirteenth century b.c.

(A) waterlogged latex balls found at El Manati and representations of ballplayers painted on ceramics found at San Lorenzo attest
(B) waterlogged latex balls found at El Manati and the painting of representations of ballplayers on ceramics found at San Lorenzo attests
(C) waterlogged latex balls found at El Manati and ceramics painted with representations of ballplayers found at San Lorenzo attests
(D) the finding of waterlogged latex balls at El Manati and the painting of representations of ballplayers on ceramics found at San Lorenzo attests
(E) the finding of waterlogged latex balls at El Manati and of representations of ballplayers painted on ceramics at San Lorenzo attest

B, C, D -> out as "attests" does not work with plural subjects "waterlogged latex.." + "ceramics painted..."
E -> eliminated because "attest" does not work with subject "finding"
A -> therefore is CORRECT
User avatar
carcass
User avatar
Board of Directors
Joined: 01 Sep 2010
Last visit: 17 Nov 2025
Posts: 4,754
Own Kudos:
37,013
 [10]
Given Kudos: 4,856
Posts: 4,754
Kudos: 37,013
 [10]
7
Kudos
Add Kudos
2
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Gmat is a test for managers (or future managers), in which you have to use logic and leverage your time at the best and in the most efficient way.

Conclusion: why you must spend millions of years to eviscerate a question, in which using the split singular/plural you boil down the answer choices between A and E, and as a consequence E is really bad, and from this A is the best. All this process in 25 seconds and move one the next question and level of difficulty...

This is the meaning of the test indeed. Keep in mind.

GMATNinja I am ready being stoned to death for what I said ...... :roll: :roll:
User avatar
GMATNinja
User avatar
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
Joined: 13 Aug 2009
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 7,445
Own Kudos:
69,780
 [5]
Given Kudos: 2,060
Status: GMAT/GRE/LSAT tutors
Location: United States (CO)
GMAT 1: 780 Q51 V46
GMAT 2: 800 Q51 V51
GRE 1: Q170 V170
GRE 2: Q170 V170
Products:
Expert
Expert reply
GMAT 2: 800 Q51 V51
GRE 1: Q170 V170
GRE 2: Q170 V170
Posts: 7,445
Kudos: 69,780
 [5]
3
Kudos
Add Kudos
1
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
carcass
Gmat is a test for managers (or future managers), in which you have to use logic and leverage your time at the best and in the most efficient way.

Conclusion: why you must spend millions of years to eviscerate a question, in which using the split singular/plural you boil down the answer choices between A and E, and as a consequence E is really bad, and from this A is the best. All this process in 25 seconds and move one the next question and level of difficulty...

This is the meaning of the test indeed. Keep in mind.

GMATNinja I am ready being stoned to death for what I said ...... :roll: :roll:

Lol, I'm staying out of this! ;)
avatar
Shiv2016
Joined: 02 Sep 2016
Last visit: 14 Aug 2024
Posts: 516
Own Kudos:
211
 [1]
Given Kudos: 277
Posts: 516
Kudos: 211
 [1]
Kudos
Add Kudos
1
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Hello GMATNinja and @e-gmat

If the verb in both these options was 'attest', then which option would be correct?

(B) waterlogged latex balls found at El Manati and the painting of representations of ballplayers on ceramics found at San Lorenzo attests
(C) waterlogged latex balls found at El Manati and ceramics painted with representations of ballplayers found at San Lorenzo attests
User avatar
sayantanc2k
Joined: 14 Dec 2013
Last visit: 09 Dec 2022
Posts: 2,393
Own Kudos:
15,523
 [7]
Given Kudos: 26
Location: Germany
Schools:
GMAT 1: 780 Q50 V47
WE:Corporate Finance (Pharmaceuticals and Biotech)
Expert
Expert reply
Schools:
GMAT 1: 780 Q50 V47
Posts: 2,393
Kudos: 15,523
 [7]
7
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Shiv2016
Hello GMATNinja and @e-gmat

If the verb in both these options was 'attest', then which option would be correct?

(B) waterlogged latex balls found at El Manati and the painting of representations of ballplayers on ceramics found at San Lorenzo attests
(C) waterlogged latex balls found at El Manati and ceramics painted with representations of ballplayers found at San Lorenzo attests

Both would be correct - the meaning implied in the first case would be that the "painting" attests and in the second would be that the "ceramics" attest. Both these meanings make sense.

Note: The hypothetical subjunctive of verb "to be" is "were", NOT "was". Thus your sentence should be: If the verb in both these options was WERE 'attest'....
User avatar
gmatexam439
User avatar
Moderator
Joined: 28 Mar 2017
Last visit: 18 Oct 2024
Posts: 1,064
Own Kudos:
2,159
 [2]
Given Kudos: 200
Location: India
Concentration: Finance, Technology
GMAT 1: 730 Q49 V41
GPA: 4
Products:
GMAT 1: 730 Q49 V41
Posts: 1,064
Kudos: 2,159
 [2]
2
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
carcass
Gmat is a test for managers (or future managers), in which you have to use logic and leverage your time at the best and in the most efficient way.

Conclusion: why you must spend millions of years to eviscerate a question, in which using the split singular/plural you boil down the answer choices between A and E, and as a consequence E is really bad, and from this A is the best. All this process in 25 seconds and move one the next question and level of difficulty...

This is the meaning of the test indeed. Keep in mind.

GMATNinja I am ready being stoned to death for what I said ...... :roll: :roll:

Hi,

Could you please explain what is wrong with E?
findings can attest if the balls can since both are inanimate..."E" is pefectly grammatical.

Since its OG ques I am definitely missing something. Kindly throw some light on what I am mis-interpreting.

Regards
User avatar
akshayk
Joined: 06 Jul 2016
Last visit: 21 Sep 2020
Posts: 273
Own Kudos:
414
 [1]
Given Kudos: 99
Location: Singapore
Concentration: Strategy, Finance
Posts: 273
Kudos: 414
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
gmatexam439
carcass
Gmat is a test for managers (or future managers), in which you have to use logic and leverage your time at the best and in the most efficient way.

Conclusion: why you must spend millions of years to eviscerate a question, in which using the split singular/plural you boil down the answer choices between A and E, and as a consequence E is really bad, and from this A is the best. All this process in 25 seconds and move one the next question and level of difficulty...

This is the meaning of the test indeed. Keep in mind.

GMATNinja I am ready being stoned to death for what I said ...... :roll: :roll:

Hi,

Could you please explain what is wrong with E?
findings can attest if the balls can since both are inanimate..."E" is pefectly grammatical.

Since its OG ques I am definitely missing something. Kindly throw some light on what I am mis-interpreting.

Regards

The finding - Singular Subject
Attest - Plural Verb
So we have a Subject Verb disagreement in the sentence.
avatar
KGump
Joined: 11 Jun 2016
Last visit: 16 Apr 2020
Posts: 55
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 103
Location: India
GMAT 1: 680 Q49 V35
GMAT 2: 690 Q49 V34
GPA: 3.4
GMAT 2: 690 Q49 V34
Posts: 55
Kudos: 27
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Hi @gmatninja, Experts,

I believe that options B and D can also be discarded as they change the meaning.

They imply that a single painting was found. Moreover, it is unclear if the painting was "on ceramics" or the painting was of "representation of ballplayers on ceramics".

Please confirm if this understanding is correct
User avatar
egmat
User avatar
e-GMAT Representative
Joined: 02 Nov 2011
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 5,108
Own Kudos:
32,884
 [1]
Given Kudos: 700
GMAT Date: 08-19-2020
Expert
Expert reply
Active GMAT Club Expert! Tag them with @ followed by their username for a faster response.
Posts: 5,108
Kudos: 32,884
 [1]
Kudos
Add Kudos
1
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
kunal1608
Hi GMATNinja, Experts,

I believe that options B and D can also be discarded as they change the meaning.

They imply that a single painting was found. Moreover, it is unclear if the painting was "on ceramics" or the painting was of "representation of ballplayers on ceramics".

Please confirm if this understanding is correct



Hello kunal1608,

I will be glad to help you out with this one. :-)

Yes, the meaning issue that you have identified in Choice B and D is correct.

Well done there. Keep up the good job. :thumbup:


Hope this helps. :-)
Thanks.
Shraddha
avatar
jyotipes21@gmail.com
Joined: 20 Sep 2016
Last visit: 29 Jul 2018
Posts: 11
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 133
Posts: 11
Kudos: 2
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Hi,
Am not clear on why D is wrong ?
(D) the finding of waterlogged latex balls at El Manati and the painting of representations of ballplayers on ceramics found at San Lorenzo attests

the finding is singular so does the verb "attests"
User avatar
daagh
User avatar
Major Poster
Joined: 19 Feb 2007
Last visit: 16 Oct 2020
Posts: 5,264
Own Kudos:
42,418
 [6]
Given Kudos: 422
Status: enjoying
Location: India
WE:Education (Education)
Expert
Expert reply
Posts: 5,264
Kudos: 42,418
 [6]
5
Kudos
Add Kudos
1
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Quote:
D. the finding of waterlogged latex balls at El Manati and the painting of representations of ballplayers on ceramics found at San Lorenzo attests
D may not be excluded just on a simplistic view that it is not concise. There is more stylistic as well as unclear grammar about it than what meets the eye.
One could imply a few things about D as below

1. " The finding of the ball and the painting" "--- When we refer to some nouns generically, it is a good style to use plurals. Else, we may suffer inadvertently from referencing any particular event of a phenomenon because no one draws judgments from singular occurrences. They are deduced from several evidences. Maybe ---the finding or the painting -- is not as appropriate as its plural.
2."The finding of" as singular subject at the beginning is redundant with the participle found at the rear part.
3. Structurally, the finding of --- waterlogged latex balls and the painting of representations found --- is not parallel. One may note that they are two different phenomena at two different locations and cannot be grouped in a single observation. In contrast, one can see how neatly the parallelism has been espoused in A.
 1   2   3   4   
Moderators:
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
7445 posts
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
234 posts
188 posts