Let us first dissect the sentence.
During the reign of Mary I of England, - This is a dependent clause.
the same Elizabeth
who would later accede to the throne – this is a restrictive clause
was imprisoned on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels.
(A) During the reign of Mary I of England, the same Elizabeth who would later accede to the throne was imprisoned on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels.
(B) Having been imprisoned on suspicion of supporting Protest rebels during the reign of Mary I of England, the same Elizabeth will later accede to the throne.
Having been imprisoned – unnecessary and wordy. The use of will in the later part of the sentence is incorrect since the event happened in the past.
(C) Imprisoned during the reign of Mary I of England on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels, the same throne later fell to Elizabeth herself.
This is a train wreck. This changes the meaning of the sentence and states that a physical throne fell on Elizabeth. HAHA Further imprisoned modifies the throne which is incorrect.
(D) During the reign of Mary I of England, the same Elizabeth who will later accede to the throne was imprisoned on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels.
The use of will is incorrect in the sentence because this is a future perfect tense describing an event in the past.
(E) Having been imprisoned during the reign of Mary I of England on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels, the throne later fell to the same Elizabeth.
Having been imprisoned – unnecessary and wordy. This changes the meaning of the sentence and states that a physical throne fell on Elizabeth. HAHA Further having been modifies the throne
Answer is A.
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