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C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
65%
(hard)
Question Stats:
55% (01:47) correct
45%
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wrong
based on 1458
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While critics have written off the APG company’s new Model T chandelier, owing to its poor sales across the globe, the Model T is actually not a complete failure because it has managed to sell 10,000 pieces in Eastern Europe, a market in which rival companies haven’t even managed to sell 5,000 pieces of their respective chandeliers.
Which of the following is assumed in the above argument?
(A) If a chandelier does not sell well in the Eastern European market, then it is a complete failure.
(B) The Eastern European market is the biggest market for chandeliers.
(C) If a chandelier sells well in the Eastern European market, then it cannot be considered a complete failure.
(D) The Model T is the only type of chandelier manufactured by the APG company.
(E) If the Model T had not sold in good numbers in Eastern Europe, then it could have been considered a complete failure.
Which of the following is assumed in the above argument?
(A) If a chandelier does not sell well in the Eastern European market, then it is a complete failure.
(B) The Eastern European market is the biggest market for chandeliers.
(C) If a chandelier sells well in the Eastern European market, then it cannot be considered a complete failure.
(D) The Model T is the only type of chandelier manufactured by the APG company.
(E) If the Model T had not sold in good numbers in Eastern Europe, then it could have been considered a complete failure.
31 Oct 2018, 11:43
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Actually, the negation of "If X, then Y" is "If X, MAYBE not Y." Let me give you an example:
Proposed Conditional: If you play the lottery, you will win millions of dollars.
Do you agree with this proposed conditional? Probably not! So we want to negate it. Should we say "If you play the lottery, you will NOT win millions of dollars"? Wait, that doesn't seem right. People do win the lottery; it's just not a very common outcome. If we say "It's not true that if you play the lottery, you will win millions of dollars," what we mean is "It is possible to play the lottery and NOT win millions of dollars." The proposed sufficient condition (playing the lottery) can happen without the proposed necessary condition (winning millions).
Negated Conditional: If you play the lottery, you MAY NOT win millions of dollars.
Now what about a conditional that you think is wrong in ALL cases?
Crazy Conditional: If you are in China, you are in Africa.
WHAT?!? This is clearly false and we want to negate it, but it seems funny to say "If you are in China, you MAY NOT be in Africa," right? It feels better to say "If you are in China, you ARE NOT in Africa." Of course, that is true. However, the previous version (MAY NOT) is true, too. If you ARE NOT in Africa, then you MAY NOT be there. It's this weaker version that we can commit to every time that we negate a conditional. The stronger version may be true, too, but that's always the case with negations. Consider the negation of "I love today's popular music." The negation is "I do not love today's popular music." It may be the case that I *hate* this music, but that's additional information that's not required for a negation.
So, long story short:
NOT (X --> Y) = X --> MAYBE NOT Y
or
NOT (X --> Y) = X is possible without Y
Proposed Conditional: If you play the lottery, you will win millions of dollars.
Do you agree with this proposed conditional? Probably not! So we want to negate it. Should we say "If you play the lottery, you will NOT win millions of dollars"? Wait, that doesn't seem right. People do win the lottery; it's just not a very common outcome. If we say "It's not true that if you play the lottery, you will win millions of dollars," what we mean is "It is possible to play the lottery and NOT win millions of dollars." The proposed sufficient condition (playing the lottery) can happen without the proposed necessary condition (winning millions).
Negated Conditional: If you play the lottery, you MAY NOT win millions of dollars.
Now what about a conditional that you think is wrong in ALL cases?
Crazy Conditional: If you are in China, you are in Africa.
WHAT?!? This is clearly false and we want to negate it, but it seems funny to say "If you are in China, you MAY NOT be in Africa," right? It feels better to say "If you are in China, you ARE NOT in Africa." Of course, that is true. However, the previous version (MAY NOT) is true, too. If you ARE NOT in Africa, then you MAY NOT be there. It's this weaker version that we can commit to every time that we negate a conditional. The stronger version may be true, too, but that's always the case with negations. Consider the negation of "I love today's popular music." The negation is "I do not love today's popular music." It may be the case that I *hate* this music, but that's additional information that's not required for a negation.
So, long story short:
NOT (X --> Y) = X --> MAYBE NOT Y
or
NOT (X --> Y) = X is possible without Y
22 Nov 2018, 03:13
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AkshdeepS
This is what the argument says:
It is not a complete failure because it has managed to sell well in Eastern Europe.
So "selling well in Eastern Europe" is sufficient to not be a complete failure.
This is what (C) says.
(C) If a chandelier sells well in the Eastern European market, then it cannot be considered a complete failure.
That selling well in Eastern Europe is sufficient to not be a complete failure. Note that the if condition is a sufficient condition.
If A happens, then B happens - A is sufficient for B to happen.
Since our argument tells us that A happens (sell well in Eastern Europe), we can conclude that B happens (not a complete failure).
So our argument does assume (C).
Let's consider (E) now:
(E) If the Model T had not sold in good numbers in Eastern Europe, then it could have been considered a complete failure.
Note that the if condition is a sufficient condition. We know what happens if we sell well in Eastern Europe. Our argument assumes based on selling well in Eastern Europe.
But (E) talks about what could happen if A does not happen (not sell well in Eastern Europe). Does our argument depend on what happens when we do not sell well in Eastern Europe? No. We have no information on that in our argument. So this is not what is assumed by the argument.
Also note:
Given: If A, then B
Implied:
A leads to B
Not B leads to not A
Not A does not imply not B
B does not imply A
So given option (C), argument says A leads to B which is implied.
Given option (E), argument says "not A" could lead to "not B". This is not implied. So (E) is not an assumption.
If this all seems to have gotten a bit convoluted, check: https://www.gmatclub.com/forum/veritas-prep-resource-links-no-longer-available-399979.html#/2012/1 ... tatements/
General Discussion
08 Dec 2017, 20:37
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carcass
A is wrong since it didn't convey the correct opposite meaning.
B is wrong since the argument provided no information to support that.
D provided an information, true or false, is irrelevant to the argument.
E is wrong since it follows the wrong logic: "If X then Y" => "If not X then not Y".
C is correct.
