According to government data, more than 50 percent of adults in the US

Question

According to government data, more than 50 percent of adults in the USA register for organ donation. However, donated organs from only one in every three donors remain viable for transplantation. Statistics suggest that about 100,000 people await transplants every month. Unfortunately, for the majority of these people, the wait will never fructify since the demand for organs outweighs supply. Considering the gravity of the situation, researchers have begun to consider xenotransplant – transplanting animal organs into human bodies – as a viable alternative. So far, experiments with baboons surviving with transplanted pig hearts have been considerably successful. But similar human trials pose a challenge because of certain complications post the procedure.

Researchers claim that they have successfully overcome the complications by altering the transplant protocol through three stages of experiments. The first trial involved pumping an oxygenated, blood-based solution with nutrients and hormones kept at 46 degrees Fahrenheit through the heart in place of using the ice-cold storage liquid, the solution for organ storage before the transplant. This new method has been designed to prevent the possibility of organ failure during the transplant procedure. The second trial entailed giving medication to the recipients to bring the blood pressure to the levels of the donors. This process prevents anomalies in the recipients’ bodies due to a foreign organ. The third trial is a combination of the first two designed to sustain posttransplant survival. Although the technical challenges have been conquered, researchers need to show more consistent results before xenotransplantation trials can be done on humans. They also need a good deal of funding to carry out the costly trials to revolutionize the transplant process.    1 
 1. The primary purpose of the passage is to:

A. discuss about a procedure that can be a breakthrough in its }eld.
B. present the best alternative for a present procedure that suffers the demand-supply disparity.
C. illustrate a newly discovered medical procedure and its utility.
D. compare two processes and prove why one is better than the other.
E. raise awareness about a process that is yet to be tested on humans.

2 
 2. In the context of the passage, what is the function of the first paragraph?

A. It presents the context and the reason for the failure of a particular process.
B. It puts forth the reason for the need of an alternative for organ transplant in humans.
C. It sets the context for the description of a revolutionary procedure in the }eld of organ transplant in humans.
D. It highlights the need to look for an alternative source of organs for human organ transplant and introduces a promising alternative.
E. It shows how the process of xenotransplant is first for humans.

3 
 3. The author of the passage will agree with all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Several re}nements have been made in the process of conducting xenotransplantation to avoid the post-transplant complications in humans.
B. Researchers have considered xenotransplant as a viable alternative to regular transplant for over a decade.
C. Pumping donors’ hearts with carefully concocted blood-based solution inhibits organ failure.
D. Disparity in demand and supply of organs for transplantation is a major cause of patients dying in wait for the procedure.
E. More than one baboon has survived with the heart of a pig in its body.

RC Butler 2022  -  Practice Two RC Passages Everyday.   
Passage # 118 Date: 22-Mar-2022
 This question is a part of RC Butler 2022 .  Click here for Details

Solenja · Answer

Can any expert please explain the third question.
Thankyou.

Sajjad1994 · Answer

Official Explanation

3. The author of the passage will agree with all of the following EXCEPT:

Difficulty Level:   Medium

Explanation

(A) Out of Scope:  The author agrees to this information. Relevant excerpt from the passage:

Researchers claim that they have successfully overcome the complications by altering the transplant protocol through three stages of experiments. (Para 2).

(B) Correct:   There is no information in the passage on the basis of which this information can be inferred.

(C) Out of Scope:  The author agrees to this information. Relevant excerpt from the passage:

The first trial involved pumping an oxygenated, blood-based solution with nutrients and hormones kept at 46 degrees Fahrenheit through the heart in place of using the ice-cold storage liquid, the solution for organ storage before the transplant. This new method has been designed to prevent the possibility of organ failure during the transplant procedure. (Para 2)

(D) Out of Scope:  This information is mentioned in the passage. Relevant excerpt from the passage:

Unfortunately, for the ma jority of these people, the wait will never fructify since the demand for organs outweighs supply. (Para 1)

(E) Out of Scope:  This information is mentioned in the passage. Relevant excerpt from the passage:

So far, experiments with baboons surviving with transplanted pig hearts have been considerably successful. (Para 1)

Answer: B

Ghostrider3147 · Answer

Can any expert please explain first and second question too.
Thankyou.

Posted from my mobile device

Sajjad1994 · Answer

Official Explanation

2. In the context of the passage, what is the function of the first paragraph?

Difficulty Level:   Hard

Explanation

(A)  Incorrect: Partial Scope: This choice does not mention why xenotransplant should be looked into as an alternative to organ transplant in humans.

(B)  Incorrect: Partial Scope: This choice merely mentions the reason why xenotransplant should be looked into as an alternative to organ transplant in humans. This choice does not talk about the alternative transplant procedure mentioned in the first paragraph.

(C)  Incorrect: Partial Scope: This choice does not mention why xenotransplant should be looked into as an alternative to organ transplant in humans.

(D)  This is correct!

(E)  Incorrect: Out of Scope: This cannot be the function as no such information is present in the first paragraph.

Answer: D

BIGDAMNGOD · Answer

Caan you please share the solution for the 1st question as well?

Sajjad1994 · Answer

Official Explanation

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to:

Difficulty Level:   Hard

Explanation

Main Point:  Xenotransplantation can revolutionize the organ transplantation procedure.

Pre-thinking:

- Summary of Para 1:  Introduction of the topic, context, need for the same.

- Summary of Para 2:  Explanation of steps taken to make the process viable and hindrances to human trials.

-The correct answer must encompass the information of both the paragraphs.

(A)  This is the correct answer as it encompasses the information of both the paragraphs.

(B)  Inconsistent: The passage doesn’t qualify the mentioned procedure as the best alternative.

(C)  Out of Scope: The author does not get into the details of the mechanism of the process. It is just mentioned on a very basic level.

(D)  Out of Scope: There is no such comparison mentioned in the passage.

(E)  Out of Scope: The author does not raise awareness of the process discussed in the passage.

Answer: A

Ilanchezhiyan · Answer

Not able to understand why D is right for question 3. No where it is mentioned that it is a major cause of death.

AvinashSh · Answer

In question 3, The author only says that "unfortunately for the majority of these people, the wait will never "fructify" means bear-fruit/be fruitful >> so how can we conclude that "disparity in demand is a major cause of patients dying in wait for procedure" > this has so many underlying assumptions some of which being: 
1. Majority of the people who wait for an organ transplant do so only because they will die otherwise. 
2. Majority of the people who wait for an organ transplant will die if they do not get an organ transplant.

D isnt verifiable from the passage.

A/c to me, the correct answer should be B. Although not mentioned explicitly anywhere in the message, the author still states how "experiments with baboons surviving with transplanted pig hearts have been considered successful, but similar human trials pose a challenge because of complications arising post surgery"

Interpretation : Scientists have conducted experiments on baboons :
1. Those baboons survived the transplant > meaning they lived for atleast some years post surgery for researches to conclude that the trials were successfull
2. Similar human trials pose challenge post surgery > meaning human trials were conducted and observed for atleast some amount of time for the scientists to conclude the risks attached to xenotransplants in humans. 
3. 2nd para goes on to explain how the technical challenges coming in post surgery in humans have been solved >> which must have again taken some time for researches to conclude.

With these 3 interpretations, it is reasonable to assume that Xenotransplant has been considered an alternative for over a decade.

shubhim20 · Answer

didn't get how D is correct please explain  Sajjad1994

According to government data, more than 50 percent of adults in the US

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GMAT Reading Comprehension (RC) Questions

According to government data, more than 50 percent of adults in the US

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