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Asad It is a bit unusual to use modifiers in this way, but there's no actual fault. (Also, it doesn't hurt that the other 4 answers are all absolutely out of the question!)

Here's a simpler (valid) sentence with a similar modifier structure:

She has two goals for her trip to New York: to visit Ellis Island, the place where her grandparents entered the country, and, if she can get tickets, to see Hamilton.

We have the same basic structure. Here, I used infinitives rather than nouns, but we still have this idea: "[term 1 + noun modifier] and [adverbial modifier + term 2]." We could create another version with nouns again, but it's the same idea. Why would someone do this? Generally, to cram a lot of ideas into a single sentence without creating any errors. Note that in the original, we have a longer modifier after "crisis," so there's not really room for the "commencing . . . Brothers" modifier anywhere but up front!
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DmitryFarber
Asad It is a bit unusual to use modifiers in this way, but there's no actual fault. (Also, it doesn't hurt that the other 4 answers are all absolutely out of the question!)

Here's a simpler (valid) sentence with a similar modifier structure:

She has two goals for her trip to New York: to visit Ellis Island, the place where her grandparents entered the country, and, if she can get tickets, to see Hamilton.

We have the same basic structure. Here, I used infinitives rather than nouns, but we still have this idea: "[term 1 + noun modifier] and [adverbial modifier + term 2]." We could create another version with nouns again, but it's the same idea. Why would someone do this? Generally, to cram a lot of ideas into a single sentence without creating any errors. Note that in the original, we have a longer modifier after "crisis," so there's not really room for the "commencing . . . Brothers" modifier anywhere but up front!
DmitryFarber
I appreciate your help.
Thanks for your creative example.
Quote:
She has two goals for her trip to New York: to visit Ellis Island, the place where her grandparents entered the country, and, if she can get tickets, to see Hamilton.
This example perfectly makes sense because of the use of "If clause"

Quote:
Two seismic shocks experienced in the United States of America in the early 21st century affected the entire world in the subsequent years—the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, which led to the long-drawn wars in the eastern hemisphere, and commencing with the collapse of Lehman Brothers, the global financial crisis, which raised questions about income inequality, job insecurity, and globalization.
^^ The green part is the initial modifier of "the global financial crisis", here. Could you give me a legit example where verb+ing (commencing) is used instead "IF Clause", please? Thanks
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I don't know an official example off-hand, but in everyday usage, you'll mostly see such an -ing modifier when we qualify one of our statement with something like "time allowing" or "God willing" or "depending on XYZ." However, you can also see a more straightforward modification.

The first two stops on the tour are typically a museum, generally either art or natural history, and then, depending on the age and inclinations of the tour group, either a 50's diner or a vegan heavy metal bar.
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DmitryFarber
Asad It is a bit unusual to use modifiers in this way, but there's no actual fault. (Also, it doesn't hurt that the other 4 answers are all absolutely out of the question!)

Here's a simpler (valid) sentence with a similar modifier structure:

She has two goals for her trip to New York: to visit Ellis Island, the place where her grandparents entered the country, and, if she can get tickets, to see Hamilton.

We have the same basic structure. Here, I used infinitives rather than nouns, but we still have this idea: "[term 1 + noun modifier] and [adverbial modifier + term 2]." We could create another version with nouns again, but it's the same idea. Why would someone do this? Generally, to cram a lot of ideas into a single sentence without creating any errors. Note that in the original, we have a longer modifier after "crisis," so there's not really room for the "commencing . . . Brothers" modifier anywhere but up front!


could you please tell me why C is wrong.
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robu1 The lack of a comma before "commencing" really throws C off! First, that makes "commencing" parallel with "leading," so it appears that the events of 9/11 commenced with the collapse of Lehman Brothers! Even if that were somehow possible, we'd be left with no "and" to join the two events, so we just have "Two shocks affected the world: the attacks, the collapse." That doesn't work.
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