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09 Jul 2024, 19:29
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Bunuel
City environmental officer claim's: Fine will significantly reduce the level of air pollution in the city within one year.
Looking for assumption : Ppl will change BCS of the high fine or No other major change in the source of these pollution other than these diesel vehicles.
(A) The funding allocated to air quality monitoring in the city will not decrease from its current level. Irrelevant.
(B) The number of diesel vehicles currently used within the city will not increase from its current level. Irrelevant. Fines are to reduce the #veh this cannot be assumption.
(C) The amount of industrial pollution in the city will not increase from its current level.Hmm this seems to be inline with our thoughts. No other contributor for the increase in pollution. If we negate this our conclusion will be void.
(D) The number of vehicles entering the city from nearby areas will not significantly increase over the next year.Irrelevant
(E) The overall traffic volume in the city will not increase from its current level.Irrelevant
IMO C
09 Jul 2024, 19:44
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Quote:
To solve this question, let us deploy IMS's four-step technique. STEP #1 -> IDENTIFY THE QUESTION TYPE
Let us read the question stem to identify the question type. The stem states, 'Which of the following is an assumption on which the environmental officer's claim depends?' What we have is an assumption question.
Now that the question type is identified, let us proceed to the next step.
STEP #2 -> DECONSTRUCT THE ARGUMENT
In an assumption question, it is a must to deconstruct the argument by figuring out the conclusion and the premise. Let us therefore read the argument and deconstruct it.
CONCLUSION: To improve air quality, the city council of a metropolitan area is considering imposing a heavy fine on the use of diesel vehicles within city limits.
PREMISE: The fine will significantly reduce the level of air pollution in the city within one year.
Now that the argument is deconstructed, let us proceed to the third step.
STEP #3 -> FRAME A SHADOW ANSWER
In an assumption question, the right answer must bridge the gap between the conclusion and the premise. While the premise indicates the fine spoken of will reduce the level of air pollution, the conclusion says the fine would be imposed on the use of diesel vehicles within city limits. Of course, the author assumes that the fine will deter people from opting for diesel vehicles. The right answer therefore must state a situation that tells us that the imposing of fine will actually lead to a decrease in the use of diesel vehicles.
SHADOW ANSWER: Any situation that leads us to believe that imposing the fine on the use of diesel vehicles will actually lead to a decrease in the use of diesel vehicles.
Now that the shadow answer is framed, let us proceed to the final step.
STEP #4 -> PROCESS OF ELIMINATION
(A) The funding allocated to air quality monitoring in the city will not decrease from its current level. - NOT A MATCH - The argument does not concern itself with any type of funding. - ELIMINATE
(B) The number of diesel vehicles currently used within the city will not increase from its current level. - MATCHES THE SHADOW ANSWER - If the imposing of fine does not deter people from opting for diesel vehicles, and if the number of diesel vehicles currently used within the city actually increases from its current level, the argument will fall flat. - KEEP
(C) The amount of industrial pollution in the city will not increase from its current level. - NOT A MATCH - The argument does not concern itself with industrial pollution. - ELIMINATE
(D) The number of vehicles entering the city from nearby areas will not significantly increase over the next year. - NOT A MATCH - Even if the number of vehicles entering the city from nearby areas significantly increases over the next year, the conclusion of the author that the fine will significantly reduce the level of air pollution in the city within one year will not be impacted. - ELIMINATE
(E) The overall traffic volume in the city will not increase from its current level. - NOT A MATCH - The argument does not concern itself with the overall traffic volume in the city. - ELIMINATE
Hence, B has to be the correct answer.
09 Jul 2024, 20:39
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To answer this, we need to look for an option which helps the authority to reduce the number of diesel vehicles, and reduce the level of air pollution, within the span of one year.
Let's evaluate each option now:
A. Funds allocated to air pollution monitoring doesn't determine any of the three mentioned above. Eliminated.
B. This option doesn't tell us much about the reduction of diesel vehicles within the city. Eliminated.
C. Industrial pollution is completely out of scope. Eliminated.
D. Now this option tells us that there is an approx fixed no. of vehicles entering into the city from nearby areas, which helps us determine that the fine imposed will definitely reduce the no. of diesel vehicles in the city and the author's calculation of reducing the air pollution within the span of one year, stands undisturbed and the plan shall be successful.
E. This option talks about the general volume of traffic which includes other vehicles than diesel only. Eliminated.
Therefore, the answer is (D).
Let's evaluate each option now:
A. Funds allocated to air pollution monitoring doesn't determine any of the three mentioned above. Eliminated.
B. This option doesn't tell us much about the reduction of diesel vehicles within the city. Eliminated.
C. Industrial pollution is completely out of scope. Eliminated.
D. Now this option tells us that there is an approx fixed no. of vehicles entering into the city from nearby areas, which helps us determine that the fine imposed will definitely reduce the no. of diesel vehicles in the city and the author's calculation of reducing the air pollution within the span of one year, stands undisturbed and the plan shall be successful.
E. This option talks about the general volume of traffic which includes other vehicles than diesel only. Eliminated.
Therefore, the answer is (D).
