Bunuel
What is the length of a train traveling at a constant speed of 90 meters per second, if it crosses Bridge A in 10 seconds, from the moment it enters the bridge to the moment its last carriage exits the bridge?
(1) The length of Bridge A is five times the length of the train.
(2) During the journey, the train crosses Bridge B, which is four times the length of Bridge A, in 35 seconds.
A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient to answer the question asked.
B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient to answer the question asked.
C. BOTH statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question asked, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question asked.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question asked.
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question asked, and additional data specific to the problem are needed.
To determine the length of the train, let's analyze each statement separately and then together.
### Statement (1)
The length of Bridge A is five times the length of the train.
Let:
- \( L \) be the length of the train in meters.
- \( B \) be the length of Bridge A in meters.
From Statement (1), we have:
\[ B = 5L \]
The train crosses Bridge A in 10 seconds at a constant speed of 90 meters per second.
The total distance covered while crossing the bridge is the length of the train plus the length of the bridge:
\[ \text{Total distance} = L + B \]
Since \( B = 5L \), we get:
\[ \text{Total distance} = L + 5L = 6L \]
Given the speed of the train is 90 meters per second and the time taken is 10 seconds, the total distance can also be calculated as:
\[ \text{Total distance} = 90 \times 10 = 900 \text{ meters} \]
Equating the two expressions for the total distance, we get:
\[ 6L = 900 \]
Solving for \( L \):
\[ L = \frac{900}{6} = 150 \text{ meters} \]
Thus, Statement (1) alone is sufficient to determine the length of the train.
### Statement (2)
During the journey, the train crosses Bridge B, which is four times the length of Bridge A, in 35 seconds.
Let:
- \( B \) be the length of Bridge A in meters.
- \( B_2 \) be the length of Bridge B in meters.
From Statement (2), we have:
\[ B_2 = 4B \]
The train crosses Bridge B in 35 seconds at a constant speed of 90 meters per second.
The total distance covered while crossing Bridge B is the length of the train plus the length of the bridge:
\[ \text{Total distance} = L + B_2 \]
Since \( B_2 = 4B \), we get:
\[ \text{Total distance} = L + 4B \]
Given the speed of the train is 90 meters per second and the time taken is 35 seconds, the total distance can also be calculated as:
\[ \text{Total distance} = 90 \times 35 = 3150 \text{ meters} \]
Equating the two expressions for the total distance, we get:
\[ L + 4B = 3150 \]
From Statement (1), we know:
\[ B = 5L \]
Substituting \( B = 5L \) into the equation \( L + 4B = 3150 \):
\[ L + 4(5L) = 3150 \]
\[ L + 20L = 3150 \]
\[ 21L = 3150 \]
Solving for \( L \):
\[ L = \frac{3150}{21} = 150 \text{ meters} \]
Thus, Statement (2) alone is also sufficient to determine the length of the train.
### Conclusion
Since each statement alone is sufficient to determine the length of the train, the correct answer is:
D