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19 Jul 2022, 07:14
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A. In recent years usage of fossil-fuel to produce electricity, especially coal, has significantly decreased.
here, we are assimilating coal as a sub-dimension of electricity, that is wrong
B. In recent years fossil-fuel usage, especially coal, to produce electricity has significantly decreased.
here, we are assimilating usage to be coal, which is incorrect, Wrong answer
C. For producing electricity, usage of fossil-fuel, especially of coal, in recent years have significantly decreased.
normally it should be that "usage" of coal, Wrong answer choice
D. To produce electricity, fossil-fuel usage, especially that of coal, has significantly decreased in recent years.
this is the correct answer, the conveyed meaning is respected and the two things compared are logical and parallel
E. Usage of fossil fuel, especially of coal, to produce electricity has significantly decreased in recent years.
to produce electricity should be followed by a coma, Wrong asnwer
here, we are assimilating coal as a sub-dimension of electricity, that is wrong
B. In recent years fossil-fuel usage, especially coal, to produce electricity has significantly decreased.
here, we are assimilating usage to be coal, which is incorrect, Wrong answer
C. For producing electricity, usage of fossil-fuel, especially of coal, in recent years have significantly decreased.
normally it should be that "usage" of coal, Wrong answer choice
D. To produce electricity, fossil-fuel usage, especially that of coal, has significantly decreased in recent years.
this is the correct answer, the conveyed meaning is respected and the two things compared are logical and parallel
E. Usage of fossil fuel, especially of coal, to produce electricity has significantly decreased in recent years.
to produce electricity should be followed by a coma, Wrong asnwer
19 Jul 2022, 10:24
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Bunuel
Bunuel
In recent years usage of fossil-fuel to produce electricity, especially coal, has significantly decreased.
A. In recent years usage of fossil-fuel to produce electricity, especially coal, has significantly decreased.
B. In recent years fossil-fuel usage, especially coal, to produce electricity has significantly decreased.
C. For producing electricity, usage of fossil-fuel, especially of coal, in recent years have significantly decreased.
D. To produce electricity, fossil-fuel usage, especially that of coal, has significantly decreased in recent years.
E. Usage of fossil fuel, especially of coal, to produce electricity has significantly decreased in recent years.
Thank you sayantanc2k for the question!!!
A. In recent years usage of fossil-fuel to produce electricity, especially coal, has significantly decreased.
B. In recent years fossil-fuel usage, especially coal, to produce electricity has significantly decreased.
C. For producing electricity, usage of fossil-fuel, especially of coal, in recent years have significantly decreased.
D. To produce electricity, fossil-fuel usage, especially that of coal, has significantly decreased in recent years.
E. Usage of fossil fuel, especially of coal, to produce electricity has significantly decreased in recent years.
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Thank you sayantanc2k for the question!!!
GMAT CLUB Official Explanation:
A. The modifier “especially coal” is misplaced. The sentence wrongly depicts that coal is a form of electricity, whereas coal is a type of fossil-fuel.
B. The modifier “especially coal” wrongly refers to “usage”. The preposition “of” is required to mean “(usage) of coal”. The sentence wrongly implies that coal itself (not the usage of coal) decreased.
C. To depict purpose the infinitive “to produce” is better: “For producing” is wrong when an intent is implied. The preposition phrase “in recent years” is awkwardly positioned.
D. The phrase “to produce electricity” is misplaced. This construction implies that the decrease was to produce electricity, whereas the correct construction should depict that the usage was to produce electricity.
The pronoun “that of” is awkwardly constructed. The correct usage should be parallel, having the form: “usage of fossil fuel, especially of coal”. Moreover the pronoun “that” creates a new copy of the referred noun - here the referred noun is “usage” and thus it is unnecessary to create a new copy.
E. Correct. The phrase “especially of coal” correctly modifies “Usage of fossil fuel”. This construction makes it clear that usage of coal (and not coal itself) decreased.
Bunuel AndrewN GMATNinja generis chetan2u
I understand that on the grounds of meaning distortion D is incorrect however purely looking at if from a grammatical eye, is it fair to eliminate D on the grounds of "that of" construction? Is it a determenistic error?
19 Jul 2022, 15:05
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Jainam24
I understand that on the grounds of meaning distortion D is incorrect however purely looking at if from a grammatical eye, is it fair to eliminate D on the grounds of "that of" construction? Is it a determenistic error?
Hello, Jainam24. I would not eliminate answer choice (D) on purely grammatical grounds, but that of is redundant, a meaning issue, once you replace that with its logical referent in usage. As much as possible, I seek not to divorce grammar from meaning.I do not have a profound explanation for you. Nevertheless, thank you for thinking to ask.
- Andrew
