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Updated on: 26 Jun 2021, 04:08
Originally posted by kokusanhin on 31 May 2008, 20:54.
Last edited by Bunuel on 26 Jun 2021, 04:08, edited 2 times in total.
Last edited by Bunuel on 26 Jun 2021, 04:08, edited 2 times in total.
Renamed the topic and edited the question.
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B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
65%
(hard)
Question Stats:
56% (01:45) correct
44%
(01:56)
wrong
based on 17254
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According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less total fat than do livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat they think is good for cardiac health.
(A) wild animals have less total fat than do livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat they think is
(B) wild animals have less total fat than livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be
(C) wild animals have less total fat than that of livestock fed on grain and have more fat of a kind thought to be
(D) total fat of wild animals is less than livestock fed on grain and they have more fat of a kind thought to be
(E) total fat is less in wild animals than that of livestock fed on grain and more of their fat is of a kind they think is
(A) wild animals have less total fat than do livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat they think is
(B) wild animals have less total fat than livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be
(C) wild animals have less total fat than that of livestock fed on grain and have more fat of a kind thought to be
(D) total fat of wild animals is less than livestock fed on grain and they have more fat of a kind thought to be
(E) total fat is less in wild animals than that of livestock fed on grain and more of their fat is of a kind they think is
https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/19/health/vital-signs-nutrition-but-what-did-the-cow-have-for-lunch.html
Wild animals not only have less total fat than livestock fed on grain, but more of their fat is of a kind (omega-3) thought to be good for cardiac health, and less of a kind (omega-6) that promotes heart disease, said the studies, published in the March issue of The European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Many of the same benefits were found in grass-fed livestock, also known as free range.
Nutritional Value
First glance
The opening split (wild animals vs. total fat) doesn’t point clearly to a particular type of grammar rule. The underline does start just after a comma, so perhaps there is a meaning or modifier issue that dictates what noun should appear after the comma.
(Note: it turns out that there are no modifier issues. Sometimes, the first glance doesn’t provide a great starting point, as is the case on this problem.)
Issues
(1) Pronoun: they; their
The original sentence uses a pronoun: a fat they think is good for cardiac health. Who are they?
The only plural nouns in the sentence are studies and animals. The studies can’t think anything, and it’s illogical to say the animals think the fat is good for cardiac health. Eliminate (A) because there is no referent for the pronoun they.
Answers (D) and (E) contain the same error (no referent for they). Answer (E) uses their to refer to a type of animal, but is it referring to the wild animals or the domesticated animals? Eliminate (D) and (E) for pronoun problems.
(2) Comparison: X less than Y
The sentence makes a double comparison: Wild animals have less total fat than livestock have. In addition, wild animals have more of a “good” fat than livestock have. (Note: the word livestock can be singular or plural.)
Answers (A) and (B) make a correct comparison (though they use slightly different forms to do so). Answers (C), (D), and (E), however, have issues.
Answers (C) and (E) compare wild animals with that of livestock. What does the pronoun that refer to? It appears to refer to fat so try replacing that with fat: wild animals have less total fat than the fat of livestock fed on grain. If something seems off, you’re right! In this construction, the word fat is part of the core comparison idiom: one type of animal has less total fat than another type of animal. The comparison should be between the two types of animal: wild animals and livestock. Eliminate answers (C) and (E).
Answer (D) changes the comparison: total fat (of wild animals) and livestock fed on grain. The choice should compare the total fat of one type of animal to the total fat of another type of animal; instead, it compares the total fat of one type of animal to another type of animal. Eliminate choice (D).
The Correct Answer
Correct answer (B) removes the faulty pronoun entirely while still making a correct comparison: wild animals have less total fat than livestock fed on grain. The sentence still does not say who thinks this fat is good for cardiac health, but that’s okay; the sentence isn’t required to do so, since there is no pronoun that needs a referent.
Wild animals not only have less total fat than livestock fed on grain, but more of their fat is of a kind (omega-3) thought to be good for cardiac health, and less of a kind (omega-6) that promotes heart disease, said the studies, published in the March issue of The European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Many of the same benefits were found in grass-fed livestock, also known as free range.
Nutritional Value
(A) Pronoun (they)
(B) CORRECT Topic (question text);
(C) Comparison (X less than Y)
(D) Comparison (X less than Y); Pronoun (they)
(E) Comparison (X less than Y); Pronouns (they; their)
(B) CORRECT Topic (question text);
(C) Comparison (X less than Y)
(D) Comparison (X less than Y); Pronoun (they)
(E) Comparison (X less than Y); Pronouns (they; their)
First glance
The opening split (wild animals vs. total fat) doesn’t point clearly to a particular type of grammar rule. The underline does start just after a comma, so perhaps there is a meaning or modifier issue that dictates what noun should appear after the comma.
(Note: it turns out that there are no modifier issues. Sometimes, the first glance doesn’t provide a great starting point, as is the case on this problem.)
Issues
(1) Pronoun: they; their
The original sentence uses a pronoun: a fat they think is good for cardiac health. Who are they?
The only plural nouns in the sentence are studies and animals. The studies can’t think anything, and it’s illogical to say the animals think the fat is good for cardiac health. Eliminate (A) because there is no referent for the pronoun they.
Answers (D) and (E) contain the same error (no referent for they). Answer (E) uses their to refer to a type of animal, but is it referring to the wild animals or the domesticated animals? Eliminate (D) and (E) for pronoun problems.
(2) Comparison: X less than Y
The sentence makes a double comparison: Wild animals have less total fat than livestock have. In addition, wild animals have more of a “good” fat than livestock have. (Note: the word livestock can be singular or plural.)
Answers (A) and (B) make a correct comparison (though they use slightly different forms to do so). Answers (C), (D), and (E), however, have issues.
Answers (C) and (E) compare wild animals with that of livestock. What does the pronoun that refer to? It appears to refer to fat so try replacing that with fat: wild animals have less total fat than the fat of livestock fed on grain. If something seems off, you’re right! In this construction, the word fat is part of the core comparison idiom: one type of animal has less total fat than another type of animal. The comparison should be between the two types of animal: wild animals and livestock. Eliminate answers (C) and (E).
Answer (D) changes the comparison: total fat (of wild animals) and livestock fed on grain. The choice should compare the total fat of one type of animal to the total fat of another type of animal; instead, it compares the total fat of one type of animal to another type of animal. Eliminate choice (D).
The Correct Answer
Correct answer (B) removes the faulty pronoun entirely while still making a correct comparison: wild animals have less total fat than livestock fed on grain. The sentence still does not say who thinks this fat is good for cardiac health, but that’s okay; the sentence isn’t required to do so, since there is no pronoun that needs a referent.
16 Aug 2017, 08:36
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A few of my best students have gotten their asses thoroughly kicked by this one, so please don’t feel badly if you struggled with it. (And most of the early responses look great!) Success on this question is mostly about your ability to be incredibly literal with the meaning, particularly as it relates to the pronouns in the sentence. (For more on pronouns, check out our good old YouTube webinar on the topic.)
I don’t see any huge issues, so let’s keep (B).
That’s kind of a mess. Wild animals have less fat than livestock, but it wouldn’t make sense to say that “wild animals have less total fat.. than the total fat…” That comparison is thoroughly wrong. (C) is out.
Quote:
“They” has to refer back to a plural noun, but our only options are “studies” (which makes no sense, because studies can’t think) or “wild animals” (which also makes no sense, unless you think wild animals moonlight as nutritionists. (A) is out.
Quote:
There’s no pronoun here, so that’s cool. And I think the meaning works: “wild animals have less total fat than livestock fed on grain” is fine. The second part seems fine, too: “wild animals have… more of a kind of fat thought to be good for cardiac health.”
I don’t see any huge issues, so let’s keep (B).
Quote:
As described in our rambling guide to the word “that”, “that” is a singular pronoun in this type of situation. In (C), I guess it has to refer to “total fat,” but that doesn’t really make sense: “wild animals have less total fat than the total fat of livestock fed on grain…”
That’s kind of a mess. Wild animals have less fat than livestock, but it wouldn’t make sense to say that “wild animals have less total fat.. than the total fat…” That comparison is thoroughly wrong. (C) is out.
Quote:
This comparison is very clearly wrong: “total fat… is less than livestock.” You could, I suppose, also argue that the “they” isn’t 100% clear – but the illogical comparison is the most straightforward issue. (D) is out, too.
Quote:
There’s a lot of clunkiness here, but the biggest issue is the word “they”: the only possible referents are “wild animals”, “livestock”, or “studies.” And none of those are likely to “think [that fat] is good for cardiac health.” (E) is gone, and (B) is the best answer.
21 Nov 2010, 10:41
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I am afraid that this is a weird question. No choice seems satisfying.
A and E are out because, we don’t have a proper reference for the pronoun they.
B looks apparently better than others, because, in gist, it maintains the comparison between wild animals and domestic animals, although it is also meaning to say that wild animals have less total fat than they have livestock, which is indeed absurd
C compares the total fat of these two kinds of animals rather than comparing the animals themselves.
D is comparing total fat with livestock.
B is the best of the bad boys.
A and E are out because, we don’t have a proper reference for the pronoun they.
B looks apparently better than others, because, in gist, it maintains the comparison between wild animals and domestic animals, although it is also meaning to say that wild animals have less total fat than they have livestock, which is indeed absurd
C compares the total fat of these two kinds of animals rather than comparing the animals themselves.
D is comparing total fat with livestock.
B is the best of the bad boys.
First of all, on the tricky topic of omitting words in parallel, see: 
