Last visit was: 19 Nov 2025, 20:34 It is currently 19 Nov 2025, 20:34
Close
GMAT Club Daily Prep
Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.

Customized
for You

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History

Track
Your Progress

every week, we’ll send you an estimated GMAT score based on your performance

Practice
Pays

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History
Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.
Close
Request Expert Reply
Confirm Cancel
User avatar
sdas
Joined: 23 Mar 2011
Last visit: 06 May 2013
Posts: 365
Own Kudos:
661
 [55]
Given Kudos: 59
Location: India
GPA: 2.5
WE:Operations (Hospitality and Tourism)
Posts: 365
Kudos: 661
 [55]
2
Kudos
Add Kudos
53
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
User avatar
Zarrolou
Joined: 02 Sep 2012
Last visit: 11 Dec 2013
Posts: 846
Own Kudos:
5,145
 [1]
Given Kudos: 219
Status:Far, far away!
Location: Italy
Concentration: Finance, Entrepreneurship
GPA: 3.8
Posts: 846
Kudos: 5,145
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
User avatar
surya167
Joined: 14 Aug 2005
Last visit: 16 Nov 2014
Posts: 51
Own Kudos:
24
 [1]
Given Kudos: 2
Posts: 51
Kudos: 24
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
User avatar
Zarrolou
Joined: 02 Sep 2012
Last visit: 11 Dec 2013
Posts: 846
Own Kudos:
5,145
 [1]
Given Kudos: 219
Status:Far, far away!
Location: Italy
Concentration: Finance, Entrepreneurship
GPA: 3.8
Posts: 846
Kudos: 5,145
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
surya167
I am not clear why E is wrong. It used the Past Perfect tense as used in A. Is it because it used a Passive voice that it has been not given preference over A. Can someone please explain?

You should always avoid passive in SC.
Another problem with E, I would say, is that is not perfectly clear.

Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.

"was an imaginary substance" doesn't sound good...

"many scientists had believed that"(..)"and was an imaginary substance" is not clear: many scientists belived it was an imaginary substance OR phlogiston was an imaginary substance (regardless of the scientists' opinion)?

In A the use of the comma creates a better structure:
many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance (the phlogiston) whose properties were not fully understood
User avatar
sdas
Joined: 23 Mar 2011
Last visit: 06 May 2013
Posts: 365
Own Kudos:
661
 [1]
Given Kudos: 59
Location: India
GPA: 2.5
WE:Operations (Hospitality and Tourism)
Posts: 365
Kudos: 661
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
surya167
I am not clear why E is wrong. It used the Past Perfect tense as used in A. Is it because it used a Passive voice that it has been not given preference over A. Can someone please explain?

Hi, Choice E distorts the intended meaning of the original sentence completely.
Scientists had.....x and......y showing 2 beliefs but in reality scientists had only one belief and the later (as shown in choice E), is a general fact stated about the chemical.

Also, please note "passive voice answers are wrong" is a misconception and farce in GMAT. Please read through threads carefully. You can never ignore an answer choice because it is in passive voice, unless it has grammatical errors. Note passive voice is no form grammar issue.

Hope this helps :-D
User avatar
Archit143
Joined: 21 Sep 2012
Last visit: 20 Sep 2016
Posts: 721
Own Kudos:
2,082
 [2]
Given Kudos: 70
Status:Final Lap Up!!!
Affiliations: NYK Line
Location: India
GMAT 1: 410 Q35 V11
GMAT 2: 530 Q44 V20
GMAT 3: 630 Q45 V31
GPA: 3.84
WE:Engineering (Transportation)
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
1
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
sdas
Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood

A. ....
B. many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood
C. phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion
D. phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion
E, many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.

Request discussion, OA to be revealed later
C and D are out because in both cases whose modifies "imaginary substance" which is incorrect, it must modify pholo...
B has pronoun ambiguity...its refer to "imaginary substance", its must refer to pholo...
E passive voice......

Answer is A

Consider Kudos If my post helps!!!

Archit
avatar
GMATisLovE
Joined: 06 Aug 2017
Last visit: 15 Aug 2020
Posts: 60
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 36
GMAT 1: 570 Q50 V18
GMAT 2: 610 Q49 V24
GMAT 3: 640 Q48 V29
GMAT 3: 640 Q48 V29
Posts: 60
Kudos: 47
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
sdas
Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood

A. ....
B. many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood
C. phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion
D. phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion
E, many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.

Request discussion, OA to be revealed later

I was able to choose correct answer (A) by the POE, but do we really nee "had" as mentioned in the part of the sentence (had believed that combustion)?
Use of "Until" clearly indicates that what many scientists believe was the action before the action of "Tammy Howard proved otherwise".

Experts, please help.
User avatar
abhimahna
User avatar
Board of Directors
Joined: 18 Jul 2015
Last visit: 06 Jul 2024
Posts: 3,514
Own Kudos:
5,728
 [2]
Given Kudos: 346
Status:Emory Goizueta Alum
Products:
Expert
Expert reply
Posts: 3,514
Kudos: 5,728
 [2]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
1
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Jabjagotabhisavera


I was able to choose correct answer (A) by the POE, but do we really nee "had" as mentioned in the part of the sentence (had believed that combustion)?
Use of "Until" clearly indicates that what many scientists believe was the action before the action of "Tammy Howard proved otherwise".

Experts, please help.

Hi Jabjagotabhisavera ,

GMAT says ideally its not preferable to show the sequencing when we already have words such as until, after, before, etc. But in case we don't have any option that is correct without this case, then this case is acceptable.

Does that make sense?
User avatar
saarthak299
Joined: 16 May 2017
Last visit: 09 Mar 2018
Posts: 31
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 158
Posts: 31
Kudos: 7
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
can anyone explain why B is wrong ? it because of placement of *IT* after and makes the sentence confusing? otherwise please give reason.
avatar
Prateek176
Joined: 12 Mar 2017
Last visit: 10 Jun 2021
Posts: 180
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 87
Location: India
Concentration: Strategy, General Management
GMAT 1: 700 Q49 V37
GPA: 4
GMAT 1: 700 Q49 V37
Posts: 180
Kudos: 92
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
AjiteshArun , MagooshExpert

Shouldn't the main clause start with "phlogiston" as the subordinate clause "Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century" should modify "phlogiston" instead of "many scientists"??

That was the reason why I eliminated A,B, and E on;y to arrive at the wrong choice?
User avatar
daagh
User avatar
Major Poster
Joined: 19 Feb 2007
Last visit: 16 Oct 2020
Posts: 5,264
Own Kudos:
42,419
 [2]
Given Kudos: 422
Status: enjoying
Location: India
WE:Education (Education)
Expert
Expert reply
Posts: 5,264
Kudos: 42,419
 [2]
2
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Sarath wrote

Quote:
can anyone explain why B is wrong ? it because of placement of *IT* after and makes the sentence confusing? otherwise please give reason.

many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood

B. many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood

B changes the meaning. The scientists' belief was about the release of phlogiston by combustion and not about phlogiston being an imaginary substance.
User avatar
MagooshExpert
User avatar
Magoosh GMAT Instructor
Joined: 30 Oct 2017
Last visit: 15 Jan 2020
Posts: 231
Own Kudos:
436
 [2]
Given Kudos: 20
Expert
Expert reply
Posts: 231
Kudos: 436
 [2]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
1
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Prateek176
AjiteshArun , MagooshExpert

Shouldn't the main clause start with "phlogiston" as the subordinate clause "Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century" should modify "phlogiston" instead of "many scientists"??

That was the reason why I eliminated A,B, and E on;y to arrive at the wrong choice?
Hi Prateek176!

There's no reason that the main clause should start with "phlogiston". The idea here is that scientists held a particular belief until Tammy Howard proved that belief wrong. The main clause should be talking about what the scientists believed, and so the subject should be "many scientists". There is no action associated with "phlogiston" here, so it should not be the subject of the clause.

Hope that helps! :-)
-Carolyn
avatar
Prateek176
Joined: 12 Mar 2017
Last visit: 10 Jun 2021
Posts: 180
Own Kudos:
92
 [1]
Given Kudos: 87
Location: India
Concentration: Strategy, General Management
GMAT 1: 700 Q49 V37
GPA: 4
GMAT 1: 700 Q49 V37
Posts: 180
Kudos: 92
 [1]
Kudos
Add Kudos
1
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
MagooshExpert
Prateek176
AjiteshArun , MagooshExpert

Shouldn't the main clause start with "phlogiston" as the subordinate clause "Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century" should modify "phlogiston" instead of "many scientists"??

That was the reason why I eliminated A,B, and E on;y to arrive at the wrong choice?
Hi Prateek176!

There's no reason that the main clause should start with "phlogiston". The idea here is that scientists held a particular belief until Tammy Howard proved that belief wrong. The main clause should be talking about what the scientists believed, and so the subject should be "many scientists". There is no action associated with "phlogiston" here, so it should not be the subject of the clause.

Hope that helps! :-)
-Carolyn


MagooshExpert , daagh

Sorry but i am not fully convinced.

The opening Modifier is "Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century,". This modifier modifies "Phlogiston was believed.......". Doesn't this construction show the belief which was contradicted by Tommy Howard??
User avatar
daagh
User avatar
Major Poster
Joined: 19 Feb 2007
Last visit: 16 Oct 2020
Posts: 5,264
Own Kudos:
42,419
 [1]
Given Kudos: 422
Status: enjoying
Location: India
WE:Education (Education)
Expert
Expert reply
Posts: 5,264
Kudos: 42,419
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Prateek176
MagooshExpert
Prateek176
Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood

A. many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully undeB.ood
B . many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood
C. phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion
D. phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion
E, many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.


AjiteshArun , MagooshExpert

Shouldn't the main clause start with "phlogiston" as the subordinate clause "Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century" should modify "phlogiston" instead of "many scientists"??

That was the reason why I eliminated A,B, and E on;y to arrive at the wrong choice?
Hi Prateek176!

There's no reason that the main clause should start with "phlogiston". The idea here is that scientists held a particular belief until Tammy Howard proved that belief wrong. The main clause should be talking about what the scientists believed, and so the subject should be "many scientists". There is no action associated with "phlogiston" here, so it should not be the subject of the clause.

Hope that helps! :-)
-Carolyn


MagooshExpert , daagh

Sorry but i am not fully convinced.

The opening Modifier is "Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century,". This modifier modifies "Phlogiston was believed.......". Doesn't this construction show the belief which was contradicted by Tommy Howard??

Prateek

The difference between a subordinate clause and a modifier should be appreciated first. While an introductory modifier phrase has to necessarily modify its due noun that it is entitled to, the introductory subordinate clause is under no such obligation. Look at the analysis herein.


A. Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood
If choice A were to start with a modifier, then your point would hold good. --Until Tammy Howard's proof otherwise, in the 18th century, phlogiston was believed to have been released by combustion and so on. However, one can see the convoluted structure such a sentence with a passive voice, etc. There is not even a pronoun such as 'it' to refer to the phlogiston in the subordinate clause. Therefore, 'many scientists' is better than phlogiston to start the main clause.

2. B changes the meaning that Phlogiston was believed to be an imaginary substance. The scientists only believed that combustion released phlogiston.
User avatar
MukuDawra
Joined: 22 Nov 2021
Last visit: 11 Apr 2025
Posts: 17
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 24
Posts: 17
Kudos: 8
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Hi Experts
I have doubt in option B
It uses simple past tense which according to me is correct as in sentence there is time indicating word 'Until'. I am not able to understand why this option is incorrect. Is it because of possessive pronoun 'its' referring back to singular noun.
User avatar
GMATmona07
Joined: 23 Jun 2022
Last visit: 13 Sep 2023
Posts: 24
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 79
Posts: 24
Kudos: 4
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Can we use 'whose' for a substance & all but B doesn't use 'whose' in its structure, and that's why I chose B as correct answer.

Can anyone please explain this?

Thanks
Moderators:
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
7443 posts
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
231 posts
189 posts