Ask me Anything about GMAT Critical Reasoning Hello and welcome to my CR Expert Topic . Let me know if you have any CR questions I can help with - strategy, specific ones, etc. You may know me from forum discussion - I am one of the resident CR Experts on GMAT Club. I have over 8,000 posts and 22,000 Kudos. I hope you find my replies and explanations helpful. If you have any specific questions about Critical Reasoning in General such as strategy/approach, feel free to post them here and I will be happy to address them. I intend to have this thread be as a "Everything You Need to Know about CR" type of thread. If you have questions about a specific CR question and why something does not seem right, please post a link here for me with your specific question/concern. Please do not double-post - that's not polite and against the GMAT Club rules. Thank you all - good luck on the GMAT and look forward to seeing you in the CR forum! Karishma.

Last visit was: 18 Nov 2025, 21:38

It is currently 18 Nov 2025, 21:38

Toolkit

Verbal Archive [Locked]

GMAT Club Daily Prep

Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.

Customized
for You

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History

Track
Your Progress

every week, we’ll send you an estimated GMAT score based on your performance

Practice
Pays

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History

Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.

Go to My Error Log Learn more

Request Expert Reply

Confirm Cancel

Nov 18
GMAT Quiz #50 - Live GMAT Practice Covering Quant, Verbal, RC, & Data Insights
11:00 AM PST
-
12:00 PM PST
Join us in a live GMAT practice session and solve 30 challenging GMAT questions with other test takers in timed conditions, covering GMAT Quant, Data Sufficiency, Data Insights, Reading Comprehension, and Critical Reasoning questions.
Nov 22
GMAT RC Masterclass
11:00 AM IST
-
01:00 PM IST
Do RC/MSR passages scare you? e-GMAT is conducting a masterclass to help you learn – Learn effective reading strategies Tackle difficult RC & MSR with confidence Excel in timed test environment
Nov 23
Conquer Algebra on the GMAT Focus Edition
11:00 AM IST
-
01:00 PM IST
Attend this free GMAT Algebra Webinar and learn how to master the most challenging Inequalities and Absolute Value problems with ease.
Nov 25
Try OnDemand GMAT Masterclass
10:00 AM EST
-
11:00 AM EST
Prefer video-based learning? The Target Test Prep OnDemand course is a one-of-a-kind video masterclass featuring 400 hours of lecture-style teaching by Scott Woodbury-Stewart, founder of Target Test Prep and one of the most accomplished GMAT instructors.

Back to Forum

Create Topic

Veritas Prep CR Forum Expert - Karishma - Ask Me Anything about CR

1 2 3 4 ... 34

Ratnaa19

Joined: 29 Jan 2018

Last visit: 23 Sep 2020

Posts: 47

Own Kudos:

Given Kudos: 179

Concentration: Marketing, Strategy

WE:Business Development (Retail: E-commerce)

Posts: 47

Kudos: 10

17 Oct 2018, 22:52

Kudos

Bookmarks

Hi,

Is there a CR thread where you post few questions everyday for practice?

KarishmaB

Tutor

Joined: 16 Oct 2010

Last visit: 18 Nov 2025

Posts: 16,265

Own Kudos:

76,983

Given Kudos: 482

Location: Pune, India

Expert

Expert reply

Posts: 16,265

Kudos: 76,983

20 Oct 2018, 04:15

Kudos

Bookmarks

Bunuel

This question with explanation by VeritasKarishma is here: https://gmatclub.com/forum/according-to ... 59939.html

Ah! Missed the above comment somehow! Thanks a ton Bunuel for holding down the fort!

KarishmaB

Tutor

Joined: 16 Oct 2010

Last visit: 18 Nov 2025

Posts: 16,265

Own Kudos:

76,983

[2]

Given Kudos: 482

Location: Pune, India

Expert

Expert reply

Posts: 16,265

Kudos: 76,983

[2]

20 Oct 2018, 04:23

Kudos

Bookmarks

Ratnaa19

Hi,

Is there a CR thread where you post few questions everyday for practice?

Hey Ratnaa19,

No, I don't have any such thread. Though we do have many posts which discuss Veritas Prep questions here on the forum (just search with the "Veritas Prep" tag).
I intend to provide my explanation to most of these questions and also to official questions. Feel free to post here the link to any question for which you would like me to provide my two cents.
Also, I will try to put up some tips for each question type here as suggested by Akash720. I will provide links to some examples at the end and will keep adding to them as and when I find interesting and relevant questions.

Cheers!

sqube

Joined: 18 Mar 2017

Last visit: 09 May 2020

Posts: 10

Own Kudos:

Given Kudos: 20

Location: India

Concentration: Finance, International Business

WE:Asset Management (Energy)

Posts: 10

Kudos: 47

21 Oct 2018, 04:31

Kudos

Bookmarks

Hi Karishma.

I am facing issues with Strengthen /Weaken Qs particularly of below type. What should be our strategy for such type ?

Often patients with ankle fractures that are stable, and thus do not require surgery, are given follow-up x-ray because their orthopedists are concerned about possibly having misjudged the stability of the fracture. When a number of follow-up x-rays were reviewed, however, all the fractures that had initially been judged stable were found to have healed correctly. Therefore, it is a waste of money to order follow-up x-rays of ankle fracture initially judged stable.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

(A) Doctors who are general practitioners rather than orthopedists are less likely than orthopedists to judge the stability of an ankle fracture correctly.

(B) Many ankle injuries for which an initial x-ray is ordered are revealed by the x-ray not to involve any fracture of the ankle.

(C) X-rays of patients of many different orthopedists working in several hospitals were reviewed.

(D) The healing of ankle fractures that have been surgically repaired is always checked by means of a follow-up x-ray.

(E) Orthopedists routinely order follow-up x-rays for fractures of bone other than ankle bones.

guptakashish02

Joined: 28 May 2018

Last visit: 28 Jul 2019

Posts: 58

Own Kudos:

Given Kudos: 77

Posts: 58

Kudos: 27

21 Oct 2018, 22:37

Kudos

Bookmarks

Hi VeritasKarishma ,
Please provide your expert advice on my queries specified in the given link-
https://gmatclub.com/forum/in-the-cours ... l#p2156852

Thanks

KarishmaB

Tutor

Joined: 16 Oct 2010

Last visit: 18 Nov 2025

Posts: 16,265

Own Kudos:

76,983

[24]

Given Kudos: 482

Location: Pune, India

Expert

Expert reply

Posts: 16,265

Kudos: 76,983

[24]

Updated on: 19 Sep 2023, 05:31

Originally posted by KarishmaB on 21 Oct 2018, 23:00.
Last edited by KarishmaB on 19 Sep 2023, 05:31, edited 3 times in total.

Kudos

Bookmarks

NOTES ON ASSUMPTION QUESTIONS

An assumption is a missing necessary premise.

An assumption is a premise – it gives some new fact/information. Sometimes, it may not be apparent that the information is new because it may involve the same variables as given in the premises. But the relation the assumption gives between the variables will be new so take note.

It is also necessary – necessary for the conclusion to be true. The conclusion cannot be true if the assumption doesn’t hold. We often negate the given options to find the one without which the conclusion cannot hold. That technique is based on this “necessary” requirement of the assumption.

To add, it is also missing – it is not something already mentioned in the argument.

There are two main methods of solving assumption questions:

I. Plug the Gap  

Argument: A implies B. B implies C. Hence, A implies D.

Premises given in the argument:
– A implies B
– B implies C

Conclusion given in the argument:
– A implies D

Is it apparent that something is missing here, right? Yes! The premises give us the relations between A, B and C. They do not mention D. But while drawing the conclusion, we are concluding about the relation between A and D. We can’t do that. We must know something about D too to be able to conclude a relation between A and D. Hence, there is a necessary premise that is missing here. What we are looking for is something that says ‘C implies D’.

When we add this to our premises, our argument makes sense.
Argument: A implies B. B implies C. C implies D. Hence, A implies D.

This little point will help us in solving the trickiest of questions. We get so lost in the n number of things mentioned in the argument that we forget to consider this aspect.

For Example:
https://gmatclub.com/forum/therapist-th ... 47951.html
https://gmatclub.com/forum/a-recent-rep ... 86145.html

II. Negate the Option

An assumption is necessary for the conclusion to hold. If you negate the assumption, the conclusion CANNOT hold. Another method to identify an assumption is to negate the options and look for the one which makes it impossible for the conclusion to hold. It is cumbersome to negate every option so you should rule our the irrelevant ones first. Negate and evaluate only those which have a chance!

How do we negate a statement? In two ways:

Either negate the verb of the dominant clause 
There has been an increase in the number of professionals taking early retirement.
becomes
There has not been an increase in the number of professionals taking early retirement. 
- Or negate the modifier

All -> Not all
Everything -> Not everything
Always -> Not always
Some -> None
Most -> Half or less than half
Majority -> Half or less than half
Many -> Not many
Less than -> Equal to or more than
Element A -> Not element A
None -> Some
Never -> Sometimes

For Example:
https://gmatclub.com/forum/in-order-to- ... it=Revenue

Links to previously published posts on assumption questions:

https://anaprep.com/?s=assumptions

KarishmaB

Tutor

Joined: 16 Oct 2010

Last visit: 18 Nov 2025

Posts: 16,265

Own Kudos:

76,983

Given Kudos: 482

Location: Pune, India

Expert

Expert reply

Posts: 16,265

Kudos: 76,983

22 Oct 2018, 00:05

Kudos

Bookmarks

sqube

Hey sqube,

The most important aspect of any strengthen/weaken question is to identify the conclusion.
What is the conclusion in this question?
- it is a waste of money to order follow-up x-rays of ankle fracture initially judged stable.
In other words, when a fracture is initially judged stable, it is stable. No need to get a follow up x ray. The orthos do a get enough job when they review the fracture as stable initially.

So now we need to strengthen our conclusion.

(A) Doctors who are general practitioners rather than orthopedists are less likely than orthopedists to judge the stability of an ankle fracture correctly.
This does not strengthen our conclusion. We don't know whether sometimes general practitioners judge the initial stability of fractures but if they do, actually we do need to have a follow up x ray (since they may not do as good a job as orthos)

(B) Many ankle injuries for which an initial x-ray is ordered are revealed by the x-ray not to involve any fracture of the ankle.
Irrelevant. This talks about injuries which are not fractures. We are only concerned about ankle fractures which are initially judged stable. Rest of the injury universe is irrelevant to us.

(C) X-rays of patients of many different orthopedists working in several hospitals were reviewed.
This is interesting. We are concluding that we don't need follow up x rays, that orthos are capable of identifying stable fractures initially itself. If we had reviewed various diff orthos from various diff hospitals, it means that generally, orthos are capable. It strengthens our conclusion. Say if most of the x rays reviewed were of a single ortho, can we say that we don't need to get a second x ray done? What if that particular ortho is capable but others are not? Checking the skills of various orthos helps better establish that a second x ray if not needed. This is the answer

(D) The healing of ankle fractures that have been surgically repaired is always checked by means of a follow-up x-ray.
This is talking about ankle fractures which are not deemed stable initially (since they need surgery). Again, this is outside the scope of our argument. What happens with unstable ankle fractures we don't care. The only relevant topic is "ankle fractures which are initially judged stable".

(E) Orthopedists routinely order follow-up x-rays for fractures of bone other than ankle bones.
Again, as we said before, rest of the injury universe is irrelevant to us.

Answer (C)

KarishmaB

Tutor

Joined: 16 Oct 2010

Last visit: 18 Nov 2025

Posts: 16,265

Own Kudos:

76,983

Given Kudos: 482

Location: Pune, India

Expert

Expert reply

Posts: 16,265

Kudos: 76,983

22 Oct 2018, 00:31

Kudos

Bookmarks

guptakashish02

Hi VeritasKarishma ,
Please provide your expert advice on my queries specified in the given link-
https://gmatclub.com/forum/in-the-cours ... l#p2156852

Thanks

Here you go: https://gmatclub.com/forum/in-the-cours ... l#p2156914

NonPlus

Joined: 05 Jan 2014

Last visit: 26 Feb 2019

Posts: 55

Own Kudos:

Given Kudos: 156

Location: India

Schools: IIM (S) Erasmus '20

GMAT 1: 610 Q47 V26 Verified score

GPA: 3.76

WE:Information Technology (Computer Software)

Products:

Schools: IIM (S) Erasmus '20

GMAT 1: 610 Q47 V26 Verified score

Posts: 55

Kudos: 28

27 Oct 2018, 02:42

Kudos

Bookmarks

Hi VeritasKarishma

Thanks a lot for this initiative.

I have a query regarding the below one:
https://gmatclub.com/forum/when-a-city-experiences-a-sharp-decline-in-population-the-142347.html

In the aforementioned question, OA is marked as (A). But I can't see any reason to accept this answer choice. It's a must be true question and the choice of words in correct answer choice seems too extreme to me as in "will deteriorate or be eliminated". I find (D) as a strong contender because it directly relates to the passage. Some people mentioned the reason of elimination for answer choice (D) as "other cities." being out of scope. If it is, then how can "other service" be in the scope?
If it had been "might" in place of "will", (A) would have been the choice.

Thanks again !!

AdityaHongunti

Joined: 20 Sep 2016

Last visit: 31 Mar 2021

Posts: 551

Own Kudos:

1,054

Given Kudos: 632

Location: India

Concentration: Strategy, Operations

Schools: Boston U '22 (S) Smeal "22 (S) Krannert '22 (I) Katz '22 (I) UC Davis '22 (S)

GPA: 3.6

WE:Operations (Consumer Packaged Goods)

Schools: Boston U '22 (S) Smeal "22 (S) Krannert '22 (I) Katz '22 (I) UC Davis '22 (S)

Posts: 551

Kudos: 1,054

27 Oct 2018, 04:58

Kudos

Bookmarks

Hey karishma, could you please share your detailed analysis on options A and E on this official Q.

https://gmatclub.com/forum/the-tax-system-of-the-republic-of-grootland-encourages-borrowing-by-gr-5173.html

Chungrpi

Joined: 27 Sep 2018

Last visit: 01 Jan 2019

Posts: 6

Own Kudos:

Given Kudos: 5

Posts: 6

Kudos: 2

28 Oct 2018, 21:33

Kudos

Bookmarks

Hi VeritasKarishma,

I wonder with the strengthen and weaken questions, negate technique can be applied?

Thank you

KarishmaB

Tutor

Joined: 16 Oct 2010

Last visit: 18 Nov 2025

Posts: 16,265

Own Kudos:

76,983

Given Kudos: 482

Location: Pune, India

Expert

Expert reply

Posts: 16,265

Kudos: 76,983

29 Oct 2018, 00:38

Kudos

Bookmarks

NonPlus

Premises:
Sharp decline in population causes tax revenue to reduce.
But the areas which this revenue supports is still the same such as police protection and maintenance of water lines.
We cannot make up by increasing tax rate since more people will leave.

We need a conclusion. Something that follows from what is given. There should be no new information.

A. If, in a city with sharply declining population, police protection and water line maintenance do not deteriorate, some other service previously provided by the city will deteriorate or be eliminated.
The tax revenues decrease when population decreases. Since the revenues cannot be recovered by raising tax rate (since it will mean more people leaving and consequently lower collection points), it means the revenue will reduce. The need for the revenue does not reduce for at least some services. Hence, some services will certainly suffer. If police protection and water line maintenance do not suffer, something will suffer.
This follows what is given to us in the argument. There is nothing called "this option is incorrect due to usage of extreme language". If the premises give you extreme data, the option will use extreme language.
If the premises give you: "If A happens, B will happen." and "A has happened", what will you conclude? That B WILL HAPPEN. Can you say that the language is too extreme here? No.

D. A city that suffers revenue losses because of a sharp decline in population can make up some of the lost tax revenue by raising tax rates, provided the city's tax rates are low in relation to those of other cities.
What happens when the city increases tax rate, we cannot say. The premises give us that we cannot make up for lost revenue by increasing tax rate. Are we able to make up for it partially provided the tax rate still remains low, we cannot say. Note that we have no information on why people choose a certain city to live in. Perhaps its tax rate is lower but the quality of air and water isn't that great. Perhaps its cost of living is high. What happens when the tax rate is increased slightly (but is still less than other cities), overall it may not make financial sense for people to stay. The point is, we don't know how people will react if the taxes are raised even a tiny bit. We do know that raising tax rates cannot make up the loss in revenue and that is all. The argument tells us nothing else. We have to stick to the universe created by our argument.

Answer (A)

KarishmaB

Tutor

Joined: 16 Oct 2010

Last visit: 18 Nov 2025

Posts: 16,265

Own Kudos:

76,983

Given Kudos: 482

Location: Pune, India

Expert

Expert reply

Posts: 16,265

Kudos: 76,983

29 Oct 2018, 00:48

Kudos

Bookmarks

AdityaHongunti

Here:
https://gmatclub.com/forum/the-tax-syst ... l#p2161288

KarishmaB

Tutor

Joined: 16 Oct 2010

Last visit: 18 Nov 2025

Posts: 16,265

Own Kudos:

76,983

Given Kudos: 482

Location: Pune, India

Expert

Expert reply

Posts: 16,265

Kudos: 76,983

29 Oct 2018, 01:18

Kudos

Bookmarks

Chungrpi

Hi VeritasKarishma,

I wonder with the strengthen and weaken questions, negate technique can be applied?

Thank you

Hey Chungrpi!

Negation technique doesn't make sense with strengthen and weaken questions. The correct option is something that makes the conclusion more or less likely but it is not necessary in case of strengthen and neither does it kill the conclusion in case of weaken questions.

So say A strengthens the conclusion. If A is negated, will it kill the conclusion? No. A is just something that makes the conclusion more likely. It is not necessary for the conclusion.

The negation technique makes sense in case of assumption questions because assumptions are NECESSARY for the conclusion. If the assumption is not true, the conclusion fails.

nitesh50

Current Student

Joined: 04 Jun 2018

Last visit: 09 Aug 2021

Posts: 139

Own Kudos:

Given Kudos: 139

GMAT 1: 690 Q50 V32 Verified score

GMAT 2: 710 Q50 V36 Verified score

GMAT 3: 610 Q48 V25 Verified score

Posts: 139

Kudos: 69

Updated on: 29 Oct 2018, 06:05

Originally posted by nitesh50 on 29 Oct 2018, 01:44.
Last edited by nitesh50 on 29 Oct 2018, 06:05, edited 1 time in total.

Kudos

Bookmarks

Hi Karishma.

Art restorers who have been studying the factors that cause Renaissance oil paintings to deteriorate physically when subject to climatic changes have found that the oil paint used in these paintings actually adjusts to these changes well. The restorers therefore hypothesize that it is a layer of material called gesso, which is under the paint, that causes the deterioration.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the restorers’ hypothesis?

(A) Renaissance oil paintings with a thin layer of gesso are less likely to show deterioration in response to climatic changes than those with a thicker layer.

(B) Renaissance oil paintings are often painted on wooden panels, which swell when humidity increases and contract when it declines.

(C) Oil paint expands and contracts readily in response to changes in temperature, but it absorbs little water and so is little affected by changes in humidity.

(D) An especially hard and nonabsorbent type of gesso was the raw material for moldings on the frames of Renaissance oil paintings.

(E) Gesso layers applied by Renaissance painters typically consisted of a coarse base layer onto which several increasingly fine-grained layers were applied.

We could condense down the argument to:

Conclusion:
Gesso Causes deterioration.

Premise:
Oil paint does not react to Changes in Temperature.

When I was pre-thinking:

I saw the Logical gap : Gesso doesnot react to changes in temperate and
since it was a causality: NO cause No effect will also strength the argument.

But I have read in forums that in arguments, which involve causation, can also strengthed by saying C does not cause B.

My question: In this specific question, since the conclusion/hypothesis is related to a general fact, even if we were to say that some other factor has not caused deterioration, I feel that the conclusion will not be strengthed. Gesso could still may or may not have caused deterioation.

On the other hand if it said that Gesso caused the deterioration in some paintings, then definitely some other factor objection will make sense.

Can you please tell me whether this way of approach is correct?

Regards
Nitesh

AdityaHongunti

Joined: 20 Sep 2016

Last visit: 31 Mar 2021

Posts: 551

Own Kudos:

1,054

Given Kudos: 632

Location: India

Concentration: Strategy, Operations

Schools: Boston U '22 (S) Smeal "22 (S) Krannert '22 (I) Katz '22 (I) UC Davis '22 (S)

GPA: 3.6

WE:Operations (Consumer Packaged Goods)

Schools: Boston U '22 (S) Smeal "22 (S) Krannert '22 (I) Katz '22 (I) UC Davis '22 (S)

Posts: 551

Kudos: 1,054

29 Oct 2018, 05:34

Kudos

Bookmarks

https://gmatclub.com/forum/demographers-doing-research-for-an-international-economics-81936-40.html#p2161456
I selected E . But please correct my reasoning for option B. I was stuck between these two. But i rejected option B on the basis of EXTREME POVERTY.

karishma i'll be using your analysis:
"Demographers doing research for an international economics newsletter claim that the average per capita income in the country of Kuptala is substantially lower than that in the country of Bahlton." -
Say average per capita income of K is $10,000
Say average per capita income of B is $40,000

"They also claim, however, that whereas poverty is relatively rare in Kuptala, over half the population of Bahlton lives in extreme poverty. At least one of the demographers’ claims must, therefore, be wrong."

lets consider poverty limit in K = 1000
poverty limit in B = 20,000

now lets alsmot all K's are above 1000 and near to 10000
and most of K are below 20k . But a group of B citizens earn so much that the avg gets to 40k (similar to your reasoning)

the xtreme poverty according to B can be 20k
even in this sitiation BOTH STATEMENTS ARE RIGHT. PLease correct my reasoning

AdityaHongunti

Joined: 20 Sep 2016

Last visit: 31 Mar 2021

Posts: 551

Own Kudos:

1,054

Given Kudos: 632

Location: India

Concentration: Strategy, Operations

Schools: Boston U '22 (S) Smeal "22 (S) Krannert '22 (I) Katz '22 (I) UC Davis '22 (S)

GPA: 3.6

WE:Operations (Consumer Packaged Goods)

Schools: Boston U '22 (S) Smeal "22 (S) Krannert '22 (I) Katz '22 (I) UC Davis '22 (S)

Posts: 551

Kudos: 1,054

29 Oct 2018, 06:52

Kudos

Bookmarks

https://gmatclub.com/forum/hiring-manag ... 62764.html

please exlain me the crucial points that make B the necessary assumption and not C
according to me the conclusion is: no interview - might hire ppl with unsuitable traits.
now my doubt is does the conclsuion mean to say "if interview - suitable " ...does this include always suitable or most of the suitable? please also temme what should i infer or exactly take as conclusion when such type of unclear (accoridng to me) conc. is present.
Thankyou

KarishmaB

Tutor

Joined: 16 Oct 2010

Last visit: 18 Nov 2025

Posts: 16,265

Own Kudos:

76,983

[1]

Given Kudos: 482

Location: Pune, India

Expert

Expert reply

Posts: 16,265

Kudos: 76,983

[1]

31 Oct 2018, 00:15

Kudos

Bookmarks

nitesh50

The main thing about strengthen is this - it makes the conclusion MORE LIKELY. It does not establish the conclusion beyond doubt.

So the situation of why a painting deteriorates can be seen like this:
- Oil paints don't deteriorate.

Conclusion - we hypothesize that Gesso deteriorates.

But what if something else deteriorates instead? Say, we come to know that the canvass used in those days deteriorates with climatic changes. Then that puts a doubt in our mind about the hypothesis, right? Hmm, so the canvass doesn't hold well. So it is possible that we are betting on the wrong thing. Note that Gesso may also deteriorate and our hypothesis may still be correct but this information makes us doubt our hypothesis.
Similarly, if we find out that canvass holds well for centuries under any climatic conditions. Then that makes it "more likely" that we are right. To be certain, we need to eliminate ALL other possibilities but eliminating one possibility brings us closer to our conclusion. Hence, it does strengthen our conclusion.

KarishmaB

Tutor

Joined: 16 Oct 2010

Last visit: 18 Nov 2025

Posts: 16,265

Own Kudos:

76,983

Given Kudos: 482

Location: Pune, India

Expert

Expert reply

Posts: 16,265

Kudos: 76,983

31 Oct 2018, 00:37

Kudos

Bookmarks

AdityaHongunti

Here is the problem with your analysis:
Even if poverty does not have a precise, universally accepted definition, you cannot apply such different definitions to different circumstances. You have to use the definition you believe in - whether it is $1000 a year or $1200 a year etc.
Also, we are talking about poverty in K vs extreme poverty in B. How can poverty be $1000 and extreme poverty be $20,000?

So, try to find the option that suits the reasoning of the argument, not the one that you can twist to work with the argument.
Does that help?

KarishmaB

Tutor

Joined: 16 Oct 2010

Last visit: 18 Nov 2025

Posts: 16,265

Own Kudos:

76,983

[1]

Given Kudos: 482

Location: Pune, India

Expert

Expert reply

Posts: 16,265

Kudos: 76,983

[1]

31 Oct 2018, 01:48

Kudos

Bookmarks

AdityaHongunti

https://gmatclub.com/forum/hiring-manager-here-at-lightwave-industries-we-have-162764.html

please exlain me the crucial points that make B the necessary assumption and not C
according to me the conclusion is: no interview - might hire ppl with unsuitable traits.
now my doubt is does the conclsuion mean to say "if interview - suitable " ...does this include always suitable or most of the suitable? please also temme what should i infer or exactly take as conclusion when such type of unclear (accoridng to me) conc. is present.
Thankyou

Conclusion: Interviews are important because without them, we might hire people with unsuitable personalities.
Without interviews, we may hire people with unsuitable personalities. With interviews, we do not hire such people.

We are looking for an assumption (something that MUST be true):

B. An applicant is not able to hide personality traits that may be detrimental to the given position or company.
True. We are saying that interviews are important - without them, we may hire some people with unsuitable personalities. So this means that with interviews, we do not hire people with unsuitable personalities. So people with unsuitable personalities are not able to hide their personalities. Otherwise, if people were able to hide their personalities, an interview may not have been that effective.

C. All interviewers at Lightwave Industries are capable of determining whether a candidate's personality is a good fit for the company and position.
The most popular incorrect option - note here the use of the word "interviewers". I agree that had this been "interview", I would have been biting my nails on this question. But interviewers makes it very clear that this is not an assumption. We cannot say that an interview must have a single interviewer and that there would be a single interview. In fact, the question says "the process involves interviews (plural)". So even if ALL interviewers are not capable, the conclusion can still hold.

Answer (B)