As they create increasingly sophisticated voice and face recognition p

Question

Project SC Butler: Sentence Correction (SC1) 
 For SC butler Questions  Click Here

As they create increasingly sophisticated voice and face recognition products, technology firms are lobbying state lawmakers to discourage restrictive new laws  that critics call necessary to prevent the violation of user rights .
 
(A) that critics call necessary to prevent the violation of user rights
(B) which critics call these necessary to prevent the violating of user rights
(C) which critics call necessary to prevent user rights being violated
(D) that critics call them necessary to prevent the violating of user rights
(E) which critics call necessary to prevent the violating of user rights

generis · Answer

OFFICIAL EXPLANATION

Project SC Butler: Sentence Correction (SC1)

• HIGHLIGHTS

Issues tested?
→  which  vs.  that 
→ ___ING vs. dedicated noun

• Split #1: which vs. that

Generally:  Which  follows a comma, whereas  that  does not follow a comma.
-- The word  that  conveys essential information about its referent and is  almost never  preceded by a comma.* 
-- The word  which  conveys nonessential information about its referent and is  always  preceded by a comma.

*I can think of only two official questions in which  that  was preceded by a comma.
In both cases, the word  that  was not actually preceded by a comma but rather by a non-essential phrase that was itself enclosed in commas.
I can find only one of those questions at the moment.  Spoiler alert:  if you use link beneath the spoiler, you will almost certainly know the answer to a very hard official question.
 In the official question linked below, the phrase "with milky sap" precedes  that,  and the phrase itself is set off by commas.
That phrase cannot be placed elsewhere. Sometimes noun modifiers are somewhat far from what they modify, a fact that holds true for that-clauses, although you will encounter that situation very rarely.
You can find the official question  https://gmatclub.com/forum/about-5-million-acres-in-the-united-states-have-been-invaded-by-leafy-242544.html]  here   .

In the prompt, no comma exists after the word  law. 
Options B, C, and E incorrectly use  which:  it should be preceded by a comma and is not.
Eliminate B, C, and E

Note of caution: in British English,  which  and  that  are interchangeable. 
Speakers of British English are used to seeing the word  which  without a comma before it.
On the GMAT,  which  and  that  are  not  interchangeable—and which is always preceded by a comma.

• Split #2: ___ING vs. a dedicated noun

Option D uses an awkward gerund (verbING) phrases  the violating of. . 
Option A uses  the violation of. 
The phrase is (D) is unwieldy. 
If a dedicated noun exists (such as  violation  in option A), GMAC prefers the noun to the ___ING word.

Eliminate D

The best answer is A

• Other errors  
→ The pronoun "these" in option B is ungrammatical and weird.
The word which is a relative pronoun referring to "restrictive laws." 
We do not need "these," which is redundant and ungrammatical. The pronoun  which  already refers to the new laws.

→ the phrasing in option A,  the violation of,  is superior to the phrasing in B, C, D, and E
 the violation of  contains the preferred dedicated noun rather than the gerund  the violating of 
That noun usage is more idiomatic than the gerund.

Option D's use of "them," is similar to "these" in option B: redundant and incorrect.

COMMENTS

Most of these answers are good, and a couple are outstanding.

I'm glad to see all of your posts, and as always, extend an invitation to those of you who have been thinking about posting.

When I teach, I allow students to bring in one 8 x 11 in piece of unlined white paper for the final exam.
The students can write whatever they wish on the paper.
When I announce this rule, the students all look at me as though I'm crazy. 
They might be correct, but not because I let them write an entire semester's worth of material on a sheet of paper.

The act of committing a thought to paper seals it into memory.
 
Those of you who are posting will have an easier time remembering the concept.
Kudos to all.

poojakhanduja3017 · Answer

IMO A 
 The statement seems correct as is but let's inspect other options

As they create increasingly sophisticated voice and face recognition products, technology firms are lobbying state lawmakers to discourage restrictive new laws that critics call necessary to prevent the violation of user rights.

(A) that critics call necessary to prevent the violation of user rights  Seems correct 
(B) which critics call these necessary to prevent the violating of user rights   these is unnecessary  
(C) which critics call necessary to prevent user rights being violated   user rights being violated has a missing "FROM"  
(D) that critics call them necessary to prevent the violating of user rights   The noun form "violation" is better than violating of user rights 
(E) which critics call necessary to prevent the violating of user rights   Same as D. Plus this is a mandatory clause, hence, "That" is better than "which"

Abhishekrao12 · Answer

As they create increasingly sophisticated voice and face recognition products, technology firms are lobbying state lawmakers to discourage restrictive new laws  that critics call necessary to prevent the violation of user rights 
 
(A) that critics call necessary to prevent the violation of user rights

After POE, best answer !

(B) which critics call these necessary to prevent the violating of user rights
which and these both seem to refer to the laws. 2 pronouns referring to the same antecedent is redundant. violating is used instead of violation. eliminate.

(C) which critics call necessary to prevent user rights being violated

'to prevent the violation of user rights' is preferred over 'to prevent user rights being violated'. So eliminate

(D) that critics call them necessary to prevent the violating of user rights
that and them both seem to refer to the laws. 2 pronouns referring to the same antecedent is redundant. violating is used instead of violation. eliminate.

(E) which critics call necessary to prevent the violating of user rights 
violating is used instead of violation. eliminate.

FauleKatze · Answer

(A) that critics call necessary to prevent the violation of user rights -> Correct

(B)    which    critics call    these    necessary to prevent the violating of user rights -> "Which" is a nonrestrictive clause, henceforth "which" comes only after a comma to modify the noun preceding that comma. This is a quick way to eliminate this sentence. Other issue with this sentence is the use of "these". Use of "these" is not required.

(C)    which    critics call necessary to prevent user rights    being violated    -> Usage of "which" is incorrect. "being violated" is wrong, it should be "from being violated"

(D) that critics call    them    necessary to prevent the    violating    of user rights -> "Them" is not required. "Violating" is incorrect, it should be the noun form "violation" instead. "Violating" or any -ing word used without a form of "be" is a modifier modifying the preceding noun phrase, and in this sentence "Violating" thus modifies "them", which refers to the laws; laws, however aren't violating user rights.

(E)    which    critics call necessary to prevent the    violating    of user rights ->"Violating" is incorrect, it should be "violation" (Same explanation as D, except it will modify critics in this sentence). Also "which" is incorrect.

Shahalikhan · Answer

As they create increasingly sophisticated voice and face recognition products, technology firms are lobbying state lawmakers to discourage restrictive new laws  that critics call necessary to prevent the violation of user rights .
 
split between which & they. as its an essential modifier and no coma use that

(A) that critics call necessary to prevent the violation of user rights  correct  
(B) which critics call these necessary to prevent the violating of user rights  which is not correct 
(C) which critics call necessary to prevent user rights being violated  which is not correct 
(D) that critics call them necessary to prevent the violating of user  rights them is reffering to what 
(E) which critics call necessary to prevent the violating of user rights   which is not correct

monk123 · Answer

As they create increasingly sophisticated voice and face recognition products, technology firms are lobbying state lawmakers to discourage restrictive new laws  that critics call necessary to prevent the violation of user rights.

POE:
IDIOM ERROR - 'Violation of user rights' is the correct form
Eliminate (A), (D) & (E).
Using 'being' is redundant. Eliminate (C).

(A) that critics call necessary to prevent the violation of user rights -   CORRECT  
(B) which critics call these necessary to prevent the  violating of user rights 
(C) which critics call necessary to prevent user rights  being  violated
(D) that critics call them necessary to prevent the  violating of user rights 
(E) which critics call necessary to prevent the  violating of user rights

generis · Answer

The official answer is  here .

Kinshook · Answer

(A) that critics call necessary to prevent the  violation of  user rights
(B) which critics call  these  necessary to prevent the  violating  of user rights
(C) which critics call necessary to prevent user rights  being  violated
(D) that critics call them necessary to prevent the  violating  of user rights
(E) which critics call necessary to prevent the  violating  of user rights

IMO A

As they create increasingly sophisticated voice and face recognition p

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GMAT Sentence Correction (SC - EA only) Questions

As they create increasingly sophisticated voice and face recognition p

Prep Toolkit

615 to 715 in 15 Days (Ria's Strategies)

More than Quant/Verbal Abilities: Speed vs. Accuracy

745 with Only Self-Prep and GMAT Club

From 555 to 765: 210-point Improvement

Perfect 805 Score Debrief by Julia

My Rewards