(Book Question: 46)
The author of the passage draws conclusions about the fur trade in North America from all of the following sources EXCEPT
A. Cartier’s accounts of trading with Native Americans
B. a seventeenth-century account of European settlements
C. a sixteenth-century account written by a sailing vessel captain
D. archaeological observations of sixteenth-century Native American sites
E. a sixteenth-century account of Native Americans in what is
(Book Question: 47)
The passage suggests that which of the following is partially responsible for the difficulty in establishing the precise date when the fur trade in North America began?
A. A lack of written accounts before that of Nicolas Denys in 1672
B. A lack of written documentation before 1501
C. Ambiguities in the evidence from Native American sources
D. Uncertainty about Native American trade networks
E. Uncertainty about the origin of artifacts supposedly traded by European fishing crews for furs
(Book Question: 48)
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the author’s assertion in the first sentence of the second paragraph?
A. When Europeans retraced Cartier’s voyage in the first years of the seventeenth century, they frequently traded with Native Americans.
B. Furs from beavers, which were plentiful in North America but nearly extinct in Europe, became extremely fashionable in Europe in the final decades of the sixteenth century.
C. Firing arms were rarely found on sixteenth-century Native American sites or on European lists of trading goods since such arms required frequent maintenance and repair.
D. Europeans and Native Americans had established trade protocols, such as body language assuring one another of their peaceful intentions, that antedate the earliest records of trade.
E. During the first quarter of the sixteenth century, an Italian explorer recorded seeing many Native Americans with what appeared to be copper beads, though they may have been made of indigenous copper.
(Book Question: 49)
Which of the following best describes the primary function of lines 11–16?
A. It offers a reconsideration of a claim made in the preceding sentence.
B. It reveals how archaeologists arrived at an interpretation of the evidence mentioned in the preceding sentence.
C. It shows how scholars misinterpreted the significance of certain evidence mentioned in the preceding sentence.
D. It identifies one of the first significant accounts of seventeenth-century European settlements in North America.
E. It explains why Denys’s account of seventeenth-century European settlements is thought to be significant.
(Book Question: 50)
It can be inferred from the passage that the author would agree with which of the following statements about the fur trade between Native Americans and Europeans in the early modern era?
A. This trade may have begun as early as the 1480s.
B. This trade probably did not continue much beyond the 1530s.
C. This trade was most likely at its peak in the mid-1520s.
D. This trade probably did not begin prior to 1500.
E. There is no written evidence of this trade prior to the seventeenth century.
(Book Question: 51)
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the Native Americans mentioned in line 25?
A. They had little use for decorative objects such as earrings.
B. They became increasingly dependent on fishing between 1501 and 1524.
C. By 1524, only certain groups of Europeans were willing to trade with them.
D. The selectivity of their trading choices made it difficult for them to engage in widespread trade with Europeans.
E. The selectivity of their trading choices indicates that they had been trading with Europeans for a significant period of time prior to 1524.
(Book Question: 52)
The passage supports which of the following statements about sixteenth-century European fishing crews working the waters off Newfoundland?
A. They wrote no accounts of their fishing voyages.
B. They primarily sailed under the flag of Portugal.
C. They exchanged ship parts with Native Americans for furs.
D. They commonly traded jewelry with Native Americans for furs.
E. They carried surplus metal implements to trade with Native Americans for furs.
(Book Question: 53)
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about evidence pertaining to the fur trade between Native Americans and Europeans in the early modern era?
A. A lack of written evidence has made it difficult to establish which Europeans first participated in this trade.
B. In general, the physical evidence pertaining to this trade has been more useful than the written evidence has been.
C. There is more written evidence pertaining to this trade from the early part of the sixteenth century than from later in that century.
D. The earliest written evidence pertaining to this trade dates from a time when the trade was already well established.
E. Some important pieces of evidence pertaining to this trade, such as Denys’s 1672 account, were long overlooked by archaeologists.
(Book Question: 54)
The passage suggests which of the following about the sixteenth-century Native Americans who traded with Europeans on the coast of what is now called New England?
A. By 1524 they had become accustomed to exchanging goods with Europeans.
B. They were unfamiliar with metals before encountering Europeans.
C. They had no practical uses for European goods other than metals and metal implements.
D. By 1524 they had become disdainful of European traders because such traders had treated them unfairly in the past.
E. By 1524 they demanded only the most prized European goods because they had come to realize how valuable furs were on European markets.
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