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Nine individuals are sitting on the dais, from left to right, to receive an award at a local club. The awardees include at least one from each of five age groups: children, teenagers, young adults, middle-aged adults, and senior citizens. The first or the last seat is occupied by a senior citizen, who is the only individual in that age group. No two individuals from the same age group are sitting next to each other. For example, no young adult is sitting next to another young adult. There are more middle-aged adults than individuals of any other age group. There are fewer teenagers than children, young adults, or middle-aged adults. The first three individuals from the left are a young adult, a teenager, and another young adult.

From left, first three individuals from the left are a young adult, a teenager, and another young adult, the first or the last seat is occupied by a senior citizen, only one S
So we have Y T Y _ _ _ _ _ S

There are more middle-aged adults than individuals of any other age group.
We have already 2Y, so we need 3M
Y T Y M _ M _ M S
There are fewer teenagers than children, young adults, or middle-aged adults
C > T, there are 2 places left for C
Y T Y M C M C M S
So the 5th and 7th is both C
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For Ringer, Theatre troupes often deliver exceptional performances when they cast professional actors.
this would act as best motivation to caste a ringer as he/she is the one professional actor and if it ensures success then play should should go for Ringer

Caste from the troupe, An organization should not alter regular practices unless they have failed to produce results.
this would be best because they have been regularly doing well by choosing lead from one of their own
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Bunuel
­An amateur theatre troupe needs to cast the lead role for a play it will be performing in an upcoming festival; the troupe’s managers are eager to make a good impression, as the festival is prestigious and invites to perform at it are rare. Typically, the troupe casts all roles from among its members, a strategy that has helped them put on some of their most successful shows. However, the managers are now considering bringing in a “ringer”, a professional actor with experience in stage and film.

On the basis of the information provided, select Ringer for the principle that, if accepted, best suggests that the managers should cast a professional actor, and Cast from the troupe for the principle that, if accepted, best suggests that the managers should cast from among the troupe’s regular members.

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Let's consider each statement as an argument for each of Ringer and Cast from the troupe

1. Any actor would be eager to play a lead role at a festival this prestigious.
This is out of scope for both the stances, easily eliminated.

2. An organization should not alter regular practices unless they have failed to produce results.
This sounds about right, except that it doesn't provide evidence to support itself, potentially it could've been a good take for the Cast from the troupe stance.

3. A theatre troupe should cast actors with the most experience in stage acting in lead roles.
This sounds good for the argument for a Ringer, although again without evidence.

4. In casting any role, a theatre troupe must take care not to alienate its members.
This is the only self-sufficient argument so far for the Cast from the troupe stance.

5. Theatre troupes often deliver exceptional performances when they cast professional actors.
Notice that this is an argument with a fact rather than suggestion, hence it holds strength, only good argument for the Ringer stance.

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­An amateur theatre troupe needs to cast the lead role for a play it will be performing in an upcoming festival; the troupe’s managers are eager to make a good impression, as the festival is prestigious and invites to perform at it are rare. Typically, the troupe casts all roles from among its members, a strategy that has helped them put on some of their most successful shows. However, the managers are now considering bringing in a “ringer”, a professional actor with experience in stage and film.

On the basis of the information provided, select Ringer for the principle that, if accepted, best suggests that the managers should cast a professional actor, and Cast from the troupe for the principle that, if accepted, best suggests that the managers should cast from among the troupe’s regular members.

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­The qs gives me the following info:
- Amateur troupe
- Typically casts lead from own members
- This time is considering a professional actor- Ringer

Qs asks me, under which principle will choosing each of the alternatives will make sense.

I consider the first column and read, trying to find the answer for the first one-
C and E are close. E seems like a better possibility- I want to make a good impression and such opportunities are rare and there is a likelihood of delivering exceptional shows when professionals are hired. C mentions the condition- choose those with most experience in lead roles- there is a possibility that the troupe's amateur lead has more experience than a professional. Makes the principle unclear. Thus E
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­An amateur theatre troupe needs to cast the lead role for a play it will be performing in an upcoming festival; the troupe’s managers are eager to make a good impression, as the festival is prestigious and invites to perform at it are rare. Typically, the troupe casts all roles from among its members, a strategy that has helped them put on some of their most successful shows. However, the managers are now considering bringing in a “ringer”, a professional actor with experience in stage and film.

On the basis of the information provided, select Ringer for the principle that, if accepted, best suggests that the managers should cast a professional actor, and Cast from the troupe for the principle that, if accepted, best suggests that the managers should cast from among the troupe’s regular members.

­
 


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­For Ringer:
- "A theatre troupe should cast actors with the most experience in stage acting in lead roles." This principle supports casting a professional actor (a ringer) who has extensive experience and could enhance the troupe's performance at the prestigious festival.

For Cast from the troupe:
- "An organization should not alter regular practices unless they have failed to produce results." This principle supports casting from among the troupe's regular members, as their method of casting from within has historically led to successful shows, aligning with their regular practice.
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­The correct answer is:
Ringer
A theatre troupe should cast actors with the most experience in stage acting in lead roles.

Troupe:
An organization should not alter regular practices unless they have failed to produce results

 
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1. Ringer -Pro actor with experience.

Theatre troupes often deliver exceptional performances when they cast professional actors.

2. Cast from Troupe - casts all roles from among its members, a strategy that has helped them put on some of their most successful shows.
An organization should not alter regular practices unless they have failed to produce results.

1-5 2-2
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To answer this question, we must pay attention to the details of the text and the careful wording of the answer choices. The point in this question is that there is one answer choice that most strengthens the argument for a Ringer and one answer choice that does the same for a Cast from the Troupe.

1. Let us begin by looking at the first answer choice
- "Any actor would be eager to play a lead role at a festival this prestigious".

This statement is quite vague and the use of the words "any actor" gives us no indication as to whether they are referring to a professional actor i.e. The Ringer or an amateur actor which would consist of a member from the troupe. Since we have no way to distinguish which actor they are referring to, this statement does little to make a case for which course of action the manager should take.

2. Let us look at the second answer choice
- "An organization should not alter regular practices unless they have failed to produce results". 

Now this answer choice is quite interesting because it refers to this very specific piece of information in the text, "Typically, the troupe casts all roles from among its members, a strategy that has helped them put on some of their most successful shows". In this answer choice, an organization refers to the troupe, their "regular practices" refer to their strategy to cast all their roles from among members, and the statement "failed to produce results" does not apply since they have put on some of their most successful shows, meaning they have NOT failed to produce results. This statement would urge the troupe to continue casting from within their organisation to carry on producing results. So this answer choice is potentially interesting for Cast from the Troupe.

3. The third answer choice states 
- "A theatre troupe should cast actors with the most experience in stage acting in lead roles."

We may be tempted by this answer choice to select Ringer however, upon closer inspection the answer choice offers little to no support for this. The key is in the phrase "most experience in stage acting", and not acting as a whole or in professional acting. A ringer was defined as a "professional actor with experience in stage and film." However, actors from the theatre troupe also have experience in stage acting and therefore we cannot conclude from this statement or from the text whether the ringer or the amateur actor from the troupe has more stage acting experience. Because of this, this answer choice does little to aid the manager in making a decision and is not a good fit for either ringer or cast from the troupe.

4. The fourth answer choice states 
"In casting any role, a theatre troupe must take care not to alienate its members." While this answer choice may potentially insinuate that it is not advisable to bring in a ringer, in reality this is not accurate. All it states is that it is necessary to take care of its members. First of all, it does not mention who the members are, whether they are guests, invites, or from the troupe, so again we do not have any idea who they are referring to in this statement. Finally, there is absolutely nothing in the text that suggests the contrary, that either Ringer or lead from the Cast from the troupe are going to be, in anyway shape or form, alienated. And even if they were, there is no link between alienation and quality of the performance from the perspective of the manager who has to make a decision on who they must cast.

5. The fifth answer choice is that the
-"Theatre troupes often deliver exceptional performances when they cast professional actors."

This is a very concise and powerful statement, clearly highlighting the link between hiring a professional actor or a Ringer and the delivery of exceptional performances by theatre troupes. We know the statement is referring to Ringers since Ringers are defined as "professional actors with experience in stage and film" and that it cannot be amateur actors as by definition, they are not professional. Secondly, the statement "deliver exceptional performance" is exactly the criterium the manager is looking for in their hiring process. 

The two answer choices are Cast from the troupe for 2. and Ringer for 5 as these two answer choices clearly demonstrate the link between hiring each respective actor and the qualitative benefit to the manager, which is exactly what they were looking for in making their decision. 

Bunuel
­An amateur theatre troupe needs to cast the lead role for a play it will be performing in an upcoming festival; the troupe’s managers are eager to make a good impression, as the festival is prestigious and invites to perform at it are rare. Typically, the troupe casts all roles from among its members, a strategy that has helped them put on some of their most successful shows. However, the managers are now considering bringing in a “ringer”, a professional actor with experience in stage and film.

On the basis of the information provided, select Ringer for the principle that, if accepted, best suggests that the managers should cast a professional actor, and Cast from the troupe for the principle that, if accepted, best suggests that the managers should cast from among the troupe’s regular members.

­
 


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­
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­Hi bb and experts,

In option B - How are we keeping sure that members have never failed to impress/put on a good show when it is explicitly mentioned that they have typically helped in putting on some of the most successful shows. So there is a possibility that at SOMEtimes they might have not produced the best results?

And for the same reason why option D is wrong, When it says "In any role (LEAD ROLE TOO), we should not alienate members"  
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I was confused between C and E for Ringer.

But if you read the question stem, it says - select Ringer for the principle that, if accepted, best suggests that the managers should cast a professional actor, and Cast from the troupe for the principle that, if accepted, best suggests that the managers should cast from among the troupe’s regular members.

Basically you need to select a statement that helps them make their decision not another suggestion for who to cast or what to look for in candidate.
Hence, for Ringer C is wrong and E is right.
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when the argument says "Typically, the troupe casts all roles from among its members, a strategy that has helped them put on some of their most successful shows." it doesnt necessarily mean that this strategy has never failed. Unless it means "strategy that has ALWAYS helped them".

Then how can we choose B, how do we know that the process has never failed

Bunuel
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