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12 Jul 2024, 07:01
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Janet: Records from that era show that aurochs were very hard to hunt.
Junko: Most historians agree that Asian domesticated cattle were first imported to Eastern Europe in the late 1600s.
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
95%
(hard)
Question Stats:
35% (02:38) correct
65%
(02:37)
wrong
based on 528
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Janet: The wild auroch was a species of large wild cattle whose last known herd went extinct in Eastern Europe in the first half of the 1600s. As the records of the period show that their extinction occurred during a period of stagnation in local population growth, it is unlikely that they were hunted to extinction or died due to habitat displacement. Something else must have led to the auroch’s extinction, and the best candidate is rinderpest – a disease inadvertently introduced into the auroch’s ecosystem through the import of domesticated cattle from Asia.
Junko: That argument is unlikely to convince scholars on its own. Can you cite any other evidence in its favor?
Select Janet for the statement that, if true, best strengthens Janet’s assertion, and select Junko for the statement that, if true, best strengthens Junko’s disbelief regarding Janet’s assertions. Make only two selections, one in each column.
Junko: That argument is unlikely to convince scholars on its own. Can you cite any other evidence in its favor?
Select Janet for the statement that, if true, best strengthens Janet’s assertion, and select Junko for the statement that, if true, best strengthens Junko’s disbelief regarding Janet’s assertions. Make only two selections, one in each column.
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| Janet | Junko | |
| The auroch’s in Eastern Europe went extinct during a time period wherein trade between Asia and Easter Europe was weaker than it had been during earlier periods wherein they thrived. | ||
| Most historians agree that Asian domesticated cattle were first imported to Eastern Europe in the late 1600s. | ||
| Roughly half a dozen other species of cattle went extinct alongside the auroch. | ||
| Records from that era show that aurochs were very hard to hunt. | ||
| Several wild animals larger than the aurochs also went extinct during the 1600s. |
ShowHide Answer
Official Answer
Janet: Records from that era show that aurochs were very hard to hunt.
Junko: Most historians agree that Asian domesticated cattle were first imported to Eastern Europe in the late 1600s.
12 Jul 2024, 07:05
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Bunuel
Janet: The wild auroch was a species of large wild cattle whose last known herd went extinct in Eastern Europe in the first half of the 1600s. As the records of the period show that their extinction occurred during a period of stagnation in local population growth, it is unlikely that they were hunted to extinction or died due to habitat displacement. Something else must have led to the auroch’s extinction, and the best candidate is rinderpest – a disease inadvertently introduced into the auroch’s ecosystem through the import of domesticated cattle from Asia.
Junko: That argument is unlikely to convince scholars on its own. Can you cite any other evidence in its favor?
Select Janet for the statement that, if true, best strengthens Janet’s assertion, and select Junko for the statement that, if true, best strengthens Junko’s disbelief regarding Janet’s assertions. Make only two selections, one in each column.
Experts' Global Explanation:Junko: That argument is unlikely to convince scholars on its own. Can you cite any other evidence in its favor?
Select Janet for the statement that, if true, best strengthens Janet’s assertion, and select Junko for the statement that, if true, best strengthens Junko’s disbelief regarding Janet’s assertions. Make only two selections, one in each column.
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A.
Janet’s argument is that the auroch went extinct in Eastern Europe during a time when the human population of the region had stagnated, so the cause of the extinction was likely rinderpest – a disease inadvertently introduced into the auroch’s ecosystem through the import of domesticated cattle from Asia – rather than hunting or habitat loss. If the given statement were true, the number of cattle imported from Asia to Eastern Europe would likely have fallen, decreasing the likelihood of rinderpest transmission, meaning the statement weakens Janet’s argument.
Thus, the relative strength of trade between Asia and Eastern Europe at the time of the auroch’s extinction is not information that strengthens Janet’s argument.
Thus, the relative strength of trade between Asia and Eastern Europe at the time of the auroch’s extinction is information that strengthens Junko’s disbelief regarding Janet’s argument.
B.
Janet’s argument is that the auroch went extinct in Eastern Europe during a time when the human population of the region had stagnated, so the cause of the extinction was likely rinderpest – a disease inadvertently introduced into the auroch’s ecosystem through the import of domesticated cattle from Asia – rather than hunting or habitat loss. According to Janet’s argument, the auroch went extinct in the first half of the 1600s; if domesticated cattle were not imported to Eastern Europe until the late 1600s, these cattle could not have transmitted rinderpest to the auroch meaning the statement completely undermines Janet’s conclusion.
Thus, the fact that Asian domesticated cattle were first imported to Eastern Europe in the late 1600s is not information that strengthens Janet’s argument.
Thus, the fact that Asian domesticated cattle were first imported to Eastern Europe in the late 1600s is information that greatly strengthens Junko’s disbelief regarding Janet’s argument.
Hence, B is the best answer choice for the column “Junko”.
C.
Janet’s argument makes no mention of other extinctions that took place at the same time as the auroch’s, so other species of cattle going extinct is irrelevant to the argument.
Thus, the fact that half a dozen other species of cattle went extinct alongside the auroch is not information that strengthens Janet’s argument.
Thus, the fact that half a dozen other species of cattle went extinct alongside the auroch is not information that strengthens Junko’s disbelief regarding Janet’s argument.
D.
Janet’s argument is that the auroch went extinct in Eastern Europe during a time when the human population of the region had stagnated, so the cause of the extinction was likely rinderpest rather than hunting or habitat loss. If records show that aurochs were difficult to hunt, then Janet’s claim that hunting was not one of the causes of the extinction is bolstered.
Thus, the fact that aurochs were difficult to hunt is information that strengthens Janet’s argument.
Thus, the fact that aurochs were difficult to hunt is information that strengthens Junko’s disbelief regarding Janet’s argument.
Hence, D is the correct answer choice for the column “Janet”.
E.
Janet’s argument makes no mention of other extinctions that took place at the same time as the auroch’s, so other species of wild animals going extinct is irrelevant to the argument.
Thus, the fact that wild animals larger than the aurochs also went extinct during the 1600s is not information that strengthens Janet’s argument.
Thus, the fact that wild animals larger than the aurochs also went extinct during the 1600s is not information that strengthens Junko’s disbelief regarding Janet’s argument.
__________________________________
Hence, D is the correct answer choice for the column “Janet”, and B is the best answer choice for the column “Junko”.
Interesting discussion: A student once wrote to us, asking how to tell whether A or B is the best answer choice for the “Junko” column, as both weaken Janet’s argument. Can you see what the student missed? A states that trade between Asia was weaker than it had been, making it less likely, that a disease from Asia could have been transmitted to Eastern Europe. Whereas, B states that the Asian cattle, and thus the rinderpest, did not reach Eastern Europe, until the auroch had gone extinct, making it impossible for rinderpest to have caused the extinction.
12 Jul 2024, 07:17
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To analyze Janet and Junko's arguments and determine which statements best support or weaken Janet's claim, we need to focus on evidence related to the introduction of rinderpest and the timing of the auroch’s extinction.
Janet’s assertion: The extinction of the aurochs was likely due to rinderpest, introduced by domesticated cattle from Asia.
Junko’s disbelief: Janet's argument is insufficient without more supporting evidence.
Statements to analyze:
The aurochs in Eastern Europe went extinct during a time period wherein trade between Asia and Eastern Europe was weaker than it had been during earlier periods wherein they thrived.
Junko: This weakens Janet’s assertion by suggesting that it was less likely for rinderpest to be introduced during the period of the aurochs’ extinction due to reduced trade with Asia.
Most historians agree that Asian domesticated cattle were first imported to Eastern Europe in the late 1600s.
Junko: This also weakens Janet’s assertion because if the cattle were imported after the aurochs’ extinction in the first half of the 1600s, it would be impossible for rinderpest from those cattle to have caused their extinction.
Roughly half a dozen other species of cattle went extinct alongside the auroch.
Janet: This strengthens Janet’s assertion by suggesting a widespread cause like a disease affecting multiple species, which supports the idea of rinderpest being the cause.
Records from that era show that aurochs were very hard to hunt.
Janet: This strengthens Janet’s argument by supporting the claim that hunting was unlikely to be the cause of their extinction, making the disease hypothesis more plausible.
Several wild animals larger than the aurochs also went extinct during the 1600s.
Junko: This weakens Janet’s assertion by suggesting that a broader environmental or ecological factor, rather than a specific disease like rinderpest, could have been responsible for the extinctions.
Selections:
Janet:
Roughly half a dozen other species of cattle went extinct alongside the auroch.
This statement provides evidence of a widespread issue affecting multiple species, aligning with Janet’s rinderpest hypothesis.
Junko:
Most historians agree that Asian domesticated cattle were first imported to Eastern Europe in the late 1600s.
This statement undermines Janet’s argument by indicating that the cattle, and thus rinderpest, arrived after the aurochs’ extinction.
Summary:
For Janet: Roughly half a dozen other species of cattle went extinct alongside the auroch.
For Junko: Most historians agree that Asian domesticated cattle were first imported to Eastern Europe in the late 1600s.
Janet’s assertion: The extinction of the aurochs was likely due to rinderpest, introduced by domesticated cattle from Asia.
Junko’s disbelief: Janet's argument is insufficient without more supporting evidence.
Statements to analyze:
The aurochs in Eastern Europe went extinct during a time period wherein trade between Asia and Eastern Europe was weaker than it had been during earlier periods wherein they thrived.
Junko: This weakens Janet’s assertion by suggesting that it was less likely for rinderpest to be introduced during the period of the aurochs’ extinction due to reduced trade with Asia.
Most historians agree that Asian domesticated cattle were first imported to Eastern Europe in the late 1600s.
Junko: This also weakens Janet’s assertion because if the cattle were imported after the aurochs’ extinction in the first half of the 1600s, it would be impossible for rinderpest from those cattle to have caused their extinction.
Roughly half a dozen other species of cattle went extinct alongside the auroch.
Janet: This strengthens Janet’s assertion by suggesting a widespread cause like a disease affecting multiple species, which supports the idea of rinderpest being the cause.
Records from that era show that aurochs were very hard to hunt.
Janet: This strengthens Janet’s argument by supporting the claim that hunting was unlikely to be the cause of their extinction, making the disease hypothesis more plausible.
Several wild animals larger than the aurochs also went extinct during the 1600s.
Junko: This weakens Janet’s assertion by suggesting that a broader environmental or ecological factor, rather than a specific disease like rinderpest, could have been responsible for the extinctions.
Selections:
Janet:
Roughly half a dozen other species of cattle went extinct alongside the auroch.
This statement provides evidence of a widespread issue affecting multiple species, aligning with Janet’s rinderpest hypothesis.
Junko:
Most historians agree that Asian domesticated cattle were first imported to Eastern Europe in the late 1600s.
This statement undermines Janet’s argument by indicating that the cattle, and thus rinderpest, arrived after the aurochs’ extinction.
Summary:
For Janet: Roughly half a dozen other species of cattle went extinct alongside the auroch.
For Junko: Most historians agree that Asian domesticated cattle were first imported to Eastern Europe in the late 1600s.
