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To determine which option most seriously calls into question the nutritionist's conclusion, we need to identify information that would undermine the argument that regulating school cafeteria offerings would not significantly impact overall teenage snack consumption.
Let's analyze each option:

A. Teenagers are more likely to consume unhealthy snacks at home if they perceive a lack of desirable options at school.

This option suggests that if schools regulate unhealthy snacks, teenagers might compensate by eating more unhealthy snacks at home. However, it does not directly address whether the initial consumption at school is accurately measured or relevant to the overall intake. Therefore, it does not directly call into question the nutritionist's conclusion.

B. Many schools already limit the sale of certain types of unhealthy snacks, but they remain available through vending machines not controlled by the cafeteria.

This option implies that unhealthy snacks are still accessible at school despite cafeteria regulations. However, it doesn't address the accuracy of the study's measurement or whether regulating cafeteria offerings affects total consumption. This option does not directly call into question the nutritionist's conclusion.

C. Health education classes that discuss dietary choices can influence teenagers to make healthier eating decisions, independent of the school cafeteria offerings.

This option suggests an alternative method to influence healthier eating habits but does not challenge the study's findings or the conclusion about the impact of regulating school snacks. Therefore, it does not directly call into question the nutritionist's conclusion.

D. The study measured only the snacks consumed within school hours and did not account for additional consumption immediately before or after school.

This option directly challenges the study's methodology by indicating that it may not have captured the full extent of snack consumption related to the school environment. If teenagers consume additional unhealthy snacks before or after school, the study's finding that they eat less than two unhealthy snacks per week at school may not reflect their overall consumption. This option directly calls into question the nutritionist's conclusion by suggesting that the study may have underestimated total unhealthy snack consumption related to school.

E. Teenagers often skip meals at home, which increases their likelihood of consuming snacks, both healthy and unhealthy, during school hours.

This option suggests a reason why teenagers might consume snacks at school but does not address the accuracy of the study's measurement or whether regulating school snacks would affect total consumption. Therefore, it does not directly call into question the nutritionist's conclusion.

Therefore, the statement that most seriously calls into question the nutritionist's conclusion is:
D. The study measured only the snacks consumed within school hours and did not account for additional consumption immediately before or after school.

Answer: D
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D clearly mentioned that the study isnt on point.

Consumption of snackss could actually be higher if consumed immediately before or after school hours.
This implies that regulating cafeteria could have more impact on overall obesity rates.

Correct option: D
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­Nutritionist's Argument:

Proposal: Schools should regulate snack options to combat teenage obesity.

Critics' Argument: Teenagers will bring unhealthy snacks from home if they want them.

Study Finding: The average consumption of unhealthy snacks at school is less than two items per week.

Conclusion: Regulating school cafeteria offerings would not significantly impact overall teenage snack consumption.

The nutritionist's conclusion is based on the study's finding that teenagers do not consume many unhealthy snacks at school, implying that regulation would not have a significant impact.

A. Teenagers are more likely to consume unhealthy snacks at home if they perceive a lack of desirable options at school.
This suggests that regulating school snacks could shift consumption to home, but it does not directly address the impact of current school consumption on overall consumption. We can rule out A.


B. Many schools already limit the sale of certain types of unhealthy snacks, but they remain available through vending machines not controlled by the cafeteria.
This indicates a potential loophole but does not directly refute the conclusion about overall consumption. We can eliminate B.


C. Health education classes that discuss dietary choices can influence teenagers to make healthier eating decisions, independent of the school cafeteria offerings.
This suggests another method to influence teenage eating habits but does not directly challenge the study's findings or the conclusion. We can rule out C.


D. The study measured only the snacks consumed within school hours and did not account for additional consumption immediately before or after school.
This is the most relevant option because it directly questions the comprehensiveness of the study. If the study did not account for snacks consumed before or after school, then the finding that teenagers consume less than two unhealthy snacks per week at school might underestimate total consumption influenced by school hours. This means that regulating school cafeteria options could still impact overall consumption if many snacks are eaten just outside school hours. D sounds good.


E. Teenagers often skip meals at home, which increases their likelihood of consuming snacks, both healthy and unhealthy, during school hours.
This does not directly challenge the finding that the consumption at school is low or the conclusion about overall impact. E is out.


Therefore, correct answer is D.­
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Type of question: Weaken

What to look for: Additional info out of passage

What came to my mind after reading question:

Loophole in premise it only considers consumption during school hours.
What if students get addicted to unhealthy stuff because of tasting them at school or being influenced by friends' food choices.

This makes food habits during school very crucial.


Option D>> Goes with similar lines, students carrying food items from cafeteria to home or eating at cafeteria before school begins.­
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Students making their own decisions will not be affected by cafeteria hence the nutritionist finding is not true.

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­Nutritionist Claim: It has been proposed that to combat rising obesity rates among teenagers, schools should strictly regulate the snack options available in school cafeterias. Critics argue that teenagers will just bring less healthy snacks from home if they want them. However, a recent study shows that the average consumption of unhealthy snacks by teenagers at school is less than two items per week, suggesting that teenagers do not heavily consume these products at school anyway. Thus, regulating school cafeteria offerings would not significantly impact overall teenage snack consumption.

Proposal: to combat rising obesity rates among teenagers, schools should strictly regulate the snack options available in school cafeterias
Critics of proposal: teenagers will bring less healthy snacks from home
Study: the average consumption of unhealthy snacks by teenagers at school is less than two items per week
Nutritionist conclusion: regulating school cafeteria offerings would not significantly impact overall teenage snack consumption.


Which of the following, if true, would most seriously call into question the nutritionist's conclusion?

B. Many schools already limit the sale of certain types of unhealthy snacks, but they remain available through vending machines not controlled by the cafeteria. [Irrelevant as we are not concerened about other vending machines]

C. Health education classes that discuss dietary choices can influence teenagers to make healthier eating decisions, independent of the school cafeteria offerings. [Irrelevant conclusion has nothing to do with the Health education classes]

E. Teenagers often skip meals at home, which increases their likelihood of consuming snacks, both healthy and unhealthy, during school hours. [Irrelevant as this doesn't do anything for conclusion]

A. Teenagers are more likely to consume unhealthy snacks at home if they perceive a lack of desirable options at school. [If this is true then regulating the school cafeteria offering will increase overall teenage snack consumption]

D. The study measured only the snacks consumed within school hours and did not account for additional consumption immediately before or after school.[This slightly invaidates the study but doesn't say if they do eat it more or they don't eat it during that time]

A seems like the better choice as it directly suggest impact of regulating the school cafeteria offering on overall teenage snack consumption
 
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­Nutritionist Claim: It has been proposed that to combat rising obesity rates among teenagers, schools should strictly regulate the snack options available in school cafeterias. Critics argue that teenagers will just bring less healthy snacks from home if they want them. However, a recent study shows that the average consumption of unhealthy snacks by teenagers at school is less than two items per week, suggesting that teenagers do not heavily consume these products at school anyway. Thus, regulating school cafeteria offerings would not significantly impact overall teenage snack consumption.




­
 


This question was provided by GMAT Club
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­
­Nutritionist Claim: It has been proposed that to combat rising obesity rates among teenagers, schools should strictly regulate the snack options available in school cafeterias. Critics argue that teenagers will just bring less healthy snacks from home if they want them. However, a recent study shows that the average consumption of unhealthy snacks by teenagers at school is less than two items per week, suggesting that teenagers do not heavily consume these products at school anyway. Thus, regulating school cafeteria offerings would not significantly impact overall teenage snack consumption.­


IC : study shows that the average consumption of unhealthy snacks by teenagers at school is less than two items per week
conclusion : regulating school cafeteria offerings would not significantly impact overall teenage snack consumption.­

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously call into question the nutritionist's conclusion?

A. Teenagers are more likely to consume unhealthy snacks at home if they perceive a lack of desirable options at school.
argument is about consumption at school not at home ; incorrect

B. Many schools already limit the sale of certain types of unhealthy snacks, but they remain available through vending machines not controlled by the cafeteria.
question is about consumption of snacks not about availability ;
incorrect


C. Health education classes that discuss dietary choices can influence teenagers to make healthier eating decisions, independent of the school cafeteria offerings.
irrelevant option 

D. The study measured only the snacks consumed within school hours and did not account for additional consumption immediately before or after school.
same as option A ; incorrect

E. Teenagers often skip meals at home, which increases their likelihood of consuming snacks, both healthy and unhealthy, during school hours.
this is correct option

OPTION E is correct

 
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­Nutritionist Claim: It has been proposed that to combat rising obesity rates among teenagers, schools should strictly regulate the snack options available in school cafeterias. Critics argue that teenagers will just bring less healthy snacks from home if they want them. However, a recent study shows that the average consumption of unhealthy snacks by teenagers at school is less than two items per week, suggesting that teenagers do not heavily consume these products at school anyway. Thus, regulating school cafeteria offerings would not significantly impact overall teenage snack consumption.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously call into question the nutritionist's conclusion?

Line of thought: regulating school cafeteria offerings should impact the snack (unhealthy) consumption

A. Teenagers are more likely to consume unhealthy snacks at home if they perceive a lack of desirable options at school. -> this is good since this gives reasons on why would they want to eat more unhealthy food. -> Answer

B. Many schools already limit the sale of certain types of unhealthy snacks, but they remain available through vending machines not controlled by the cafeteria. -> Irrelevant since they talk about limiting it but not its impact

C. Health education classes that discuss dietary choices can influence teenagers to make healthier eating decisions, independent of the school cafeteria offerings. -> Irrelevant, we don't know if it is actually influencing or not

D. The study measured only the snacks consumed within school hours and did not account for additional consumption immediately before or after school. -> Irrelevant, this doesn't talk about which snacks

E. Teenagers often skip meals at home, which increases their likelihood of consuming snacks, both healthy and unhealthy, during school hours.­ -> This feels like a trap option, it is talking about both options but we are "more" concerned with unhealthy snacks which could lead to obesity
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­Nutritionist Claim: It has been proposed that to combat rising obesity rates among teenagers, schools should strictly regulate the snack options available in school cafeterias. Critics argue that teenagers will just bring less healthy snacks from home if they want them. However, a recent study shows that the average consumption of unhealthy snacks by teenagers at school is less than two items per week, suggesting that teenagers do not heavily consume these products at school anyway. Thus, regulating school cafeteria offerings would not significantly impact overall teenage snack consumption.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously call into question the nutritionist's conclusion?

A. Teenagers are more likely to consume unhealthy snacks at home if they perceive a lack of desirable options at school.

B. Many schools already limit the sale of certain types of unhealthy snacks, but they remain available through vending machines not controlled by the cafeteria.

C. Health education classes that discuss dietary choices can influence teenagers to make healthier eating decisions, independent of the school cafeteria offerings.

D. The study measured only the snacks consumed within school hours and did not account for additional consumption immediately before or after school.

E. Teenagers often skip meals at home, which increases their likelihood of consuming snacks, both healthy and unhealthy, during school hours.



­
 


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­Conlcusion: Regulating School cafeteria offerings would not significantly impact overall teenage snack consumption.
Reasoning: Teenager will bring less healthy snacks from home.
                Recent study shows that the average consumption of unhealthy snacks by teenagers at school is less than two items per week,  suggesting that teenagers do not heavily consume these products at school anyway

Weaken 

A Strengthen the reasoning
B Strengthen the conclusion.
C Out of scope, health education is not part of reasoning.
D Even if study did not account for the after/ before school hours the school cafeteria do not play much role in it.
E Yes; this weakens the conclusion; as more unhealty options in the cafeteria would lead teenagers to choose them as snacks for eating in contrast to if they are not available.
 
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Nutritionist Claim: It has been proposed that to combat rising obesity rates among teenagers, schools should strictly regulate the snack options available in school cafeterias. Critics argue that teenagers will just bring less healthy snacks from home if they want them. However, a recent study shows that the average consumption of unhealthy snacks by teenagers at school is less than two items per week, suggesting that teenagers do not heavily consume these products at school anyway. Thus, regulating school cafeteria offerings would not significantly impact overall teenage snack consumption.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously call into question the nutritionist's conclusion?

A. Teenagers are more likely to consume unhealthy snacks at home if they perceive a lack of desirable options at school.

B. Many schools already limit the sale of certain types of unhealthy snacks, but they remain available through vending machines not controlled by the cafeteria.

C. Health education classes that discuss dietary choices can influence teenagers to make healthier eating decisions, independent of the school cafeteria offerings.

D. The study measured only the snacks consumed within school hours and did not account for additional consumption immediately before or after school.

E. Teenagers often skip meals at home, which increases their likelihood of consuming snacks, both healthy and unhealthy, during school hours.

Conclusion - Regulating school cafeteria offerings would not significantly impact overall teenage snack consumption.
Weakener will be anything which shows - Regulating school cafeteria offerings may / would impact overall teenage snack consumption.

A. Teenagers are more likely to consume unhealthy snacks at home if they perceive a lack of desirable options at school. ==> Hence regulating cafetria wont help. They will anyways eat at home if controlled at school. REJECTED.

B.Many schools already limit the sale of certain types of unhealthy snacks, but they remain available through vending machines not controlled by the cafeteria. ===> Hence , again , regulating cafetria wont help. Those vending machines will play the spoilsport. REJECTED.

C. Health education classes that discuss dietary choices can influence teenagers to make healthier eating decisions, independent of the school cafeteria offerings. ===> Hence , again , regulating cafetria wont help as the children are more likely to be influenced by the health education classes. REJECTED.

D.The study measured only the snacks consumed within school hours and did not account for additional consumption immediately before or after school. ==> This option identifies a flaw in the study. Children may consume unhealthy food before the classes begin or after the classes get over. Reminding us of our own school days , D is my answer as it shows that regulating cafeteria may help.

D is my answer.

E. Teenagers often skip meals at home, which increases their likelihood of consuming snacks, both healthy and unhealthy, during school hours. This option is wrong because we dont know the corresponding proportion of healthy and unhealthy food that children are likely to consume. If they are more likely to consume healthy food , then regulating cafetria will NOT help. REJECTED.
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A. Teenagers are more likely to consume unhealthy snacks at home if they perceive a lack of desirable options at school.

This choice supports the critics' argument that regulating school snacks might lead to increased consumption of unhealthy snacks at home. However, it does not directly address the study's findings about school consumption.
B. Many schools already limit the sale of certain types of unhealthy snacks, but they remain available through vending machines not controlled by the cafeteria.

This choice indicates that unhealthy snacks might still be accessible at school through vending machines. This information could suggest that the consumption data might not fully capture all unhealthy snack consumption at school, but it does not directly challenge the conclusion about cafeteria regulation.
C. Health education classes that discuss dietary choices can influence teenagers to make healthier eating decisions, independent of the school cafeteria offerings.

This choice introduces another factor (health education) that can influence eating habits, which does not directly challenge the conclusion about the impact of regulating cafeteria offerings.
D. The study measured only the snacks consumed within school hours and did not account for additional consumption immediately before or after school.

This choice seriously calls into question the conclusion because it suggests that the study's data on snack consumption might be incomplete. If teenagers consume additional unhealthy snacks before or after school, the study's findings about low consumption during school hours would not accurately reflect their overall snack consumption.
E. Teenagers often skip meals at home, which increases their likelihood of consuming snacks, both healthy and unhealthy, during school hours.

This choice suggests that meal-skipping could lead to increased snack consumption at school, which could counter the study's finding of low consumption. However, it does not directly address the study's methodology or completeness.
Ans D
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­Answer A: This sriously weakens the nutrionist's conclusion.
Answer B: Doesn't talk about regulating offering and the impact on teenage snack consumption
Answer C: Talks about teeenage snack consumption but not about the regulation of options
Answer D: Irrelevant
Answer E: Mixed, doesn't put into queestion the conclusion
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Bunuel
­Nutritionist Claim: It has been proposed that to combat rising obesity rates among teenagers, schools should strictly regulate the snack options available in school cafeterias. Critics argue that teenagers will just bring less healthy snacks from home if they want them. However, a recent study shows that the average consumption of unhealthy snacks by teenagers at school is less than two items per week, suggesting that teenagers do not heavily consume these products at school anyway. Thus, regulating school cafeteria offerings would not significantly impact overall teenage snack consumption.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously call into question the nutritionist's conclusion?

A. Teenagers are more likely to consume unhealthy snacks at home if they perceive a lack of desirable options at school.

B. Many schools already limit the sale of certain types of unhealthy snacks, but they remain available through vending machines not controlled by the cafeteria.

C. Health education classes that discuss dietary choices can influence teenagers to make healthier eating decisions, independent of the school cafeteria offerings.

D. The study measured only the snacks consumed within school hours and did not account for additional consumption immediately before or after school.

E. Teenagers often skip meals at home, which increases their likelihood of consuming snacks, both healthy and unhealthy, during school hours.



­
 


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­
To call into question the conclusion, we must find an option that indicates that regulating school cafeteria snack options could still have a significant impact on teenage snack consumption. Let's evaluate each option:

A. Teenagers are more likely to consume unhealthy snacks at home if they perceive a lack of desirable options at school.

-> This does not talk about overall consumption levels so we can disregard this option.

B. Many schools already limit the sale of certain types of unhealthy snacks, but they remain available through vending machines not controlled by the cafeteria.

-> This, while showing an alternative of consumption, does not address the overall impact on consumption levels.

C. Health education classes that discuss dietary choices can influence teenagers to make healthier eating decisions, independent of the school cafeteria offerings.

-> This is a way to influence healthy eating, but does not talk about what regulating the school cafeteria would do.

D. The study measured only the snacks consumed within school hours and did not account for additional consumption immediately before or after school.

-> This challenges the study's conclusion as it indicates that the overall snack consumption may not have been estimated correctly and suggests that the study might not have correctly captured the impact of regulating cafeteria options. This is the correct option.

E. Teenagers often skip meals at home, which increases their likelihood of consuming snacks, both healthy and unhealthy, during school hours.

-> This might explain why students are consuming snacks, but doesn't relate to questioning the claim.

Imo the answer is D.

 ­
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IMO - D

A. Teenagers are more likely to consume unhealthy snacks at home if they perceive a lack of desirable options at school. // Eliminate because it supports the argument by showing that school is helping to keep the consumption low.

B. Many schools already limit the sale of certain types of unhealthy snacks, but they remain available through vending machines not controlled by the cafeteria. // Eliminate because it considers only small set of schools.

C. Health education classes that discuss dietary choices can influence teenagers to make healthier eating decisions, independent of the school cafeteria offerings. // Eliminate. - irrelevant

D. The study measured only the snacks consumed within school hours and did not account for additional consumption immediately before or after school. // Correct because it missed the before and after hours as this is additional information which can weaken the data set collected.

E. Teenagers often skip meals at home, which increases their likelihood of consuming snacks, both healthy and unhealthy, during school hours. // Eliminate - Irrelevant
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Bunuel
­Nutritionist Claim: It has been proposed that to combat rising obesity rates among teenagers, schools should strictly regulate the snack options available in school cafeterias. Critics argue that teenagers will just bring less healthy snacks from home if they want them. However, a recent study shows that the average consumption of unhealthy snacks by teenagers at school is less than two items per week, suggesting that teenagers do not heavily consume these products at school anyway. Thus, regulating school cafeteria offerings would not significantly impact overall teenage snack consumption.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously call into question the nutritionist's conclusion?

A. Teenagers are more likely to consume unhealthy snacks at home if they perceive a lack of desirable options at school.

B. Many schools already limit the sale of certain types of unhealthy snacks, but they remain available through vending machines not controlled by the cafeteria.

C. Health education classes that discuss dietary choices can influence teenagers to make healthier eating decisions, independent of the school cafeteria offerings.

D. The study measured only the snacks consumed within school hours and did not account for additional consumption immediately before or after school.

E. Teenagers often skip meals at home, which increases their likelihood of consuming snacks, both healthy and unhealthy, during school hours.



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­Option D directly addresses a potential flaw in the study by indicating that it only measured snack consumption during school hours and did not account for snacks consumed immediately before or after school. This suggests that the study's measurement of snack consumption might be incomplete and that teenagers might be consuming unhealthy snacks outside of school hours, which could indeed be impacted by school regulations.

Other option are irrelevant.
A: It is a 180 degree answer. Not at all weeken it. This option suggests that teenagers might compensate for a lack of unhealthy snacks at school by consuming more at home. However, it does not directly challenge the study's finding that the average consumption of unhealthy snacks at school is low. It also doesn't address whether regulating school cafeteria offerings would impact overall consumption, only shifting the location of consumption.
B: Nothing about other options in schools is talked about. irrelevant option. This option highlights the presence of alternative sources of unhealthy snacks within schools. However, it does not directly address the overall consumption levels or challenge the study's findings. It only points out that regulation might be incomplete, not that it would be ineffective.
C: This option introduces an alternative method to influence healthier eating habits among teenagers but does not directly challenge the nutritionist's conclusion about the impact of regulating school cafeteria offerings. It suggests another factor that might contribute to healthier eating but does not provide evidence against the study's findings.
E:This option implies that teenagers might consume more snacks at school because they skip meals at home. However, it does not contradict the study's finding that the average consumption of unhealthy snacks at school is low. It suggests a reason for potential increased consumption but does not challenge the conclusion that regulating school snacks would not significantly impact overall consumption.
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The nutritionist's claim is mainly based on the study which shows the average consumption of unhealthy snacks by teenagers at school is less than two items per week. Hence regulate the snack options available in school cafeterias will not impact overall teenage snack consumption.


­A. Teenagers are more likely to consume unhealthy snacks at home if they perceive a lack of desirable options at school.
Irrelevant, infact support's the nutritionist's position that overall teenage snack consumption will not reduce. 

B. Many schools already limit the sale of certain types of unhealthy snacks, but they remain available through vending machines not controlled by the cafeteria.
The study anyways shows that the consumption of unhealthy snack in school is very low. Hence not relevant.

C. Health education classes that discuss dietary choices can influence teenagers to make healthier eating decisions, independent of the school cafeteria offerings.
Irrelevant.

D. The study measured only the snacks consumed within school hours and did not account for additional consumption immediately before or after school.
Correct asnwer. This claim completely question's the validity of the study's findings, thereby weakening nutritionist's claim.

E. Teenagers often skip meals at home, which increases their likelihood of consuming snacks, both healthy and unhealthy, during school hours.
The study anyways shows that the consumption of unhealthy snack in school is very low. Hence not relevant.
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Conclusion - Regulating school cafeteria offerings would not significantly impact overall teenage snack consumption.

Pre-thinking :

Weakener would be the reverse of above conclusion - "Regulating school cafeteria offerings would impact overall teenage snack consumption"

Let’s review answer choices.

A. Teenagers are more likely to consume unhealthy snacks at home if they perceive a lack of desirable options at school (Match with with prethinking)-Correct
B. strengthening the conclusion
C. Out of scope
D. Out of Scope
E. strengthening the conclusion

Ans- A
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