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WHAT’s the answer for q 2? IMO it should be B
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Q1. In addition to being convenient, affordable, and versatile, legumes are also full of fiber, vitamins, key minerals, and plant protein, plus their antioxidant levels rival berries. A) In addition to being convenient, affordable, and versatile, legumes are also full of fiber, vitamins, key minerals, and plant protein, plus their antioxidant levels rival berries B) Legumes are not only convenient, affordable, and versatile but also are rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals, plant protein, and levels of antioxidants that rival those of berries C) The convenient, affordable, and versatile legumes are, in addition to rivaling berries for antioxidant levels, full of fiber, vitamins, minerals, and plant protein D) Not only are they convenient, affordable, and versatile, legumes are rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and plant protein, rivaling berries in antioxidant levels E) Legumes, in addition to being convenient, affordable, and versatile, are rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and plant protein and rival berries in antioxidant levels Difficulty - Hard
E

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IMO, option B is correct because present participle is preferred for showing quality of noun "vocabulary".
The meaning of B is completely wrong -> "... improvement in vocabulary, resulting in an exposure to a rich and wide range of words.." The sentence says that the improvement in vocabulary exposes someone to a "rich and wide range of words". However, that is clearly illogical, as the improved vocabulary results from the exposure to the wide range of words, not the other way around.

Its imo down to A and C in this one, and I think that A is better because "a result of exposure" is more logical than "a result from exposure"
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The meaning of B is completely wrong -> "... improvement in vocabulary, resulting in an exposure to a rich and wide range of words.." The sentence says that the improvement in vocabulary exposes someone to a "rich and wide range of words". However, that is clearly illogical, as the improved vocabulary results from the exposure to the wide range of words, not the other way around.
Oh sorry! I couldn’t able to notice this from the meaning prospective. Thank you so much for the correction.
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It’s ok Iam sorry to u whole world men and women I care I pray for u
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Q1. Professor: It has been argued that freedom of thought is a precondition for intellectual progress, because freedom of thought allows thinkers to pursue their ideas, regardless of whom these ideas offend, in whatever direction they lead. However, it is clear that one must mine the full implications of interrelated ideas to make intellectual progress, and for this, thinkers need intellectual discipline. Therefore, this argument for freedom of thought fails. The conclusion drawn by the professor follows logically if which one of the following is assumed? (A) Thinkers who limit their line of thought to a particular orthodoxy are hindered in their intellectual progress. (B) Thinkers can mine the full implications of interrelated ideas only in the context of a society that values intellectual progress. (C) In societies that protect freedom of thought, thinkers invariably lack intellectual discipline. (D) Freedom of thought engenders creativity, which aids the discovery of truth. (E) Without intellectual discipline, thinkers can have no freedom of thought. Difficulty - Hard

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Q2. None of the students taking literature are taking physics, but several of the students taking physics are taking art. In addition, none of the students taking rhetoric are taking physics. Which one of the following statements follows logically from the statements above? A. There are students who are taking art but not literature. B. None of the students taking literature are taking art. C. There are students who are taking rhetoric but not literature. D. None of the students taking rhetoric are taking literature. E. There are students who are taking both art and literature. Difficulty - Hard

CR Questions July - 9 :

Q1. Kernland imposes a high tariff on the export of unprocessed cashew nuts in order to ensure that the nuts are sold to domestic processing plants. If the tariff were lifted and unprocessed cashews were sold at world market prices, more farmers could profit by growing cashews. However, since all the processing plants are in urban areas, removing the tariff would seriously hamper the government’s effort to reduce urban unemployment over the next five years.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?


A. Some of the by-products of processing cashews are used for manufacturing paints and plastics.

B. Other countries in which cashews are processed subsidize their processing plants.

C. More people in Kernland are engaged in farming cashews than in processing them.

D. Buying unprocessed cashews at lower than world market prices enables cashew processors in Kernland to sell processed nuts at competitive prices.

E. A lack of profitable crops is driving an increasing number of small farmers in Kernland off their land and into the cities.



Difficulty - Hard

Q2. Sam: During recessions, unemployment typically rises. Thus, air pollution due to automobile exhaust decreases during a recession, since fewer people com-mute in cars to jobs and so cars emitting pollutants into the air are used less.

Felipe: Why would you think that air pollution would decrease? During a recession, fewer people can afford to buy new cars, and cars tend to emit more pollutants as they get older.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which Sam’s argument depends?


A. People who have never been employed drive no less frequently during a recession than they would otherwise’

B. Most air pollution is caused by automobile exhaust emitted by cars used by people commuting to jobs.

C. most people who are employed do not use any form of public transportation to commute to their jobs.

D. During a recession, decreases in the use of cars resulting from reductions in commuting to jobs are not offset by increased use of cars for other reasons.

E. During a recession, a higher proportion of people who commute in cars to their jobs lose those jobs than do people who do not use cars to commute to their jobs.


Difficulty - Hard
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Q1. Kernland imposes a high tariff on the export of unprocessed cashew nuts in order to ensure that the nuts are sold to domestic processing plants. If the tariff were lifted and unprocessed cashews were sold at world market prices, more farmers could profit by growing cashews. However, since all the processing plants are in urban areas, removing the tariff would seriously hamper the government’s effort to reduce urban unemployment over the next five years. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? A. Some of the by-products of processing cashews are used for manufacturing paints and plastics. B. Other countries in which cashews are processed subsidize their processing plants. C. More people in Kernland are engaged in farming cashews than in processing them. D. Buying unprocessed cashews at lower than world market prices enables cashew processors in Kernland to sell processed nuts at competitive prices. E. A lack of profitable crops is driving an increasing number of small farmers in Kernland off their land and into the cities. Difficulty - Hard
C seems to be the correct option.

winterschool
Q2. Sam: During recessions, unemployment typically rises. Thus, air pollution due to automobile exhaust decreases during a recession, since fewer people com-mute in cars to jobs and so cars emitting pollutants into the air are used less. Felipe: Why would you think that air pollution would decrease? During a recession, fewer people can afford to buy new cars, and cars tend to emit more pollutants as they get older. Which one of the following is an assumption on which Sam’s argument depends? A. People who have never been employed drive no less frequently during a recession than they would otherwise’ B. Most air pollution is caused by automobile exhaust emitted by cars used by people commuting to jobs. C. most people who are employed do not use any form of public transportation to commute to their jobs. D. During a recession, decreases in the use of cars resulting from reductions in commuting to jobs are not offset by increased use of cars for other reasons. E. During a recession, a higher proportion of people who commute in cars to their jobs lose those jobs than do people who do not use cars to commute to their jobs. Difficulty - Hard
Option C
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Q1. In addition to being convenient, affordable, and versatile, legumes are also full of fiber, vitamins, key minerals, and plant protein, plus their antioxidant levels rival berries. A) In addition to being convenient, affordable, and versatile, legumes are also full of fiber, vitamins, key minerals, and plant protein, plus their antioxidant levels rival berries B) Legumes are not only convenient, affordable, and versatile but also are rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals, plant protein, and levels of antioxidants that rival those of berries C) The convenient, affordable, and versatile legumes are, in addition to rivaling berries for antioxidant levels, full of fiber, vitamins, minerals, and plant protein D) Not only are they convenient, affordable, and versatile, legumes are rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and plant protein, rivaling berries in antioxidant levels E) Legumes, in addition to being convenient, affordable, and versatile, are rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and plant protein and rival berries in antioxidant levels Difficulty - Hard

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Q2. Apart from the joy of great plot and narration, a common reward of reading classic literature is improvement in vocabulary, a result of exposure to a rich and wide range of words that are seldom encountered in everyday life or regular literature. (A) a result of exposure to a rich and wide range of words (B) resulting in exposure to a rich and wide range of words (C) a result from exposure to a rich and wide range of words (D) an improvement because of exposure to a rich and wide range of words (E) a result which is a consequence of exposure to a rich and wide range of words Difficulty - Hard

SC Questions July - 10 :

Q1. In 1923, the Supreme Court declared a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia as unconstitutional, and ruling that it was a form of price-fixing and, as such, an abridgment of the right of contract.


(A) the Supreme Court declared a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia as unconstitutional, and

(B) the Supreme Court declared as unconstitutional a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia, and

(C) the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia,

(D) a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court,

(E) when the Supreme Court declared a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia as unconstitutional,



Difficulty - Hard

Q2. What is as remarkable as Shostakovich’s writing of a caustically satirical musical in the Soviet Union of the 1950’s was the fact that then-Premier Nikita Khrushchev allowed the show to be produced.

A.What is as remarkable as Shostakovich’s writing of a caustically satirical musical in the Soviet Union of the 1950’s

B.The thing that has been as remarkable as Shostakovich’s writing of a caustically satirical musical in the Soviet Union of the 1950’s

C.No less remarkable than Shostakovich’s writing of a caustically satirical musical in the Soviet Union of the 1950’s

D.Shostakovich’s writing of a caustically satirical musical in the Soviet Union of the 1950’s has been no less remarkable than

E.Shostakovich’s writing of a caustically satirical musical in the Soviet Union of the 1950’s has been no less remarkable as


Difficulty - Hard
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Q1. In 1923, the Supreme Court declared a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia as unconstitutional, and ruling that it was a form of price-fixing and, as such, an abridgment of the right of contract. (A) the Supreme Court declared a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia as unconstitutional, and (B) the Supreme Court declared as unconstitutional a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia, and (C) the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia, (D) a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, (E) when the Supreme Court declared a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia as unconstitutional, Difficulty - Hard
C

Idiom used - "Declare X Y"
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Q1. In 1923, the Supreme Court declared a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia as unconstitutional, and ruling that it was a form of price-fixing and, as such, an abridgment of the right of contract. (A) the Supreme Court declared a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia as unconstitutional, and (B) the Supreme Court declared as unconstitutional a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia, and (C) the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia, (D) a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, (E) when the Supreme Court declared a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia as unconstitutional, Difficulty - Hard
Option C should be the correct answer.

Option A - (1) Parallelism issue. The SC declared .... , and ruling.... (2) Tense issue - both happened at the same time so declared and ruling don’t work together.

Option B - Same reasons of elimination as A.

Option C - (1) Tense - Use of "in 1923" specifies time therefore use of simple past tense "declared" is correct. (2) Modifier - Use of "present participle phrase" at the "end of the sentence" is correct as it modifies the preceding clause (refer note). (3) Active voice - Here it is important to put focus on the subject I.e. Supreme Court because generally SC’s rulings are considered important because it is the highest authority. Therefore, active voice is correctly used here.

Note: When the closing present participle phrase describes the events that are related to the events described in the preceding clause and were occurring while the events described in the preceding clause were occurring and a comma is used before the present participle then the structure is correct.

Option D - (1) Tense - Correct, same as option C, (2) Modifier - Correct, same as option C, (3) Passive voice - Between option C & D, which voice works best is the decision maker. We use passive voice, when we want to emphasise the receiver of the action, in this case Tthat would be "a minimum wage for women and children". Between the doer and the receiver, focusing on doer would make more sense for 2 reasons - one bcoz of "in 1923", one may ask what was so important about this event? The fact that Supreme Court declared "a minimum wage..." unconstitutional or that "a minimum wage..." was declared unconstitutional? We would want to remember this ruling because it was SC’s ruling. We would not only remember it because of the subject matter. Because of the above, we would eliminate option D.

Option E - There is no finite verb, no independent clause. "When....unconstitutional" - is a dependent clause, and "ruling..." - is a dependent clause - present participle phrase. Eliminate E.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option C.
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Can someone help how an independent clause and a dependent clause should be connected?

What’s make it different from that of connection between tow independent clauses.
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You can focus on the concept of Compound - Complex Sentences topic. Basically, it says, if you have 2 ICs and 1 DC then you can arrange them in two ways - 1) DC, IC, (FANBOY) IC. 2) DC, IC; IC. So for your question, SC and IC can be correctly written as IC (comma optional) DC or DC, (comma mandatory) IC.

Must Know: "When a DC precedes IC, the DC must be followed by a comma. When IC precedes DC, the comma between the two clauses is optional."

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Can someone help how an independent clause and a dependent clause should be connected? What’s make it different from that of connection between tow independent clauses.
You can focus on the concept of Compound - Complex Sentences topic. Basically, it says, if you have 2 ICs and 1 DC then you can arrange them in two ways - 1) DC, IC, (FANBOY) IC. 2) DC, IC; IC. So for your question, SC and IC can be correctly written as IC (comma optional) DC or DC, (comma mandatory) IC.

Must Know: "When a DC precedes IC, the DC must be followed by a comma. When IC precedes DC, the comma between the two clauses is optional."
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All above explainations are mentioned in the TTP course.
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Q1. Kernland imposes a high tariff on the export of unprocessed cashew nuts in order to ensure that the nuts are sold to domestic processing plants. If the tariff were lifted and unprocessed cashews were sold at world market prices, more farmers could profit by growing cashews. However, since all the processing plants are in urban areas, removing the tariff would seriously hamper the government’s effort to reduce urban unemployment over the next five years. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? A. Some of the by-products of processing cashews are used for manufacturing paints and plastics. B. Other countries in which cashews are processed subsidize their processing plants. C. More people in Kernland are engaged in farming cashews than in processing them. D. Buying unprocessed cashews at lower than world market prices enables cashew processors in Kernland to sell processed nuts at competitive prices. E. A lack of profitable crops is driving an increasing number of small farmers in Kernland off their land and into the cities. Difficulty - Hard

winterschool
Q2. Sam: During recessions, unemployment typically rises. Thus, air pollution due to automobile exhaust decreases during a recession, since fewer people com-mute in cars to jobs and so cars emitting pollutants into the air are used less. Felipe: Why would you think that air pollution would decrease? During a recession, fewer people can afford to buy new cars, and cars tend to emit more pollutants as they get older. Which one of the following is an assumption on which Sam’s argument depends? A. People who have never been employed drive no less frequently during a recession than they would otherwise’ B. Most air pollution is caused by automobile exhaust emitted by cars used by people commuting to jobs. C. most people who are employed do not use any form of public transportation to commute to their jobs. D. During a recession, decreases in the use of cars resulting from reductions in commuting to jobs are not offset by increased use of cars for other reasons. E. During a recession, a higher proportion of people who commute in cars to their jobs lose those jobs than do people who do not use cars to commute to their jobs. Difficulty - Hard

CR Questions July - 10 :

Q1. Between 1980 and 2000 the sea otter population of the Aleutian Islands declined precipitously. There were no signs of disease or malnutrition, so there was probably an increase in the number of otters being eaten by predators. Orcas will eat otters when seals, their normal prey, are unavailable, and the Aleutian Islands seal population declined dramatically in the 1980s. Therefore, orcas were most likely the immediate cause of the otter population decline.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument‘?

(A) The population of sea urchins, the main food of sea otters, has increased since the sea otter population declined.

(B) Seals do not eat sea otters, nor do they compete with sea otters for food.

(C) Most of the surviving sea otters live in a bay that is inaccessible to orcas.

(D) The population of orcas in the Aleutian Islands has declined since the 1980s.

(E) An increase in commercial fishing near the Aleutian Islands in the 1980s caused a slight decline in the population of the fish that seals use for food.



Difficulty - Hard

Q2. There are fundamentally two possible changes in an economy that will each cause inflation unless other compensating changes also occur. These changes are either reductions in the supply of goods and services or increases in demand. In a pre-banking economy the quantity of money available, and hence the level of demand, is equivalent to the quantity of gold available.

If the statements above are true, then it is also true that in a pre-banking economy

(A) any inflation is the result of reductions in the supply of goods and services

(B) if other factors in the economy are unchanged, increasing the quantity of gold available will lead to inflation

(C) if there is a reduction in the quantity of gold available, then, other things being equal, inflation must result

(D) the quantity of goods and services purchasable by a given amount of gold is constant

(E) whatever changes in demand occur, there will be compensating changes in the supply of goods and services



Difficulty - Hard
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Q1. Between 1980 and 2000 the sea otter population of the Aleutian Islands declined precipitously. There were no signs of disease or malnutrition, so there was probably an increase in the number of otters being eaten by predators. Orcas will eat otters when seals, their normal prey, are unavailable, and the Aleutian Islands seal population declined dramatically in the 1980s. Therefore, orcas were most likely the immediate cause of the otter population decline. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument‘? (A) The population of sea urchins, the main food of sea otters, has increased since the sea otter population declined. (B) Seals do not eat sea otters, nor do they compete with sea otters for food. (C) Most of the surviving sea otters live in a bay that is inaccessible to orcas. (D) The population of orcas in the Aleutian Islands has declined since the 1980s. (E) An increase in commercial fishing near the Aleutian Islands in the 1980s caused a slight decline in the population of the fish that seals use for food. Difficulty - Hard
C - surviving otters couldn’t be eaten because they were unreachable. If they were reachable they would also have been eatern by orcas.

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Q2. There are fundamentally two possible changes in an economy that will each cause inflation unless other compensating changes also occur. These changes are either reductions in the supply of goods and services or increases in demand. In a pre-banking economy the quantity of money available, and hence the level of demand, is equivalent to the quantity of gold available. If the statements above are true, then it is also true that in a pre-banking economy (A) any inflation is the result of reductions in the supply of goods and services (B) if other factors in the economy are unchanged, increasing the quantity of gold available will lead to inflation (C) if there is a reduction in the quantity of gold available, then, other things being equal, inflation must result (D) the quantity of goods and services purchasable by a given amount of gold is constant (E) whatever changes in demand occur, there will be compensating changes in the supply of goods and services Difficulty - Hard
B - given local demand = quantity of gold available so if quantity of gold increases that means deman increases that means inflation increases as per the formula given in the premise.
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Q1. Between 1980 and 2000 the sea otter population of the Aleutian Islands declined precipitously. There were no signs of disease or malnutrition, so there was probably an increase in the number of otters being eaten by predators. Orcas will eat otters when seals, their normal prey, are unavailable, and the Aleutian Islands seal population declined dramatically in the 1980s. Therefore, orcas were most likely the immediate cause of the otter population decline. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument‘? (A) The population of sea urchins, the main food of sea otters, has increased since the sea otter population declined. (B) Seals do not eat sea otters, nor do they compete with sea otters for food. (C) Most of the surviving sea otters live in a bay that is inaccessible to orcas. (D) The population of orcas in the Aleutian Islands has declined since the 1980s. (E) An increase in commercial fishing near the Aleutian Islands in the 1980s caused a slight decline in the population of the fish that seals use for food. Difficulty - Hard
We need any relation that justifies Decrease in Otters with whales’ presence, or that there are no other plausible reasons which can be attributed to sea Otters’s decline.

C- Gives clear relation

winterschool
Q2. There are fundamentally two possible changes in an economy that will each cause inflation unless other compensating changes also occur. These changes are either reductions in the supply of goods and services or increases in demand. In a pre-banking economy the quantity of money available, and hence the level of demand, is equivalent to the quantity of gold available. If the statements above are true, then it is also true that in a pre-banking economy (A) any inflation is the result of reductions in the supply of goods and services (B) if other factors in the economy are unchanged, increasing the quantity of gold available will lead to inflation (C) if there is a reduction in the quantity of gold available, then, other things being equal, inflation must result (D) the quantity of goods and services purchasable by a given amount of gold is constant (E) whatever changes in demand occur, there will be compensating changes in the supply of goods and services Difficulty - Hard
Particularly focuses on the Pre- banking scenario-
A- true anyways
B- gold up, means demand up, means Inflation up ( CORRECT ANSWER)
C- wrong conclusion
D- no such mention in argument
E- not certainly
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Q1. In 1923, the Supreme Court declared a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia as unconstitutional, and ruling that it was a form of price-fixing and, as such, an abridgment of the right of contract. (A) the Supreme Court declared a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia as unconstitutional, and (B) the Supreme Court declared as unconstitutional a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia, and (C) the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia, (D) a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, (E) when the Supreme Court declared a minimum wage for women and children in the District of Columbia as unconstitutional, Difficulty - Hard

winterschool
Q2. What is as remarkable as Shostakovich’s writing of a caustically satirical musical in the Soviet Union of the 1950’s was the fact that then-Premier Nikita Khrushchev allowed the show to be produced. A.What is as remarkable as Shostakovich’s writing of a caustically satirical musical in the Soviet Union of the 1950’s B.The thing that has been as remarkable as Shostakovich’s writing of a caustically satirical musical in the Soviet Union of the 1950’s C.No less remarkable than Shostakovich’s writing of a caustically satirical musical in the Soviet Union of the 1950’s D.Shostakovich’s writing of a caustically satirical musical in the Soviet Union of the 1950’s has been no less remarkable than E.Shostakovich’s writing of a caustically satirical musical in the Soviet Union of the 1950’s has been no less remarkable as Difficulty - Hard

SC Questions July - 11 :

Q1. Animal welfare groups disdaining the standards of perfection delineated by breed registries such as the American Kennel Club and are trying to spread awareness about the problems created by such inbreeding practices.


A) Animal welfare groups disdaining the standards of perfection delineated by breed registries such as the American Kennel Club and are trying to spread awareness about

B) Animal welfare groups disdain the standards of perfection delineated by such breed registries as the American Kennel Club and are trying to spread awareness about

C) Animal welfare groups that disdain the standards of perfection delineated by breed registries such as the American Kennel Club and that are trying to spread awareness about

D) Animal welfare groups disdaining the standards of perfection delineated by breed registries such as the American Kennel Club and they are trying to spread awareness about

E) Delineated by breed registries such as the American Kennel Club, animal welfare groups disdain the standards of perfection and are trying to spread awareness about



Difficulty - Hard

Q2. The finance department took into account a broader set of expenses than those used by the marketing department when each group determined a return-on-investment ratio.


A) department took into account a broader set of expenses than those used by the marketing department when each group determined a

B) department took into account a broader set of expenses than those used by the marketing department when each group determines a

C) department took into account a broader set of expenses than the marketing department when each group determined a different

D) department took into account a broader set of expenses than that used by the marketing department when each group determined a

E) department, taking into account a broader set of expenses than that used by the marketing department, so each group determined a


Difficulty - Hard
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I think it’s D as it says set of expenses which should be singular. Pls correct me if I am wrong
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