winterschool
Q1. Kernland imposes a high tariff on the export of unprocessed cashew nuts in order to ensure that the nuts are sold to domestic processing plants. If the tariff were lifted and unprocessed cashews were sold at world market prices, more farmers could profit by growing cashews. However, since all the processing plants are in urban areas, removing the tariff would seriously hamper the government’s effort to reduce urban unemployment over the next five years. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? A. Some of the by-products of processing cashews are used for manufacturing paints and plastics. B. Other countries in which cashews are processed subsidize their processing plants. C. More people in Kernland are engaged in farming cashews than in processing them. D. Buying unprocessed cashews at lower than world market prices enables cashew processors in Kernland to sell processed nuts at competitive prices. E. A lack of profitable crops is driving an increasing number of small farmers in Kernland off their land and into the cities. Difficulty - Hard
winterschool
Q2. Sam: During recessions, unemployment typically rises. Thus, air pollution due to automobile exhaust decreases during a recession, since fewer people com-mute in cars to jobs and so cars emitting pollutants into the air are used less. Felipe: Why would you think that air pollution would decrease? During a recession, fewer people can afford to buy new cars, and cars tend to emit more pollutants as they get older. Which one of the following is an assumption on which Sam’s argument depends? A. People who have never been employed drive no less frequently during a recession than they would otherwise’ B. Most air pollution is caused by automobile exhaust emitted by cars used by people commuting to jobs. C. most people who are employed do not use any form of public transportation to commute to their jobs. D. During a recession, decreases in the use of cars resulting from reductions in commuting to jobs are not offset by increased use of cars for other reasons. E. During a recession, a higher proportion of people who commute in cars to their jobs lose those jobs than do people who do not use cars to commute to their jobs. Difficulty - Hard
CR Questions July - 10 :Q1. Between 1980 and 2000 the sea otter population of the Aleutian Islands declined precipitously. There were no signs of disease or malnutrition, so there was probably an increase in the number of otters being eaten by predators. Orcas will eat otters when seals, their normal prey, are unavailable, and the Aleutian Islands seal population declined dramatically in the 1980s. Therefore, orcas were most likely the immediate cause of the otter population decline.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument‘?
(A) The population of sea urchins, the main food of sea otters, has increased since the sea otter population declined.
(B) Seals do not eat sea otters, nor do they compete with sea otters for food.
(C) Most of the surviving sea otters live in a bay that is inaccessible to orcas.
(D) The population of orcas in the Aleutian Islands has declined since the 1980s.
(E) An increase in commercial fishing near the Aleutian Islands in the 1980s caused a slight decline in the population of the fish that seals use for food.
Difficulty - Hard
Q2. There are fundamentally two possible changes in an economy that will each cause inflation unless other compensating changes also occur. These changes are either reductions in the supply of goods and services or increases in demand. In a pre-banking economy the quantity of money available, and hence the level of demand, is equivalent to the quantity of gold available.
If the statements above are true, then it is also true that in a pre-banking economy
(A) any inflation is the result of reductions in the supply of goods and services
(B) if other factors in the economy are unchanged, increasing the quantity of gold available will lead to inflation
(C) if there is a reduction in the quantity of gold available, then, other things being equal, inflation must result
(D) the quantity of goods and services purchasable by a given amount of gold is constant
(E) whatever changes in demand occur, there will be compensating changes in the supply of goods and services
Difficulty - Hard