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21 Jan 2021, 07:30
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Question 1
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
60% (03:19) correct
40%
(02:56) wrong
based on 518
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
58% (01:19) correct 42%
(01:41) wrong
based on 522
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Many historians consider the Marshall Plan one of the United States’ major foreign policy successes of the last century. Behrman argues that the financial support provided by the United States was largely responsible for the recovery of the participating European economies aer the Second World War. He credits the “multiplier effect” with generating four to six additional dollars of European production for each Marshall Plan dollar distributed. Farmers, shopkeepers, and manufacturers would purchase equipment and materials through their national banks, which would then submit a request for Marshall Plan funds. Upon approval, the U.S. supplier would be paid from the Marshall Plan, and the national bank would retain the local currency, which could be used for infrastructure repair and other national recovery efforts.
However, other scholars are more critical. Although Ferguson concedes Behrman’s economic analysis, he disputes Behrman’s claim that the Marshall Plan was crucial to Europe’s recovery by outlining the many other programs and policies that were already in place. Ferguson identifies the political impact of the Marshall Plan as the most significant result; the citizens of Western Europe saw the United States as assisting them through the difficult process of economic restoration and strengthened their connections with their transatlantic ally. LaFeber and other revisionist historians are even more critical, describing the Marshall Plan as economic imperialism, a way to bind Western Europe’s economy to that of the United States and to assist the recovery of U.S. industry, which had to return to producing domestic needs aer several years of manufacturing armaments and military supplies, rather than as a mechanism for the restoration of the Western European national economies.
However, other scholars are more critical. Although Ferguson concedes Behrman’s economic analysis, he disputes Behrman’s claim that the Marshall Plan was crucial to Europe’s recovery by outlining the many other programs and policies that were already in place. Ferguson identifies the political impact of the Marshall Plan as the most significant result; the citizens of Western Europe saw the United States as assisting them through the difficult process of economic restoration and strengthened their connections with their transatlantic ally. LaFeber and other revisionist historians are even more critical, describing the Marshall Plan as economic imperialism, a way to bind Western Europe’s economy to that of the United States and to assist the recovery of U.S. industry, which had to return to producing domestic needs aer several years of manufacturing armaments and military supplies, rather than as a mechanism for the restoration of the Western European national economies.
1. The passage suggests that Ferguson would be most likely to agree with which of the following claims about the “multiplier effect” (Highlighted)?
A) It was unlikely to have generated the returns for the European national economies that Behrman claims.
B) It may have been helpful to the European national economies, but it was not the most important outcome of the Marshall Plan.
C) It was the most controversial aspect of the Marshall Plan, generating intense resistance from those countries that chose not to participate.
D) It was a crucial part of the Marshall Plan, being substantially responsible for the recovery of participating Western European economies.
E) It was designed primarily to assist the recovery of industry in the United States, despite its benefits to Western European national economies.
2. Which of the following statements best describes the function of the last sentence in the passage?
A) It provides evidence that might undermine the viewpoint of the historians mentioned in the first sentence.
B) It resolves the conflict over the efficacy of the Marshall Plan introduced in the first paragraph.
C) It clarifies some of the reasons the Marshall Plan is generally considered to have been a success.
D) It qualifies a claim made earlier in the passage about return earned on each dollar spent by the Marshall Plan.
E) It supports a claim made earlier in the passage about the importance of the Marshall Plan to the economic recovery of Western Europe.
A) It was unlikely to have generated the returns for the European national economies that Behrman claims.
B) It may have been helpful to the European national economies, but it was not the most important outcome of the Marshall Plan.
C) It was the most controversial aspect of the Marshall Plan, generating intense resistance from those countries that chose not to participate.
D) It was a crucial part of the Marshall Plan, being substantially responsible for the recovery of participating Western European economies.
E) It was designed primarily to assist the recovery of industry in the United States, despite its benefits to Western European national economies.
2. Which of the following statements best describes the function of the last sentence in the passage?
A) It provides evidence that might undermine the viewpoint of the historians mentioned in the first sentence.
B) It resolves the conflict over the efficacy of the Marshall Plan introduced in the first paragraph.
C) It clarifies some of the reasons the Marshall Plan is generally considered to have been a success.
D) It qualifies a claim made earlier in the passage about return earned on each dollar spent by the Marshall Plan.
E) It supports a claim made earlier in the passage about the importance of the Marshall Plan to the economic recovery of Western Europe.
RC Butler 2021 - Practice 2 RCs Daily.
Passage # 30 Date: 21-Jan-2021
This question is a part of RC Butler 2021. Click here for Details
Passage # 30 Date: 21-Jan-2021
This question is a part of RC Butler 2021. Click here for Details
11 Apr 2021, 22:10
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Sajjad1994 : Request you to post the detailed solution for the first question
12 Apr 2021, 08:30
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nsrivastav064
Sajjad1994 : Request you to post the detailed solution for the first question
Official Explanation
1. The passage suggests that Ferguson would be most likely to agree with which of the following claims about the “multiplier effect” (Highlighted)?
Difficulty Level: 650
Explanation
STEP 1: ANALYZE THE QUESTION STEM
The key word “suggests” identifies this as an Inference question. The correct answer will be fully supported by information in the passage about Ferguson’s point of view on the “multiplier effect.”
STEP 2: RESEARCH THE RELEVANT TEXT
The additional context clue “multiplier effect” and the line number in the question direct your research to the first paragraph. The first words of the sentence in line identify the description of the “multiplier effect” that follows as that of Behrman, not Ferguson. Skim this section to refresh your memory of the “multiplier effect.” The passage map locates Ferguson’s opinion in the beginning of the second paragraph, so reread that section as well, specifically looking for Ferguson’s view of Behrman’s discussion of the “multiplier effect.”
STEP 3: MAKE A PREDICTION
Behrman describes the “multiplier effect” as the mechanism by which each dollar of distributed Marshall Plan funds resulted in an additional four to six dollars made available for use by the European national banks. Lines in the passage state “Ferguson concedes Behrman’s economic analysis,” but Ferguson goes on to dispute Behrman’s conclusion. Predict that the correct answer will include “the multiplier effect is valid,” “Behrman’s conclusion is incorrect,” or both. Notice that, once you clearly understand the relationship of the two historians’ views, a detailed understanding of the mechanism of the “multiplier effect” is unnecessary.
STEP 6: EVALUATE THE ANSWER CHOICES
(B) matches both concepts in the prediction and is correct.
(A) is a distortion of Ferguson’s view. Ferguson agrees with Behrman’s economic analysis, but not Behrman’s assessment of the impact of the “multiplier effect.”
(C) is not mentioned in the passage and is incorrect. Be careful if you happen to know that some nonparticipating countries were hostile to the Marshall Plan; the text only discusses the United States and the participating Western European countries.
(D) and (E) are misused details from the passage that answer the wrong question. (D) is Behrman’s view, and (E) is LaFeber’s view; neither is Ferguson’s.
Answer: B
Difficulty Level: 650
Explanation
STEP 1: ANALYZE THE QUESTION STEM
The key word “suggests” identifies this as an Inference question. The correct answer will be fully supported by information in the passage about Ferguson’s point of view on the “multiplier effect.”
STEP 2: RESEARCH THE RELEVANT TEXT
The additional context clue “multiplier effect” and the line number in the question direct your research to the first paragraph. The first words of the sentence in line identify the description of the “multiplier effect” that follows as that of Behrman, not Ferguson. Skim this section to refresh your memory of the “multiplier effect.” The passage map locates Ferguson’s opinion in the beginning of the second paragraph, so reread that section as well, specifically looking for Ferguson’s view of Behrman’s discussion of the “multiplier effect.”
STEP 3: MAKE A PREDICTION
Behrman describes the “multiplier effect” as the mechanism by which each dollar of distributed Marshall Plan funds resulted in an additional four to six dollars made available for use by the European national banks. Lines in the passage state “Ferguson concedes Behrman’s economic analysis,” but Ferguson goes on to dispute Behrman’s conclusion. Predict that the correct answer will include “the multiplier effect is valid,” “Behrman’s conclusion is incorrect,” or both. Notice that, once you clearly understand the relationship of the two historians’ views, a detailed understanding of the mechanism of the “multiplier effect” is unnecessary.
STEP 6: EVALUATE THE ANSWER CHOICES
(B) matches both concepts in the prediction and is correct.
(A) is a distortion of Ferguson’s view. Ferguson agrees with Behrman’s economic analysis, but not Behrman’s assessment of the impact of the “multiplier effect.”
(C) is not mentioned in the passage and is incorrect. Be careful if you happen to know that some nonparticipating countries were hostile to the Marshall Plan; the text only discusses the United States and the participating Western European countries.
(D) and (E) are misused details from the passage that answer the wrong question. (D) is Behrman’s view, and (E) is LaFeber’s view; neither is Ferguson’s.
Answer: B
