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E is the answer

you are introducing examples.... so use of as is preferred over the use of like.... so A and B are out.... out of C, D, and E.... look for parallelism in either or construction.... prepositions are used correctly only in E
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Ans is B.
First step is to split i.e. see the differences in the first and the last words of the choices.
First word has to be like because as is used when it is preceded by such. For instance if it had been 'most expenditure to combat vector diseases such as malaria, ...' then it would have been correct to use such.
Thus ans is A or B. Between these two B is following parallelism
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Most expenditures to combat such vector-borne diseases like malaria and rabies have focused either on the immunization of humans or on obliterating the carriers with pesticides.

A like malaria and rabies have focused either on the immunization of humans or on obliterating
(Incorrect) As is used to introduce examples, Like can only be used when we are implying similar behaviour ... Also, here a complex gerund is made parallel to simple gerund which isn't possible

B like malaria and dengue have focused either on immunization of humans or on the obliteration of
(Incorrect) Again Like has been used ..

C as malaria and dengue have focused on either immunizing humans or on obliterating
(incorrect) Incorrect usage of either .. or .. it should be either X or Y rather than either X or on Y

D as malaria and dengue have focused on either immunizing of humans or on obliteration of
(Incorrect) Here complex gerunds are parallel but the correct form should be immunization of humans ...

E as malaria and dengue have focused on either immunizing humans or obliterating
(Correct) Two gerunds are parallel in correct form .. correct usage of either or ...
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Winner for this question is aditya8062
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Ans E..

There are two ways such as can appear...
1. such as.....
2. such X as Y.....y refers to the specific type of x
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Why is option 'B' incorrect ?
B like malaria and dengue have focused either on immunization of humans or on the obliteration of
'like' is used for comparing nouns, which is evident in this option
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Such ... As

Have focused on either Verb-ing and Verb-ing

E wins

Posted from my mobile device
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Most expenditures to combat such vector-borne diseases like malaria and rabies have focused either on the immunization of humans or on obliterating the carriers with pesticides.


A like malaria and rabies have focused either on the immunization of humans or on obliterating
such....as

B like malaria and dengue have focused either on immunization of humans or on the obliteration of
such....as

C as malaria and dengue have focused on either immunizing humans or on obliterating
parallelism error. on is redundant

D as malaria and dengue have focused on either immunizing of humans or on obliteration of
parallelism error.

E as malaria and dengue have focused on either immunizing humans or obliterating
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