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Can someone please explain why is A preferred over C? I think both are good to be selected.
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daagh carcass Could either of you please have a look at this. Both A and C are grammatically correct. Could you please explain why one is better than the other?
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C and E also seem probable contenders as A. Can you explain
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Yeah, there's no reason to say that C is wrong. E eliminates the idea of "hope," saying that these things have already been accomplished. (It also needs a comma after "severity.")

The GMAT will only make the correct answer hinge on the placement of a modifier if the change in placement makes a clear and problematic difference in meaning. This one won't fly.
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The officialdom, shocked and frightened by the general unrest, expanded local relief efforts, moderated the depression's severity and re-established social order.

An error with E is the comma placement. When you are making a list you do so by - A, B, and C.
The above make an erroneous list. It adds 'shocked and frightened by the general unrest' to the list and then does not end the list correctly as well. Out and out a wrong choice.

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a) The officialdom, shocked and frightened by the general unrest, expanded local relief efforts, hoping to moderate the depression's severity and to re-establish social order.

A, to me, appears to be a sentence fragment.
,expanded local relief efforts,
enclosed in commas on both sides, the qualifier looks like "non essential". Removing it looks something like this:

a) The officialdom, shocked and frightened by the general unrest, hoping to moderate the depression's severity and to re-establish social order.
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a) The officialdom, shocked and frightened by the general unrest, expanded local relief efforts, hoping to moderate the depression's severity and to re-establish social order.

A, to me, appears to be a sentence fragment.
,expanded local relief efforts,
enclosed in commas on both sides, the qualifier looks like "non essential". Removing it looks something like this:

a) The officialdom, shocked and frightened by the general unrest, hoping to moderate the depression's severity and to re-establish social order.

Well, I can see now how this sentence is not a fragment.
"hoping to moderate the depression's severity and to re-establish social order." - this is a present participle terminal modifier phrase that modifies the action: expanded local relief efforts, which is the part of the independent clause.

The comma just before "hoping", in my view, is unnecessary. The sentence could be rewritten:

The officialdom, shocked and frightened by the general unrest, expanded local relief efforts hoping to moderate the depression's severity and to re-establish social order.

Back to A vs C -- anyone?
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Option C looks better than A just because of a better placement of modifier and the subject is closer to both the modifiers but I think both the answers are grammatically and logically correct.
Any error in A that I am missing here?
I hope that we are not tested with such confusing questions in the real exam.
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Can anyone please tell me why B is wrong?
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csaluja
Can anyone please tell me why B is wrong?



b) aldom, shocked and frightened by the general unrest, expanded local relief efforts, and hoped to moderate the depression's severity and to re-establish social order.

They did not hoped in the past to re-establish the social order
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csaluja
Can anyone please tell me why B is wrong?



b) aldom, shocked and frightened by the general unrest, expanded local relief efforts, and hoped to moderate the depression's severity and to re-establish social order.

They did not hoped in the past to re-establish the social order

Careful there. If the action takes place in the past ("The officialdom . . . expanded"), then any other verbs make most sense in the past. There's nothing wrong with "hoped"! The problem is that by listing out verbs, choice B doesn't make the relationship among those things clear. In the right answer(s) (really, there are 2 fine answers here: A and C), the use of an adverbial modifier ("hoping . . . ") creates a hierarchy of actions. The officialdom expanded local efforts, and they did this in the hope that it would moderate the severity and re-establish the order. It's important to realize that "hoping" in this context is not a present-tense verb. It's not a verb at all, but a present participle working as a modifier. At no point in any of these choices are we in the present tense.
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